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- 1. Multiple Choice
A farmer has a steeply sloping pasture that is eroding. Which is the BEST option to stop the immediate erosion of the topsoil?
Increase the amount of vegetation on the sloping pasture.
Plant trees and shrubs at the bottom of the sloping pasture.
Increase the soil thickness by adding five inches of sandy soil.
Increase the organic content of the topsoil by adding earthworms.
- 2. Multiple ChoiceIn a particular region, abundant growth of grasses covers the flat land surface. If overgrazing removes most of this vegetation, which weather phenomenon is MOST likely to occur?hail stormsrain stormsdust stormssnow storms
- 3. Multiple Choice
Rocks can be classified many different ways, including as igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary. This classification is based on the
origin of the rocks.
use of the rocks.
size of the rocks.
hardness of the rocks.
- 4. Multiple Choice
The sediments found in a riverbed are MOST likely a result of which action on nearby rock?
heat
faulting
pressure
weathering
- 5. Multiple Choice
Most sedimentary rock is made from sediments of other rock. Which of these processes would the sediments MOST likely go through to form sedimentary rock?
compaction and cementation
folding and recrystallization
melting and solidifying
heating and pressure
- 6. Multiple ChoiceA rock formation in a land area contains fossils. Over time, tremendous heat and pressurechange the formation to produce a harder rock formation without fossils. Which change in rock type has occurred in this land area?Igneous rock has turned into sedimentary rock.Igneous rock has turned into metamorphic rock.Sedimentary rock has turned into igneous rock.Sedimentary rock has turned into metamorphic rock.
- 7. Multiple Choice
Why are fossils rarely found in metamorphic or igneous rock?
Chemicals toxic to living organisms are released during formation of these rocks.
Heat and pressure are great enough to destroy the structure of fossils found in these rocks.
Decay of radioactive isotopes changes the fossils into a different rock structure.
Intense magnetic fields found where these rocks form keep organisms from living there.
- 8. Multiple ChoiceWhat is the name of the process in which igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are converted into one another in stages?rock cycleerosion cyclemagma cycletectonic cycle
- 9. Multiple ChoiceMarta was studying a diagram of the rock cycle. She wanted to know what could cause a sedimentary rock to become a metamorphic rock. Which processes must occur in order for a sedimentary rock to change into a metamorphic rock?compaction and cementationheating and pressuremelting and coolinguplift and erosion
- 10. Multiple Choice
Coal is solid rock that began as organic material that was deposited in a swamp. The formation of coal suggests that
coal is made mostly of skeletal remains of animals.
coal is formed from magma that has solidified over time.
it quickly becomes petrified when water is removed.
geologic processes continue over millions of years.
- 11. Multiple ChoiceIn the Four Corners area of the southwestern United States, there are large rocky outcroppings of basalt. These were formed by ancient lava flows. Using this information, what class of rock is this?metamorphicsedimentaryigneousweathered
- 12. Multiple Choice
In order for rocks to be classified as igneous, the rocks must
solidify at the surface of Earth.
be eroded and deposited in layers.
be formed from magma.
change form when pressure is applied.
- 13. Multiple Choice
According to the rock cycle, when liquid magma cools into a solid, what is formed?
lava
glaciers
igneous rock
metamorphic rock
- 14. Multiple Choice
The Sphinx in Egypt has been changed by abrasive desert sands. Which process has MOST likely helped in breaking down the surface of the Sphinx?
cementation
deposition
faulting
weathering
- 15. Multiple ChoiceCracks in rocks widen as water in them freezes and thaws. How does this affect the surface of the Earth?It reduces the rates of soil formation.It changes the chemical composition of the rocks.It exposes rocks to increased rates of erosion and weathering.It limits the exposure of rocks to acid precipitation.
