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- 1. Multiple Choice
What is a result of crossing over during meiosis?
genetic variation
extra chromosomes formed
loss of chromosomes
production of gametes
- 2. Multiple Choice
Which best describes polygenic traits?
traits that are always dominant to other traits
traits that are always masked by any other traits
traits that skip generations and appear in the offspring of later generations
traits that are determined by a combined effect of more than one pair of genes
- 3. Multiple Choice
Examine the Punnet square below.
What is the most likely phenotype of the two parents?
type A and B
type A and O
type A and AB
type O and AB
- 4. Multiple Choice
Which best describes a Punnett square that is used to make predictions about one trait?
dihybrid
monohybrid
pedigree chart
independent assortment
- 5. Multiple Choice
The diagram below shows a change that occurred in a pair of chromosomes during meiosis.
After fertilization, the alteration that occurred will most likely
change the number of chromosomes found in each body cell.
be passed on to every body cell that develops from the gamete.
increase the number of body cells that make up the embryo.
inhibit the growth and development of the developing embryo.
- 6. Multiple Choice
Human height, eye color, weight, and skin color are examples of which type of trait?
dominant
polygenic
recessive
sex-linked
- 7. Multiple Choice
Two children were born at the same time in a hospital. However, the identification bracelets on the children became mixed up. If Baby #1 is blood type O, what are the genotypes of the parents who produced Baby #1?
IBi and IAIB
IAIA and ii
IAi and IBi
IAIB and ii
- 8. Multiple Choice
Hemophilia is a sex-linked disorder. If a man has hemophilia and a woman is a carrier of the disorder, what percent of the offspring will have hemophilia?
25%
50%
75%
100%
- 9. Multiple Choice
Which best explains why a trait visible in one generation skips the next generation and reappears in the third generation?
The trait is caused by a dominant allele.
The trait is caused by a recessive allele.
A mutation occurs in the third generation.
A mutation occurs in the second generation.
- 10. Multiple Choice
In which way does meiosis most likelyincrease genetic variation?
It prevents crossing over from occurring.
It divides the maternal and paternal chromosomes.
It proceeds at a slower rate and allows for more mutations.
It keeps the maternal and paternal chromatids together in a cell.
- 11. Multiple Choice
What is the cause of hemophilia, a condition that impairs the ability of blood to clot?
Hemophilia is caused by a defective sickle-shaped cell.
Hemophilia is caused by a dominant gene, which produces brain cell inhibitors.
Hemophilia is caused by a recessive gene, causing a failure of a transport mechanism.
Hemophilia is caused by a recessive sex-linked genetic disorder or mutation of genes coding for proteins.
- 12. Multiple Choice
A plant that grows red flowers was crossed with the same kind of plant that grows white flowers. Their offspring grew pink flowers. Which best explains why the offspring grew pink flowers?
The offspring experienced a genetic mutation.
The offspring resulted from asexual reproduction.
The genes for flower color exhibited incomplete dominance.
A gene for pink-colored flowers was recessive in one of the parents.
- 13. Multiple Choice
The diagram represents a Punnett Square.
What are the genotypes for offspring of these parents BB X bb?
BB, BB, bb, bb
BB, Bb, Bb, Bb
BB, Bb, bb, bb
Bb, Bb, Bb, Bb
- 14. Multiple Choice
Which best describes how meiosis leads to greater genetic diversity through independent assortment?
Weak chromosomes are destroyed during meiosis.
Duplicated chromosomes create an exact copy of each chromosome.
Chromosomes split twice, forming four chromosomes that enter a separate gamete.
Chromosomes are paired dominant-dominant and recessive-recessive during metaphase.
- 15. Multiple Choice
Which most likely explains why a genetic disorder that does not appear in a family over several generations can appear in a later generation?
The trait is caused by a gene mutation.
The trait is caused by a sex-linked gene.
The trait is inherited as a dominant allele.
The trait is inherited through recessive alleles.
- 16. Multiple Choice
Which best explains why hemophilia is more common in males than in females?
Hemophilia is caused by a dominant allele.
Hemophilia only occurs in the presence of male hormones.
The hemophilia allele is located on the X chromosome, and males have only one X chromosome.
The hemophilia allele is located on the Y chromosome, and females do not have a Y chromosome.
- 17. Multiple Choice
Boys are more likely to get the sex-linked disease Fragile X syndrome than are girls. Why might this happen?
Boys are predisposed to this disease, because their mothers had the disease.
Boys are more likely to get the disease, because their fathers had the disease.
Many sex-linked diseases are recessive, and boys have two X chromosomes, therefore they are more at risk to get the disease.
Many sex-linked diseases are recessive, and boys only have the one X chromosome, therefore if they have the disease, they have no other X to cover up the mutation.
- 18. Multiple Choice
What is the purpose of a test cross?
to determine if a trait is polygenic
to determine the sex of an organism
to determine the genotype of an organism
to determine the phenotype of an organism
- 19. Multiple Choice
A man and his wife both have widow’s peaks. Their baby has a continuous hairline. Which best explains how this could happen?
Both parents have heterozygous genotypes
Both parents have homozygous dominant genotypes.
One parent is homozygous dominant, and the other is heterozygous.
One parent is homozygous dominant, and the other is homozygous recessive.
- 20. Multiple Choice
A man has a recessive genetic condition. His wife does not have this condition. However, she is a carrier. Based on this information, which Punnett square correctly predicts the probability that their children will have this genetic condition?
- 21. Multiple Choice
Fraternal twins may or may not share similar characteristics due to
independent assortment.
polygenic inheritance.
incomplete dominance.
multiple alleles.
- 22. Multiple Choice
Which term best describes traits that are found on the X chromosome, but not on the Y chromosome?
codominant alleles
sex-linked traits
polygenic traits
multiple alleles
- 23. Multiple Choice
How does crossing over contribute to greater genetic diversity?
It results in the exchange of proteins.
It produces new combinations of alleles.
It reduces the number of chromosomes in each cell.
It separates the chromosomes at the centromeres.
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