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- 1. Multiple ChoiceWhy are advantageous traits more likely to be passed onto offspring?Because they are more likely to survive and reproduce.Because they come from dominant alleles.Because they come from recessive alleles.Because the trait is an acquired phenotype.
- 2. Multiple ChoiceBehavioral changes of individuals of a species that allow for better survival. (Acquired traits)VariationAdaptationBehaviorEnvironment
- 3. Multiple Choice
Genetic variation can arise from a random change in the DNA of a gene. The change is called a(n)mutationgene flowgene poolallele - 4. Multiple Choicewhich of the following is not involved in natural selection?competition for resourcesdifferences in reproductive successinheritable variation in populationsbreeder selects traits
- 5. Multiple Choice
Having a very high birth weight or a very low birth weight increases the mortality rate of human babies. What type of selection may occur over time?
directional selection
disruptive selection
stabilizing selection
artificial selection
- 6. Multiple Choice
A fire has wiped out the vegetation that produces medium sized seeds. As a result, the finches left can feed on seed that are available in two sizes: small and large. What type of selection is likely to take place in this population?
directional selection
disruptive selection
stabilizing selection
artificial selection
- 7. Multiple Choice
In Canada, the people have overfished the salmon in a particular river. They catch the larger salmon and throw the smaller salmon back into the river. Over time, what type of selection is likely to take place?
directional selection
disruptive selection
stabilizing selection
artificial selection
- 8. Multiple ChoiceWhat type of selection is depicted in the picture?stabilizingdirectionaldisruptivethe answer is not here
- 9. Multiple ChoiceWhat type of selection?DirectionalStabilizingDisruptive
- 10. Multiple ChoiceWhat type of natural selection is this?Disruptive SelectionDirectional SelectionStabilizing SelectionSexy Selection
- 11. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is a true statement about natural selection?it is goal directedindividuals evolvevariation exists in a populationacquired characteristics
- 12. Multiple ChoiceUsing the cladogram: a common ancestor of amphibians and ray-finned fish would havea bony skeletonfour limbsscaly skineggs with shells
- 13. Multiple ChoiceThe condition in which there are barriers to successful interbreeding between individuals of different species in the same community is referred to assexual dependencyreproductive isolationgeographic isolationadaptive radiation
- 14. Multiple ChoiceThe wing of a bat and a humans' arm have different functions and appear very different. Yet, the underlying anatomy is basically the same. therefore, these structures are examples ofgeographic isolationanalogous structureshomologyreproductive isolation
- 15. Multiple ChoiceIn a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of a particular recessive allele a is .4. What is the percentage of the population heterozygous for this allele?4 percent16 percent32 percent48 percent
- 16. Multiple ChoiceThe differences in sparrow songs among sympatric species of sparrows are examples ofgeographic isolationconvergent evolutionbehavioral isolationmechanical isolation
- 17. Multiple ChoiceThe Tasmanian devil is a marsupial that resembles the North America wolf, which is a placental mammal.adaptive radiationdivergent evolutionfounder effectconvergent evolution
- 18. Multiple Choicewhich of the following is NOT a requirement for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?small populationno gene flowno mutationsno selection
- 19. Multiple Choicea bird that can easily outcompete other birds for food and that can produce many eggs has a highsexualitymutation ratefitnessadaptability
- 20. Multiple ChoiceWhat is suggested by the similarity of early embryos of different species of vertebrates?no evolutionary relationships between the groupsrecent common ancestrysimilar environments in the pastevolution from a distant common ancestor
- 21. Multiple ChoiceIf an organism has a vestigial structure, that structure likely once had a function in a(n)close relativeearly ancestorunrelated organismembryological stage
- 22. Multiple ChoiceMutations are important because they bring aboutdeath of the organism in which they developgenetic variation needed for a population to evolvebenefits for the individual, not for the populationHardey-Weinberg equilibrium within a population
- 23. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following evolutionary forces can introduce new genetic variation into a population?natural selection and non-random matingnatural selection and genetic driftmutation and genetic driftmutation and gene flow
- 24. Multiple ChoiceA mutation occurs in a particular animal and quickly begins to increase in frequency throughout the population. Which of the following are you most likely to conclude?The mutation makes the animal grow largerThe mutation does not confer any benefit or harm to the animalThe mutation makes the animal more susceptible to predatorsThe mutation increase the probability that the animal will reproduce.
- 25. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following types of reproductive barriers separate a pair of species that could interbreed except that one mates at dusk and the other at dawn?behavioral isolationmechanical isolationhabitat isolationtemporal isolation
- 26. Multiple ChoiceWhich statement correctly explains how resistance to penicillin appeared after a few years of its widespread use to fight bacterial infection?in order to survive exposure to penicillin, bacteria developed a resistance to the druga few bacteria became resistant to penicillin, and through sexual reproduction , most bacteria acquired the resistancepenicillin never really successfully wiped out populations of bacteria, scientist did not use proper controls in their studiessome bacteria were resistant to penicillin and their population spread rapidly, without competition from bacteria that were killed by penicillin
- 27. Multiple Choice
Adult male humans generally have deeper voices than do adult female humans, which is the direct result of higher levels of testosterone causing growth of the larynx. If the fossil records of apes and humans alike show a trend toward decreasing larynx size in adult females and increasing larynx size in adult males, then
stabilizing selection was occurring in these species concerning larynx size.
intrasexual selection seems to have occurred.
sexual dimorphism was developing over time in these species
selection was acting more direction upon genotype than upon phenotype.
