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- 1. Multiple Choice
Which application of a new technology can be attributed to an invention of Thomas Edison?
Refrigerated railroad cars allowed food to be transported long distances.
Light bulbs made it efficient for factory workers to work at night.
Diesel engines were used in the production of airplanes.
Sonar technology was used to track submarines.
- 2. Multiple Choice
While my solutions were a little less complex than those offered by FDR, . . . I played a kind of New Deal cowboy who never hesitated to tackle many of the same problems.
—Gene Autry, country-and-western singer and actor
Why were country-and-western performers such as Gene Autry popular with U.S. radio audiences during the 1930s?
Their art related to the struggles of the period.
They shared stories of individuals who became wealthy.
They promoted work programs for rural communities.
Their art brought attention to global human rights issues.
- 3. Multiple Choice
It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion or national origin. This policy shall be put into effect as rapidly as possible, having due regard to the time required to effectuate any necessary changes without impairing efficiency or morale.
—President Harry S. Truman, Executive Order 9981, July 26, 1948
Which of the following contributed to President Truman’s decision to issue this order?
A lack of funding for veteran pensions
Declining enlistment rates during peacetime
Discrimination against minority service members
A desire to repeal the draft
- 4. Multiple Choice
Which conclusion about the U.S. economy is most supported by the information on this time line?
Government regulations prompted companies to develop alternative production techniques.
Decreased globalization prompted companies to innovate and improve existing products.
Decreased demand for new technology forced producers to reduce manufacturing costs.
Marketplace competition drove producers to innovate and improve products.
- 5. Multiple ChoiceWhat was one factor that helped turn the Great Plains into the Dust Bowl in the 1930s?Paying farmers to plant native grassesIncreased demand for tobacco after World War INumerous tornadoes occurring in the regionIntense drought in the region
- 6. Multiple Choice
How does this excerpt reflect a significant turning point in American history?
It depicts the reaction to victory in the Spanish-American War.
It portrays the changing social norms of the Jazz Age.
It describes the experiences of immigrant workers during the Gilded Age.
It details the industrial progress of the post–World War I era.
- 7. Multiple ChoiceWhat was the overall goal of U.S. military intervention in Vietnam from 1964–1973?Eliminating trade barriers between the United States and Southeast AsiaIsolating the Soviet Union by improving Chinese relations with the United StatesPromoting economic growth in the Pacific regionPreventing communism from spreading throughout Southeast Asia
- 8. Multiple Choice
Which occurrence was a result of the shift in the number of births that began in 1946?
The decline of family farming
The spread of new diseases
The growth of the suburbs
The reduction of defense spending
- 9. Multiple Choice
Tonight I want to have an unpleasant talk with you about a problem that is unprecedented in our history. With the exception of preventing war, this is the greatest challenge that our country will face during our lifetime. . . . It’s a problem that we will not be able to solve in the next few years, and it’s likely to get progressively worse through the rest of this century. . . . The oil and natural gas that we rely on for 75 percent of our energy are simply running out. In spite of increased effort, domestic production has been dropping steadily at about 6 percent a year. Imports have doubled in the last 5 years.... Unless profound changes are made to lower oil consumption, we now believe that early in the 1980s the world will be demanding more oil than it can produce.
—President Jimmy Carter, address to the nation, April 18, 1977
Which course of action did President Carter propose in order to solve this problem for the next generation?
Contract with foreign nations to build wind turbines
Reduce federal spending on solar cell energy research
Drill fewer offshore wells to conserve marine life
Develop alternative energy sources
- 10. Multiple Choice
What was the most likely result of the publication of images such as this 1906 political cartoon?
The government passed the Sherman Antitrust Act.
Private companies refused to import foreign foods.
The government passed the Pure Food and Drug Act.
Labor unions protested unsafe working conditions.
- 11. Multiple ChoiceWhich statement best explains how bank failures contributed to the Great Depression?People lost their savings because the government did not insure bank deposits.Business could not be done when President Franklin Roosevelt declared a bank holiday.The interest rates on bank loans were too high.Foreign investors did not invest enough in U.S. banks.
- 12. Multiple Choice
How did the event in this headline impact the Civil Rights movement?
The focus of the movement shifted to the struggle of migrant workers.
The movement lost credibility with the American public.
The focus of the movement shifted to protesting U.S. involvement in foreign wars.
