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- 1. Multiple Choice
"We will stay (in Vietnam) because a just nation cannot leave to the cruelties of its enemies a people who have staked their lives and independence on America's solemn pledge-a pledge which had grown through the commitment of three American Presidents. "We will stay because in Asia-and around the world-are countries whose independence rests, in large measure, on confidence in America's word and in American protection. To yield to force in Vietnam would weaken that confidence, would undermine the independence of many lands, and would whet the appetite of aggression. We would have to fight in one land, and then we would have to fight in another-or abandon much of Asia to the domination of Communists."
-Lyndon B. Johnson, State of the Union Message, January 12, 1966
The foreign policy position for Vietnam explained in the excerpt is most directly based on
The practice of brinkmanship.
The process of decolonization.
The belief in the domino theory.
The principle of mutually assured destruction.
- 2. Multiple Choice
In which way did Johnson most significantly depart from the policies of prior presidents?
He used U.S. troops in a combat role in Vietnam.
He attempted to negotiate with North Vietnam.
He limited the number of troops sent to Vietnam.
He turned over all decision making to the generals.
- 3. Multiple Choice
Which of the following best characterizes the position of the president's antiwar critics?
The war primarily enriched the military-industrial complex.
The conflict was primarily a civil war between factions in Vietnam.
The containment policy would not work in Asia.
Johnson did not want to look soft on Communism.
- 4. Multiple Choice
Which of the following best explains the result of the 1965 march from Selma to Montgomery?
The marchers, along with Dr. King, were jailed for civil disobedience.
Under pressure, Congress passed the most effective voting rights legislation since Reconstruction.
There was white backlash against blacks for demanding too much.
Race riots were sparked in cities across the nation.
- 5. Multiple Choice
Which of the following best reflects the loss of faith by younger African Americans in the non-violent civil rights movement after the March to Montgomery?
The events that started the Watts Riot in Los Angeles.
The conversion of Malcolm X to the Black Muslims.
The shift in tactics of SNCC under Stokely Carmichael.
The reaction to the Kerner Commission's findings on racism.
- 6. Multiple Choice
"We, men and women who hereby constitute ourselves as the National Organization for Women, believe that the time has come for a new movement toward equality for all women in America, and towards a full equal partnership of the sexes .... NOW Bill of Rights: Equal Rights Constitutional Amendment Enforce Law Banning Sex Discrimination in Employment Maternity Leave Rights in Employment and in Social Security Benefits Tax Deduction for Home and Child Care Expenses for Working Parents Child Care Centers Equal and Unsegregated Education Equal Job training Opportunities and Allowances for Women in Poverty Rights of Women to Control Their Reproductive Lives"
-National Organization for Women, June 1966
The 1966 NOW statement, although broadened during the conference, most emphasized which of the following?
Child care.
Empowerment of wives.
Job opportunities.
Reproduction rights.
- 7. Multiple Choice
Which of the following goals from the NOW Bill of Rights did the feminist movement most clearly fail to achieve?
Greater assistance with child care.
New employment opportunities.
Passage of the Equal Rights Amendment.
Increased reproductive rights.
- 8. Multiple Choice
Which of the following most clearly reflects the main argument in Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique?
Women should earn college degrees and avoid early marriages.
Women should avoid the male-dominated business world by cooperating with other businesswomen.
Women should have separate finances to protect themselves from the rising divorce rate.
Women should seek fulfillment in professional careers in addition to their roles as wives and mothers.
- 9. Multiple Choice
Questions 1-3 ref er to the excerpt below.
"Unlike some anticommunists ... I have always believed that we can and must communicate and, when possible, negotiate with Communist nations .... "There were, however, a few things in our favor. The most important and interesting was the Soviet split with China .... "It was often said that the key to a Vietnam settlement lay in Moscow and Peking rather than in Hanoi. . .. Aside from wanting to keep Hanoi from going over to Peking, Moscow had little stake in the outcome of the North Vietnamese cause, especially as it increasingly worked against Moscow's own major interests vis-a-vis the United States. While I understood that the Soviets were not entirely free agents where their support for North Vietnam was concerned, I nonetheless planned to bring maximum pressure to bear on them in this area."
