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15 questions
The cognitive model assumes that three specific information processing stages occur in the following order
environment selection, stimulus identification and brain response.
stimulus identification, response selection and response programming.
brain response, stimulus identification and environment selection.
response programming, stimulus identification and response selection.
Learning in the associative stage of Fitts and Posner’s model is best characterised by
rapid improvements in performance.
high attentional demand.
some inconsistency in terms of accuracy and success.
the development of a rough mental plan.
Researchers believe that autonomous learners demonstrate significantly fewer errors in a dual tasking environment because
they are able to focus their attention more effectively on other sources of information.
they have high attentional demands informing their decisions in the game.
their motor learning is complete and doesn't require further adaptation.
their practice is made easier by reducing the number of dual tasks.
Rate limiters include
transfer of learning from one activity to another.
dynamic systems informing movement.
cognitive psychology strategies which inform learning of a new skill.
individual, task and environment.
Assisting learners in the Fitts and Posner cognitive stage is characterised by
providing accurate demonstrations of the whole movement.
providing the learner with lots of different instructions to assist their understanding.
allowing time for the learner to experience only small parts of the movement they are learning.
teaching the skill in isolation, with no transfer of learning, to enable rapid improvements in performance.
Distributed practice is generally more effective in improving performance when:
the learner is in the cognitive stage of learning.
the energy demands and intensity of the task are low.
motivation levels in the learner are high.
the nature of the task is challenging and engaging.
Task simplification requires
part-practice of a specialised movement sequence.
simplification of the performance environment.
skill practice without an opponent.
markers or cones to indicate the performance environment.
Random practice, compared to blocked practice
is most effective when learners are in the cognitive stage.
allows learners to solely focus on the requirements of the task.
establishes a basic movement pattern of the task for the learner to understand.
provides an environment more closely resembling an authentic situation in a game.
Representative practice should include
uncontested dribbling of a soccer ball through a series of markers.
the unpredictable demands of the performance environment
at least 10 000 hours of practice.
performance changes in response to a teammate's movements.
Extrinsic feedback includes
auditory, touch and kinaesthetic feedback.
digital capture of performance by the coach.
knowledge of results and knowledge of performance.
self-generated feedback from the coach to the learner.
The term ‘mass’ refers to
the weight of an object, expressed in grams (g).
the amount of matter contained in an object.
e force known as gravity, which is constant.
the direction of force applied to an object to cause it to move.
An eccentric force
causes a body to rotate and translate around a pivot point.
is applied to the position known as the centre of gravity.
is a linear force, which causes a movement.
changes as the body adopts different position in movement.
The base of support
determines the balance and stability of an object.
should be linear to maintain stability of an object.
is described as the area beneath an object that makes contact with the supporting surface.
maintains its position if acted on by a force, because the body is stable.
The centre of gravity
is the point where the entire weight of the body is concentrated.
is evenly distributed in all movement types.
remains in the same position, even though the body changes position during movement.
moves in a parabolic pathway during movement.
Action and reaction
is described in Newton's First Law of Motion.
is created by force exerted in the same direction.
is created by forces equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
is created by forces equal in direction and opposite in magnitude.
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