The movement lost an important national leader.
- 13. Multiple Choice
As social conditions become more equal, the number of persons increases who, although they are neither rich enough nor powerful enough to exercise any great influence over their fellow-creatures, have nevertheless acquired or retained sufficient education and fortune to satisfy their own wants. They owe nothing to any man, they expect nothing from any man; they acquire the habit of always considering themselves as standing alone, and they are apt to imagine that their whole destiny is in their own hands.
—Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, 1835
Which American value is described in this excerpt?
Individualism
Populism
Liberty
Laissez-faire
- 14. Multiple ChoiceIn the World War II era, what was the major reason for Jewish immigration to the United States?To seek guaranteed universal suffrageTo escape famine and drought caused by natural disasterTo seek better educational opportunitiesTo escape state-sponsored genocide
- 15. Multiple Choice
How did the process shown in this photograph enhance the automobile industry?
By speeding up production of automobiles at lower costs
By requiring only licensed workers to produce the automobiles
By ensuring high-quality automobiles for consumers at higher prices
By developing new designs to test automobile safety standards
- 16. Multiple Choice
In November 1942, the National War Labor Board (NWLB) adopted the policy of “equal pay for equal work,” which had not been standard practice in industry.
What was the most likely purpose of this National War Labor Board order?
To prevent unions from discriminating against unskilled workers during the war
To weaken the “Rosie the Riveter” image for women working on the home front
To double the output of equipment needed to support U.S. troops overseas
To ensure fair treatment for women in the workplace during the war
- 17. Multiple Choice
What was the goal of the actions on this time line?
To ensure deposits into customer savings accounts
To increase government regulation of business
To end speculation in the stock market
To stabilize the national economy
- 18. Multiple Choice
This excerpt is from a book written by a Norwegian man who immigrated to the United States in the late 1800s.
Then west by train on road and route not known to us. We saw mountains, which must have been the Alleghenies, and felt much depressed. Was that America? Had we been fooled? We expected to see flat ground with no timber or boulders to clear. When we came far enough to see that kind of country our spirits rose again....
—Andreas Ueland, Recollections of an Immigrant
These immigrants were relieved when they saw the type of land they were expecting because they —
hoped to establish farms
wanted to build factories
planned to mine for gold
wanted to work for the railroad
- 19. Multiple Choice
Which challenges prompted New York City to take these actions?
Increasing threats to large urban areas by foreign and domestic terrorism
A widening gap in income levels between socioeconomic groups in society
Escalating costs of providing health care and social services for senior citizens
Aging infrastructure and pollution caused by high population density
- 20. Multiple ChoiceHow did Bill Gates earn the title “World’s Richest Man”?By creating social media sitesBy investing in global satellite communicationsBy developing computer softwareBy creating innovations in cell phone technology
- 21. Multiple Choice
Which organizations correctly complete this table?
- 22. Multiple Choice
II. Absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas, outside territorial waters, alike in peace and in war, except as the seas may be closed in whole or in part by international action for the enforcement of international covenants.
—President Woodrow Wilson, Fourteen Points
Which of the causes underlying World War I was this provision of the Fourteen Points intended to prevent?
Nationalism and militarism
Blockades and unrestricted submarine warfare
Secret treaties and alliances
Imperialism and self-determination
- 23. Multiple Choice
Skateboarding started in the late 1940s and early 1950s. California surfers wanted to find a way to surf when the water was calm. The modern skateboard originated from attaching wheels to simple wooden boards that resembled surfboards.
Which of the following developments is best illustrated by this information?
Diffusion of American popular culture
Growth of American student exchange programs
Establishment of cultural imperialism
Expansion of affirmative action
- 24. Multiple ChoiceWhat was the most important diplomatic effect of the Declaration of Independence for the United States?It allowed foreign governments to officially recognize the United States.It forced Great Britain to trade with the United States.It required Great Britain to pay war reparations to the United States.It allowed the United States to establish immigration quotas.
- 25. Multiple Choice
What role did the Supreme Court play in this declaration?
The court ruled Florida’s use of butterfly ballots violated the Equal Protection Clause.
The court ruled on the constitutionality of the vote recount in Florida.
The court determined that campaign contributions are forms of free speech.
The court ruled that requiring literacy tests to vote was unconstitutional.
