least-developed countries

demography

arable land

infrastructure

age structure

life expectancy

survivorship

demography

arable land

demographic transition

infrastructure

urbanization

demography

demographic transition

infrastructure

urbanization

adequate sewage treatment facilities for growing populations

very rapid growth of large cities

sufficient fuelwood

both a and b

In preindustrial societies, birth rates are low and the population grows rapidly.

When the average number of children born to each woman falls, the total population always increases.

When birth rates and death rates are both high, the population grows slowly, if at all.

Death rates rise in the third stage of the demographic transition.

the Industrial Revolution

a combination of high birth rates and lowered death rates.

improvements in societal infrastructure and services.

All of the above

weak or developing economies

death rates that far exceed birth rates

societal conditions that favor smaller families

populations with a high proportion of young people.

Wood is used in place of money to buy food.

Fuelwood allows people to purify their water by boiling it.

Excess wood is used to construct shantytowns.

People cut down trees faster than they can grow.

increases

decreases

remains the same

is zero

increased in both more-developed and less-developed countries

increased in more-developed and decreased in less-developed countries.

decreased in both more-developed and less-developed countries.

decreased in more-developed and increased in less-developed countries.

Limiting education for women

Public advertising

Economic incentives

Legal punishments

survivorship, migration, life expectancy, and replacement structure.

life expectancy, age structure, fertility rate, and migration.

replacement rate, fertility rate, age rates, and survivorship.

age structure, survivorship, fertility rate, and migration.

members of a population who are between 5 and 11 years old.

the ratio of males to females in a population.

the amount of population change due to immigration or emigration.

the ratio of older people to younger people in a population.