76 questions
Why did Virginia replace indentured servants with African Slaves?
It was required by law.
Africa was closer than Europe.
Africans were more willing to work.
It provided a permanent source of labor.
What did the New England colonies have in common?
They were self-governing.
They were settled by Puritans.
They provided financial security.
They provided religious freedom.
Which of these colonies were motivated by making profit?
Virginia
Connecticut
Pennsylvania
Massachusetts
How did Roger William's colony of Rhode Island differ from the Puritan colony of Massachusetts?
Enslaved people were made free
Only religious men were allowed to vote
American Indians were considered enemies
People of different religious beliefs were welcomed
The theory that a nation's power comes from trade and one country make the majority of the money off of the other participants is
Navigation
Colonialism
Mercantilism
Balance of trade
After Enlightenment ideas spread through Europe, where did they spread?
North America
India
Asia
Africa
Why do people in a society give up some of their freedom?
to gain protection for their liberty, property, rights and freedom.
to gain the power to choose laws.
to gain protection for their leader.
to gain the power to rule their country with liberty, property, rights, and freedom.
What does the government of a society have the responsibility to do for its citizens?
protect their liberty, property, rights and life.
create laws that reflect the will of minorities
create laws that reflect the will of majorities
protect the leaders from the people
________ is an economic system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners rather than by the government.
Capitalism
Mercantilism
Natural Rights
Popular Sovereignty
taxation without representation
_________ is the removal of information considered harmful.
censorship
salon
popular sovereignty
enlightenment
What was the connection between the discoveries of the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment?
Discoveries of the Scientific Revolution showed that laws governed the natural world. Enlightenment thinkers believed that natural laws governed human society and government.
The Scientific Revolution saw an in crease in the use of reason. Enlightenment thinkers saw the damage that caused and moved worked to move away from reason and logic.
The Enlightenment thinkers looked back at the discoveries of the Scientific Revolution and realized that although the discoveries were considered facts, there were many flaws in the logic used to make such discoveries.
The Enlightenment thinkers felt that the people of the Scientific Revolution had discovered universal truth. They wanted to emulate that by helping all people become closer to God.
The spread of Christianity, acquisition of wealth, and new navigational technologies. What do all of these have in common?
Effects of the Renaissance
Consequences of the Crusades
Factors contributing to the Chinese Isolation
Factors contributing to European Exploration
An almost immediate cause of the Reformation included-
Erasmus' publishing of "The Praise of Folly"
Martin Luther's posting of the Ninety-five Theses
John Calvin's establishment of a theocracy in Geneva
Henry VIII's plea to Pope Clement for an annulment.
Montesquieu's ideas influenced early leaders of the USA to create a government characterized by-
an amendment process
a separation of powers
political rights for women
a powerful executive branch
_______________ greatly admired the physiocrats. In his influential work "The Wealth of Nations" he argued that the free market should be allowed.
Adam Jones
Adam Smith
John Locke
John Le Fellon
NONE OF THE ABOVE
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Thomas Jefferson (Declaration of Independence)
2. The excerpt above illustrates which key Enlightenment idea?
Natural Rights
Due Process
Social Contract
Separation of power
Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.--That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government.... Thomas Jefferson (Declaration of Independence)
1. The excerpt above illustrates which key Enlightenment idea?
Natural Rights
Due Process
Social Contract
Separation of power
For each of the following examples say if it is an example or non-example of Absolutism.
Like King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella before him, King Phillip II of Spain centralized royal power, making all parts of the government responsible to him. He had complete authority over the government and the lives of the people during his reign from 1556 to 1598. He believed that his authority to rule came directly from God. As a result he saw himself as the guardian of the Catholic Church and made it his personal responsibility to defend the Catholic Reformation. He used his control of the Spanish army and navy to impose the Inquisition against Protestants and heretics. Without representation, the small middle class was heavily taxed by Phillip to fund his wars and build the Armada.
An example of Absolutism
A non-example of Absolutism
For each of the following examples say if it is an example or non-example of Absolutism.
In 1689 King William and Queen Mary became the monarchs of England. Before they were crowned, they accepted the English Bill of Rights which required the monarchy to work with Parliament to govern the country. The monarchs were required to regularly call on Parliament to meet and lost their power to suspend laws. The responsibility of coordinating the country’s finances and power to tax were given to the lower house of Parliament, known as the House of Commons.