- 26. Multiple Choice
In 1884 Toynbee Hall was founded in a poor neighborhood in London. The primary mission of Toynbee Hall was to offer services to those in need, but it also gave university students first-hand experience with the effects of poverty. This allowed the students to develop practical solutions to further assist people in need. Many reformers in the United States soon adopted this model.
This model was evident in the United States through the works of —
Frances Willard and her support of the temperance movement
A. Philip Randolph and his protests during World War II
Jane Addams and her programs for new immigrants
Eugene V. Debs and his establishment of the American Railway Union
- 27. Multiple ChoiceWhich action caused the United States to engage in a “police action” on the Korean Peninsula in 1950?The collapse of South Korea’s democratic governmentThe assassination of North Korea’s political leaderSouth Korea’s blockade of North KoreaNorth Korea’s invasion of South Korea
- 28. Multiple Choice
Which technological advancement was developed in installations near these cities during World War II?
Long-range submarines
Radio navigation
Atomic bombs
Jet engines
- 29. Multiple ChoiceThe Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor developed in response to the —increased need to protect worker interestsdecreased power of political machinesincreased demand for skilled workersdecreased profitability of the agricultural sector
- 30. Multiple Choice
What was the most likely topic of discussion between these men?
Limiting the power of major railroad companies
Creating alternative maritime shipping routes
Designating additional land as national parks
Reducing the influence of environmental lobbyists
- 31. Multiple Choice
________________: A term that originated during President Lyndon Johnson’s administration to describe the perception of a discrepancy between public statements and actual policies.
Which term completes this definition?
Hawk mentality
Credibility gap
Living-room war
Flexible response
- 32. Multiple Choice
How did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 contribute to the changes shown in this table?
It helped reduce voter discrimination at polling sites.
It increased state revenues associated with poll taxes.
It contributed to increased involvement of lobbyists in political campaigns.
It helped voters determine educational policy based on literacy test results.
- 33. Multiple ChoiceWhat was one economic effect of the Spanish–American War?Shipbuilding industries in the United States declined.New free and fair trade treaties were established between the United States and developing countries.The United States gained direct access to additional natural resources and overseas markets.Demand for coal and petroleum as energy sources declined.
- 34. Multiple Choice
Who is the recipient of this award?
Frances Perkins
Hillary Clinton
Sandra Day O’Connor
Barbara Jordan
- 35. Multiple Choice
Which of the following was implemented in 1913 to solve these problems?
Each state held party conventions in order to select senators.
A national referendum was held to standardize the procedures for selecting senators.
Open primaries were used to limit the choices of senators who could be confirmed by state legislatures.
A constitutional amendment was ratified that required senators to be elected directly by popular vote.
- 36. Multiple ChoiceHow did the Brown v. Board of Education decision influence the Civil Rights movement?By discouraging activists from relying on the judicial systemBy guaranteeing scholarships to minority college studentsBy providing a judicial basis for achieving equality in other areasBy eliminating social barriers associated with hiring practices
- 37. Multiple Choice
Which factor facilitated statehood for the darker–shaded areas?
The introduction of barbed wire throughout the Great Plains
The expansion of railway lines throughout the West
The acceptance of Mormons by other religious sects in the East
The peaceful integration of settlers with American Indian populations
- 38. Multiple Choice
The great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations is in extending our commercial relations, to have with them as little political connection as possible. So far as we have already formed engagements, let them be fulfilled with perfect good faith. Here let us stop. Europe has a set of primary interests which to us have none; or a very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversies, the causes of which are essentially foreign to our concerns.
—George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796
Which group followed the advice given in this address?
Expansionists during the Spanish-American War
Isolationists regarding the Treaty of Versailles after World War I
Hawks in Congress during the Vietnam War
Civil libertarians in Congress after the start of the War on Terror
- 39. Multiple ChoiceIn the late 1800s, Sanford B. Dole contributed to the expansion of the United States by advocating the annexation of —Puerto Ricothe Panama Canal ZoneHawaiithe Philippines
- 40. Multiple Choice
In the spring of 1882, the Chinese Exclusion Act was passed by Congress and signed by President Chester A. Arthur. This act provided an absolute 10-year moratorium on Chinese labor immigration. . . . When the exclusion act expired in 1892, Congress extended it for 10 years in the form of the Geary Act.