- 16. Multiple Choice
A group of students is taking a hike along a stream channel. One student picks up a rock from the stream and notices that the rock is very smooth and round. Which type of weathering MOST likely shaped the rock?
abrasion
exfoliation
fracturing
oxidation
- 17. Multiple Choice
The roots of a plant can grow through cracks in a driveway, eventually causing the driveway to break. Which kind of process would be taking place?
erosion
exfoliation
weathering
sedimentation
- 18. Multiple Choice
Fences are put along some beaches. For which reason are the fences MOST likely placed along beaches?
to increase water erosion
to prevent wind erosion
to increase weathering
to prevent deposition
- 19. Multiple Choice
In what way can forest fires affect the lithosphere?
increasing soil erosion
causing air pollution
increasing seismic activity
causing violent dust storms
- 20. Multiple Choice
What is the MOST likely cause of the shape of the rock formation in the photograph?
weathering
volcanic action
earthquake compaction
tectonic plate movement
- 21. Multiple ChoiceWhich is the BEST evidence that rocks found deep underground were once exposed at the surface?The rocks have been melted by a magma.The rocks have been broken by faults.The rocks have been weathered by water.The rocks have been folded by pressure.
- 22. Multiple Choice
Two processes are involved in the formation of a sand dune. Which two processes BEST describe how a sand dune forms?
wind erosion then deposition
plate movement then deposition
wind erosion then water erosion
water erosion then plate movement
- 23. Multiple ChoiceWhich process accounts for the expansion and contraction of rocks?mechanical weatheringorganic decompositionabrasion resistanceheat conduction
- 24. Multiple ChoiceStudents notice after a rain that a construction site showed more pebbles and small rocks exposed on a sloped surface than on a level area which was covered with sand and mud. The BEST explanation for this is that therocks had not weathered into sand and mud on the level area.rain moved sand and mud away from the rocks on the sloped surface.sand and mud are generally found in low places on level areas.rocks prevent soil from eroding from the slope.
- 25. Multiple Choice
Which of these BEST describes how the surface of a beach is formed?
mechanical weathering
chemical weathering
mass movement
volcanic eruption
- 26. Multiple ChoiceWhich of these is the BEST example of physical weathering?insects eating a dead treea bulldozer pushing soilice fracturing a stoneacid rain dissolving limestone
- 27. Multiple Choice
Which is more likey to prevent mass-movement events?
constructing buildings in stream drainage paths
clear-cutting trees from the side of a mountain
paving roads next to sloping hills
contour plowing of crop areas
- 28. Multiple Choice
How does the replacement of large land areas with concrete and asphalt affect the land?
It changes the bedrock of underlying layers of soil.
It prevents the dynamics of the rock cycle.
It increases the amount of groundwater in porous rock.
It increases erosion of sediments by increasing runoff.
- 29. Multiple Choice
Which one of these is farming methods that does NOT conserve soil?
Clear Cutting Forest
Terracing
Better Grazing practices
Crop Rotation
- 30. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following does NOT trigger mass movement?Growth of native vegetation on slopesFormation of overly steep slopesSaturation of surface materials with waterVibration of the ground during an earthquake
- 31. Multiple ChoiceWhich one of these is the slowest type of mass movement?Rock SlideSlumpMudflowCreep
- 32. Multiple ChoiceWhich one of these is the most common type of Mechanical Weathering?AbrasionOxidationHydrolysisCarbonation
- 33. Multiple Choice
Glaciers are best defined as...
A very hard white rock
A giant ice cube
A giant slow-moving river of ice
A small continent
- 34. Multiple ChoiceIn which mass movement process do rock fragments fall freely through the air?CreepRock FallSlumpMudflow
- 35. Multiple Choice
Which is a type of Chemical Weathering?
Ice-Wedging
Abrasion
Plant root growth
Oxidation
- 36. Multiple ChoiceThe weathering of landforms depends on various factors. Which area would most likely have the fastest rate of chemical weathering?Freezing and dry regionsWarm and moist regionsCool and dry regionsHot and dry regions
- 37. Multiple Choice
Formation of soil is primarily a result of
Stream erosion and mass movement
Stream deposition and run-off
Precipitation and wind erosion
Weathering and biological activity
- 38. Multiple ChoiceWhat is the soil type that is primarily found on the east coast of the United States?PedocalPedalfurLateritePedelmere
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