An example of Absolutism
A non-example of Absolutism
For each of the following examples say if it is an example or non-example of Absolutism.
According to the Mandate from Heaven, the right to rule China is granted by Heaven. The Chinese believed that since there was only one Heaven, there could be only one ruler. Chinese emperors that were part of the Han dynasty referred to themselves as Sons of Heaven, and commanded respect from all their subjects. Chinese law dictated that the emperor’s position could not be challenged by anyone. Emperors handpicked governors and officials in order to centralize their authority and spread their power. Each emperor served as head of state and commander of the army. They chose whether or not to listen to advisors, but had no legislative body to monitor imperial power or prevent abuse
An example of Absolutism
A non-example of Absolutism
For each of the following examples say if it is an example or non-example of Absolutism.
After a journey to Western Europe, Peter the Great decided to modernize Russia. To impose his will he became the most autocratic of Europe’s monarchs, believing that his right to rule as Tsar came from God. He centralized his power and brought all Russians under his control, including the Russian Orthodox Church. Peter forced the most powerful nobles, known as boyars, to serve in either the military or state government. Peasants and serfs were required to become soldiers or work on roads, canals, and other government projects. He improved the technology, education and the military of Russia, but in the process tortured and executed thousands of people who challenged his power from 1682 to 1725.
An example of Absolutism
A non-example of Absolutism
Use the 3 brief excerpts below to answer the question.
Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes, 1651: In this book, he wrote that in the earliest days there was no government. Instead, those who were the strongest could take control and use their power at any time over others. Hobbes' theory was that the people mutually agreed to create a state, only giving it enough power to provide protection of their well-being. However, in Hobbes' theory, once the power was given to the state, the people then relinquished any right to that power.
Second Treatise of Government, John Locke, 1689: He stressed the role of the individual. He also believed that revolution was not just a right but an obligation if the state abused their given power.
Principles of Political Right, Rousseau, 1762: He explained that the government is based on the idea of popular sovereignty. Thus the will of the people as a whole gives power and direction to the state.
The above chart shows the evolution of what Enlightenment concept?
Separation of Church and State.
Due Process
Social Contract
Unalienable Rights
Natural rights can also be called:
Normal rights
Enlightenment Rights
Unalienable Rights
Social Contract Rights
Traditionally, a government protected citizens from foreign invaders, but the government also had absolute authority over the people. A king ruled his citizens whether they consented or not. To Enlightenment thinkers, this was unacceptable. Enlightenment thinkers believed that governments had a responsibility to hold up their end of the social contract. If a government failed, then citizens would no longer agree to be governed and they would have the right to revolt. This idea is known as:
Natural Rights
Republicanism
Consent of the Governed
State of Nature
Who was Louis XIV?
This man promoted Westernization campaigns to make his country more European
This man demonstrated absolutism by building Versailles as a way of distracting the French nobility
This man believed that humans were naturally good and would not need a large government to rule over them.
This man did not believe that the average person was intelligent enough to participate in government, which led him to believe that an enlightened monarchy was best.
Who was Peter the Great?
This man promoted Westernization campaigns to make his country more European
This man demonstrated absolutism by building the city Versailles as a way of distracting the French nobility
This man didn't believe that the average person was intelligent enough to participate in government, which led him to believe that enlightened monarchy was best
This man thought that humans were naturally greedy and chaotic and would need a large government to control them
King Louis XIV said, "I am the state." Where did he feel his place was in the French government?
He felt he was the entire government
He felt he was in charge because he was head of the executive branch.
He felt he was a part of the government
He felt he had no place in government
Who were a part of the 1st estate?
Nobles
Clergy
Commoners
Peasants
Who made up the 2nd estate?
Clergy
Nobles
Commoners
English
Who made up the 3rd Estate?
Clergy
Nobles
Commoners
Russians
How did Catherine the Great of Russia apply Enlightenment ideas?
She wanted the surfs to remember that they were lower class citizens who did not have a right to equal protection.
Her reforms gave equal protection to all Russians.
Her reforms were focused on closing schools.
She wanted to remind people that they were tied to their lord's land.
How did the ideas of Enlightenment thinkers such as Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau influence the forms of government that exist today?
Their ideas contributed to the creation of modern democracy.
They helped to bring about unlimited governments.
Their ideas influenced people around the world by making them demand despots as rulers.
They encouraged people to obey their rulers. They did this through writing and debate