- 28. Multiple ChoiceThe Hardy-Weinberg Model is?Available at local hobby stores and retailers throughout the Greater Cleveland area.A mathematical tool that biologists can use to predict allele frequencies and determine whether or not evolution is occurring within a population.Always occurring within populations of organisms in nature.Only useful in the lab and cannot be practically applied to real-world populations of organisms.
- 29. Multiple ChoiceThe differences in sparrow songs among sympatric species of sparrows are examples ofgeographic isolationconvergent evolutionbehavioral isolationmechanical isolation
- 30. Multiple Choice
Miller/Urey and other scientists studying the origin of life have shown that:
Formation of life on early Earth required material from space
Simple cells can be produced in a laboratory using spontaneous generation
Oxygen and water were present in the atmosphere to support life
Organic molecules like amino acids and nucleotides could be produced from abiotic/inorganic molecules
- 31. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following was probably not present in the atmosphere of the primitive Earth?MethaneOxygenWaterCarbon dioxide
- 32. Multiple Choice
____________ & ____________ are organelles that definitely arose from endosymbiosis.
Mitochondia & Cytoplasm
Mitochondria & Nucleus
Chloroplast & Mitochondria
Chloroplast & Plasma Membrane
- 33. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following best describes adaptive radiation?Many different species of finches on an island today derived from a single ancestral species that each specialized to fill a different ecological niche.Both the whale and the shark have similar streamlined appearance even though they are not closely related.One species of antelope evolves into two separate species because they are separated by a wide river for millions of years.Any change in the gene pool due to chance.
- 34. Multiple ChoiceAll of the alleles in all the individuals that make up a population's fitnessfitnessgene poolgene flowgenetic drift
- 35. Multiple Choice
A biologist spent many years researching the rate of evolutionary change in the pink salmon population of the Pacific Northwest. It was determined that the average size (both length and mass) of the salmon decreased dramatically between 1945 and 1970. During this time fisherman were paid by the pound and there was an increase in the use of gill netting to harvest fish.
Which of the following best describes the mechanism behind the change in size in the pink salmon population?
A change in gene frequencies in the salmon population due to selective pressure from fishing.
The formation of two new salmon species from a single parent species
A new allele appearing in the salmon population as a result of mutation
The achievement of dynamic equilibrium in the salmon population as a result of homeostasis.
- 36. Multiple Choice
Your friend remarks, "The giraffe stretched its neck while reaching for higher leaves; as a result, its offspring inherited longer necks” Which statement is the best response to correct your friend’s misconception?
Overproduction of offspring leads to a struggle for survival.
Only favorable adaptations have survival value.
Characteristics acquired during an organism's life are generally not passed on through genes to its offspring.
Disuse of an organ may lead to its eventual disappearance.
- 37. Multiple Choice
For a given population that contains genetic variation and is under the influence of natural selection, what is the correct sequence of the following events?
1. Well-adapted individuals leave more offspring
2.A change occurs in the environment.
3. Genetic frequencies within the population change
4. Poorly adapted individuals do not survive
2 -> 4 -> 1 -> 3
2 -> 4 -> 3 -> 1
4 -> 1 -> 2 -> 3
4 -> 2 -> 3 -> 1
- 38. Multiple Choice
An organism’s relative fitness is measured by its
Mutation rate
Health and stability in the face of environmental change
Contribution to the gene pool of the next generation
Genetic variability
- 39. Multiple Choice
Allopatric speciation occurs when:
one population of the same species is separated geographically and can no longer interbreed.
one population of different species are separated geographically and can no longer interbreed
two populations of different species within the same geographic area share a gene pool
two populations of the same species within the same geographic area share a gene pool
- 40. Multiple Choice
Males of different species of the fruit fly Drosophila that live in the same parts of the Hawaiian Islands have different elaborate courtship rituals. These rituals involve fighting other males and making stylized movements that attract females. What type of reproductive isolation does this represent?
geographic
mechanical
behavioral
gametic
- 41. Multiple Choice
According to natural selection theory,
Adaptations beneficial in one habitat should generally be beneficial in all other habitats
Different species occupying the same habitat will adapt to that habitat by undergoing the same genetic changes
Adaptations beneficial at one time should generally be beneficial during all other times
Well-adapted individuals leave more offspring, and thus contribute more to the next generation's gene pool, than do poorly adapted individuals.
- 42. Multiple Choice
Over time, the movement of people on Earth has steadily increased. This has altered the course of human evolution by increasing
geographic isolation
gene flow
genetic drift
non-random mating
mutations
- 43. Multiple Choice
A defining characteristic of allopatric speciation is
the appearance of new species in the midst of old ones
artificial selection
asexually reproducing populations
large populations
geographic isolation
- 44. Multiple Choice
Two species of fish belonging to the same genus occasionally mate, but the offspring fail to develop and hatch. What is the mechanism for keeping the two fish species separate?
adaptation
the postzygotic barrier called hybrid breakdown
the postzygotic barrier called hybrid inviability
the prezygotic barrier called hybrid sterility
gamete isolation
- 45. Multiple Choice
If mating or breeding times, and flowering times are different this is an example of
behavioral isolation
temporal isolation
ecological isolation
mechanical isolation
postzygotic isolation
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