—“Chinese Exclusion Act (1882),” National Archives and Records Administration, www.ourdocuments.gov (accessed August 31, 2013)
What was the main reason given for the creation of these restrictions?
Preventing the depletion of natural resources
Discouraging anti-American activism
Reducing competition for U.S. jobs
Addressing a lack of urban housing
- 41. Multiple Choice
How did this treaty contribute to the end of the Cold War?
By reducing tensions associated with the threat of nuclear war
By providing an exchange of weapons for war hostages
By allowing secret weapons technologies to be shared
By establishing an official cease-fire
- 42. Multiple Choice
These gasoline rationing stamps were printed beginning in January 1974, but were never used. Which situation led the U.S. government to print these coupons?
The economic collapse of the Soviet Union caused by increased defense spending
A shortage of consumer goods following the end of a global conflict
Economic deflation caused by increased trade globalization
An embargo organized by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
- 43. Multiple Choice
Innovations in which industry will most likely make this kind of surgery possible?
Robotics
Aeronautics
Chemistry
Nursing
- 44. Multiple ChoiceHow did the Nineteenth Amendment expand the democratic process?By prohibiting discrimination in voting on the basis of raceBy eliminating the poll taxBy prohibiting discrimination in voting on the basis of genderBy lowering the voting age
- 45. Multiple Choice
Which industry is most responsible for these quality–of–life improvements?
Communications
Aerospace
Medical research
Transportation
- 46. Multiple Choice
It was during the First World War that a silent pilgrimage took its first steps within the borders of this country. . . . It would not end until the 1970s. . . . Over the course of six decades, some six million black southerners left the land of their forefathers and fanned out across the country for an uncertain existence in nearly every other corner of America....
—Isabel Wilkerson, The Warmth of Other Suns: The Epic Story of America’s Great Migration, 2010
What was a primary reason for the demographic shift described in this excerpt?
Increased demand for sharecroppers in the North
Limited economic opportunities for African Americans in the South
Increased availability of manufactured goods in the North
A lack of educational institutions for African Americans in the South
- 47. Multiple Choice
Which similarity completes this Venn diagram?
Included debate over the use of line-item veto
Violated the principle of due process
Involved debate over the extent of executive and legislative authority
Deemed unconstitutional by the judicial branch
- 48. Multiple ChoiceWhat prompted the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) to target the “Hollywood Ten”?Support for American isolationism in the years leading up to World War IIIncreased political pressure from racial groups regarding civil rights legislationGrowing anxiety related to the economic effects of the Great DepressionFear of communist infiltration within the American entertainment industry
- 49. Multiple Choice
What was the purpose of this type of Office of War Information poster?
To provide jobs to unemployed artists during an economic crisis
To help the public understand its role in national security
To encourage young men to join the war effort
To protect civil liberties during times of national emergency
- 50. Multiple Choice
Which two amendments should replace the question marks in this excerpt?
Fifth Amendment and Eighth Amendment
Third Amendment and Seventh Amendment
First Amendment and Fourth Amendment
Second Amendment and Sixth Amendment
- 51. Multiple ChoiceWhat was the reaction of many Americans to the Watergate scandal?Confidence in the presidential selection processSupport for the containment of communismDiscontent over the antiwar and civil rights protestsCynicism about government and elected politicians
- 52. Multiple Choice
The attack took place on American soil, but it was an attack on the heart and soul of the civilized world. And the world has come together to fight a new and different war, the first, and we hope the only one, of the 21st century. A war against all those who seek to export terror, and a war against those governments that support or shelter them.
—President George W. Bush, news conference, October 11, 2001
Which event prompted this speech by President Bush?
The attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon
The attack on the USS Cole
The mail-bombing campaign of the Unabomber
The bombing of a federal building in Oklahoma City
- 53. Multiple ChoiceWhat was one effect of the arrival of the American Expeditionary Forces in Europe during World War I?Italy left the Central powers alliance.The heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne was assassinated in Sarajevo.The Allies were able to launch a major counterattack on the western front.Russian forces were able to withdraw from the eastern front.
- 54. Multiple Choice
What was a result of the social problems presented in this 1917 political cartoon?
Government leaders introduced health-care reform laws.
Lobbyists focused attention on the power of corporate monopolies.
Women worked to improve conditions in tenement houses.