-Richard Nixon, RN: Memoirs of Richard Nixon, 1978
Which of the following best explains why Nixon's foreign policy was a departure from the previous administrations'?
He was the first president willing to negotiate with Communist leaders.
He was willing to use massive bombing to force an issue.
He turned over his foreign policy to his national security adviser.
He exploited that Communism was not a unified world movement.
- 10. Multiple Choice
Nixon's bold move to open up relations with Communist China was helped most by
The support of the Communist leaders in the Soviet Union.
His long history of being a hard-line opponent of communism.
Mao Zedong's belief that the Cultural Revolution had failed.
His belief that Americans trusted China more than the Soviet Union.
- 11. Multiple Choice
Which of the following was Nixon able to negotiate as a result of his new relationship with China?
Withdrawal of Chinese troops from Vietnam.
Autonomy for Poland in Eastern Europe.
Freeze on the number of US and USSR ballistic missiles.
A peace treaty between South and North Korea.
- 12. Multiple Choice
Richard Nixon claimed that "I am not a crook," but which of the following best explains his crime?
Destroying evidence that was on the tapes.
Covering up illegal activities of his reelection campaign.
Firing the special prosecutors and his attorney general.
Lying to the grand jury during the investigation
- 13. Multiple Choice
Which best explains the role of the tapes in Nixon's fall?
Transcripts of the tapes were published in the newspapers.
The tapes used in United States v. Nixon proved that he was lying.
The tapes provided evidence that he was involved in the cover-up.
The tapes turned his closest advisers against him.
- 14. Multiple Choice
Questions 6-8 refer to the excerpt below.
"Our people are losing faith, not only in government itself but in their ability as citizens to serve as the ultimate rulers and shapers of our democracy. "We were sure that ours was a nation of the ballot, not the bullet, until the murders of John Kennedy and Robert Kennedy and Martin Luther King Jr. We were taught that our armies were always invincible and our causes were always just, only to suffer the agony of Vietnam. We respected the Presidency as a place of honor until the shock of Watergate. "We remember when the phrase 'sound as a dollar' was an expression of absolute dependability, until ten years of inflation began to shrink our dollar and our savings. We believed that our Nation's resources were limitless until 1973, when we had to face a growing dependence on foreign oil."
-Jimmy Carter, Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, 1979
Which of the following would most strongly support Carter's contention in his phrase "we were taught that our armies were always invincible"?
The secret expansion of the Vietnam War into Cambodia by Nixon.
The killing of protesters at Kent State and Jackson State Universities.
The decision by newspapers to publish the Pentagon Papers.
The defeat of South Vietnam by North Vietnam in 1975.
- 15. Multiple Choice
Why might Carter and historians consider 1973 a turning point in Americans' confidence in the economy?
Nixon devaluated the dollar by taking it off of the gold standard.
Nixon imposed a wage and price freeze to fight inflation.
The OPEC oil embargo caused runaway inflation and loss of jobs.
President Ford would not take strong measures to fight inflation.
- 16. Multiple Choice
"Our people are losing faith, not only in government itself but in their ability as citizens to serve as the ultimate rulers and shapers of our democracy. "We were sure that ours was a nation of the ballot, not the bullet, until the murders of John Kennedy and Robert Kennedy and Martin Luther King Jr. We were taught that our armies were always invincible and our causes were always just, only to suffer the agony of Vietnam. We respected the Presidency as a place of honor until the shock of Watergate. "We remember when the phrase 'sound as a dollar' was an expression of absolute dependability, until ten years of inflation began to shrink our dollar and our savings. We believed that our Nation's resources were limitless until 1973, when we had to face a growing dependence on foreign oil."
Which of the following best identifies the effect of the speech from which the above excerpt is taken?
Consumers increased their efforts to conserve energy.
Americans blamed Carter for weak and ineffective leadership.
Carter increased his approval ratings with his honesty.
The Federal Reserve raised interest rates to support the President.
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