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- 1. Multiple Choice
A buried body of shale is subjected to differential stress, causing clay minerals to realign and produce slate. This is an example of ________.
diagenesis
erosion
metamorphism
weathering
- 2. Multiple Choice
A mineral within a metamorphic rock that can be used to provide a narrow constraint on the temperature and pressure of rock formation is termed a(n) ________ mineral.
thermal
index
mafic
mineral
- 3. Multiple Choice
A protolith subjected to metamorphism ________.
is always metamorphic rock
is always igneous rock
is always sedimentary rock
may belong to any of the three primary rock types
- 4. Multiple Choice
Broadly, metamorphism involves ________.
the settling of crystals in a melt as it cools
the sorting of grains by size, as accomplished by rivers and beach waves
the cementation of loose grains and the precipitation of new minerals into pore spaces
changes in mineralogy and texture in response to heat and stress
- 5. Multiple Choice
Clay minerals within a buried body of slate are recrystallized at high temperatures and pressures to form mica, producing a rock called phyllite. This is an example of ________.
diagenesis
erosion
metamorphism
weathering
- 6. Multiple Choice
Consult the figure below. Compared with low-grade metamorphic rocks, high-grade rocks ________.
always contain more quartz and feldspar
are produced close to the surface but high in the stratigraphic column
are produced at greater temperatures and pressures
are produced at cooler temperatures but greater pressures
- 7. Multiple Choice
Consult the figure below. Hot water reacting with the crust is the basis for what type of metamorphi
contact
hydrothermal
regional
shock
- 8. Multiple Choice
Consult the figure below. The region of thermally metamorphosed rock surrounding a cooled pluton is called a(n) ________. sh
shear zone
aureole
oriole
metamorphic ring
- 9. Multiple Choice
Foliated metamorphic rocks possess ________.
leafy plant fossils (ancient foliage)
a homogeneous texture resulting from randomly oriented grains
mineral grains in preferred orientations or patterns of association (banding)
minerals precipitated directly from seawater
- 10. Multiple Choice
Marble and quartzite are nonfoliated rocks because ________.
they are never found beneath fault zones or collisional mountain ranges
both are dominated by minerals that produce equant grains
both are dominated by minerals with crystalline structures that cannot be dissolved
dynamothermal metamorphism can break down the structures of their constituent minerals, but neither of these minerals is stable in that metamorphic environment
- 11. Multiple Choice
Precambrian metamorphic rocks are exposed at the surface ________.
on Mars and Venus but not on Earth
at places in continental interiors termed platforms
at places in continental interiors termed shields
at the bottom of the deep sea
- 12. Multiple Choice
Preexisting rock that is subsequently altered to form a metamorphic rock is termed a ________.
xenolith
source rock
protolith
phenocryst
- 13. Multiple Choice
Regional metamorphism ________.
takes place at cool temperatures and low pressure
takes place at cool temperatures but high pressure
is another name for thermal metamorphism
is another name for dynamothermal metamorphism
- 14. Multiple Choice
Slaty cleavage, schistosity, and compositional banding are all examples of ______.
mineral cleavage
foliation
recrystallization
metamorphic facies
- 15. Multiple Choice
The application of ________ during metamorphism causes elongated crystals to align parallel with each other. When this happens, the rock develops ________.
pressure; a homogeneous texture
differential stress; foliation
high temperatures; foliation
pressure; foliation
- 16. Multiple Choice
The development of a preferred orientation of large, flaky mica crystals within metamorphic rock is termed ________.
slaty cleavage
phyllitic luster
schistosity
compositional banding
- 17. Multiple Choice
The figure below shows the application of ________.
tension
pressure
normal stress
shear stress
- 18. Multiple Choice
The mineral assemblage within metamorphic rock is ________.
always identical to that found within its protolith
dependent only on the mineral assemblage of its protolith
dependent only on the temperature and pressure of formation
dependent on both the mineral content of its protolith and the temperature and pressure of formation
- 19. Multiple Choice
The net chemical change in metamorphic rock induced by a reaction with hot groundwater is termed ________.
foliation
metasomatism
anachronism
hydrosomatism
- 20. Multiple Choice
The process of high-grade metamorphic rocks being altered to form low-grade metamorphic rocks is termed ________ metamorphism.
foliated
prograde
retrograde
dynamic
- 21. Multiple Choice
The process of low-grade metamorphic rocks being altered to form high-grade metamorphic rocks is termed ________ metamorphism.
foliated
prograde
retrograde
dynamic
- 22. Multiple Choice
Thermal (contact) metamorphism occurs ________.
in areas surrounding igneous intrusions
only where gneiss is in contact with schist
as a consequence of the sinking of a broad region to great depth
only at the surface, where rock is in contact with the atmosphere
- 23. Multiple Choice
Thermal (contact) metamorphism produces ________.
foliated rocks only
nonfoliated rocks only
both foliated and nonfoliated rocks
Thermal metamorphism does not produce any metamorphic rocks.
- 24. Multiple Choice
Two common metamorphic rocks that typically lack foliation are ________ and ________.
slate; phyllite
gneiss; migmatite
quartzite; marble
schist; metaconglomerate
- 25. Multiple Choice
What is a primary difference between phyllite and schist?
Schist contains mica, whereas phyllite contains only clay.
Phyllite contains mica, whereas schist contains only clay.
Mica crystals within schist are larger than those within phyllite.
Mica crystals within phyllite are larger than those within schist.
- 26. Multiple Choice
Within a single mountain range, ________.
only low-grade metamorphic rocks are likely to be found
only high-grade metamorphic rocks are likely to be found
only nonfoliated metamorphic rocks are likely to be found
it is possible to find a variety of metamorphic rocks produced in distinct facies, including high-, intermediate-, and low-grade rocks
- 27. Multiple Choice
Which of the following processes CANNOT occur in the formation of metamorphic rock?
the realignment of minerals so that they develop a preferred orientation
the segregation of minerals into layers of different compositions
the solid-state rearrangement of atoms or ions to create a new assemblage of minerals
complete remelting of the rock, followed by solidification to form a new rock
- 28. Multiple Choice
________ commonly serves as a protolith in the formation of marble.
Limestone
Sandstone
Shale
Gneiss
- 29. Multiple Choice
_______ commonly serves as a protolith in the formation of phyllite.
Limestone
Sanstone
Shale
Basalt
- 30. Multiple Choice
________ commonly serves as a protolith in the formation of quartzite.
Limestone
Sandstone
Shale
Slate
- 31. Multiple Choice
________ commonly serves as a protolith in the formation of slate.
Limestone
Sandstone
Shale
Basalt
- 32. Multiple Choice
________ metamorphism affects the greatest volumes of rock and produces the greatest variety in metamorphic rock types.
Thermal
Dynamothermal
Dynamic
Shock
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