Progressives worked to ratify a prohibition amendment.
- 55. Multiple ChoiceIn 1919, Charles Schenck was charged with violating the Espionage Act. The Supreme Court ruled that Schenck's actions created a “clear and present danger.” How did the decision in this case affect the rights of U.S. citizens?By establishing restrictions on the right to voteBy protecting the freedoms of religious minoritiesBy placing limits on freedom of expressionBy protecting the rights of accused persons
- 56. Multiple Choice
Which action replaces the question mark on this cause-and-effect diagram?
implements an embargo against Japan
sends ground troops to fight the Chinese
bans the sale of weapons to China
appeases Japanese demands for new territory
- 57. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following was a significant effect of New Deal legislation?Income tax rates fell to historic lows.The federal government took on new roles.The regulation of intrastate trade was transferred to the states.States became the sole enforcers of immigration law.
- 58. Multiple Choice
This legislation affected how federal employees were hired. The law now required government jobs to be —
based on the political party affiliation of the applicant
determined by a merit system based on civil service examinations
based on the approval of lawmakers
set aside for business executives of large corporations
- 59. Multiple Choice
We claim for ourselves every single right that belongs to a freeborn American, political, civil and social; and until we get these rights we will never cease to protest and assail the ears of America. The battle we wage is not for ourselves alone but for all true Americans.
—W. E. B. Du Bois, Niagara Movement Address to the Country, 1906
How did the ideas presented in this address affect the early Civil Rights movement in the United States?
By encouraging African Americans to achieve equality through vocational education
By directly supporting Marcus Garvey’s Black Star Steamship Line
By encouraging African Americans to accept Jim Crow laws
By forming the basis for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
- 60. Multiple Choice
Which New Deal agency was created to specifically serve this population?
Federal Housing Administration
Securities and Exchange Commission
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Social Security Administration
- 61. Multiple ChoiceWhich action is prohibited under provisions of Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972?A principal refuses to organize athletic events and programs for female sports teams.The funding for a music program is cut because of declining tax revenues.A teacher attempts to organize a charity basketball game for faculty and students.The staffing for a foreign language class is reduced due to lack of interest.
- 62. Multiple Choice
What were photographs such as this one taken by Lewis Hine primarily intended to accomplish?
Encourage leaders to make segregation in schools illegal
Document labor conditions during an economic crisis
Depict the evils of capitalism in communist propaganda
Focus attention on the need for child labor reforms
- 63. Multiple Choice
Lacrosse gained popularity . . . in the mid-nineteenth century... [in] the urban areas of New York, Philadelphia, and especially Baltimore and Annapolis. Advent of the synthetic stick and conversion of the field to a hockey-like box . . . in the 1930s made lacrosse even more popular. . . . Sporadically disappearing and reappearing, today the old native game enjoys a record following. Organized professional leagues have surfaced during the past two decades, and college intramural and varsity lacrosse, which have long thrived in the northeast, are established at state universities across the South and West.
—Anthony Aveni, Colonial Williamsburg Journal, 2010
A student could use this excerpt in a paper about the —
challenges of preserving American Indian traditional clothing
movement to reform American Indian schools
contributions of American Indians to U.S. culture
pressure on American Indians to assimilate
- 64. Multiple Choice
Which action completes this cause-and-effect diagram?
Banks lower interest rates
Elected leaders lower tariff rates
Companies lay off employees
Labor unions demand higher wages
- 65. Multiple ChoiceWhat important military contribution did Navajo Code Talkers make during World War II?They were part of a volunteer group of U.S. pilots that defended China from Japanese aggression.They were one of the groups that transmitted secret military information in the Pacific Theater.They were among the first black servicemen to fly as military aviators in the U.S. armed forces.They were members of the tank division that helped liberate France after the invasion of Normandy.
- 66. Multiple Choice
Which box lists characteristics of the 1960s?
- 67. Multiple Choice
Which action best explains the differences shown in these photographs?
The United States gave economic assistance through the Marshall Plan.
The United States and the Soviet Union created an alliance after World War II.
U.S. leaders created the United Nations.
The Soviet Union established the “Iron Curtain” after World War II.
- 68. Multiple ChoiceWhich action is the best example of a civic responsibility?Writing an editorial piece for a newspaperVolunteering to sell raffle ticketsVoting on election dayOpening a business
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