Manufacturing activities had come to dominate the South by 1840.

The North grew cotton and other crops for factories in the West and South.

The Northeast became the center of manufacturing while the South grew cash crops like cotton.

Trading whiskey and processed foods became more important in the West than other trading activities in the North or South.

An increase in the slave population led to a sharp decline in cotton production.

Increasing cotton production led to an increased demand for slave labor.

Cotton production and the growth of the slave population in the United States were unrelated.

The invention of the cotton gin in 1793 led to a decline in the demand for slave labor to clean raw cotton by hand.

Increased jobs in manufacturing and transportation led people to move to cities.

The larger acreage under cultivation led people to move from urban to rural areas.

The Civil War destroyed the economy of the South, leading to a shift of population.

The federal government passed legislation encouraging people to settle the Great Plains.

African Americans in the North moved South.

People moved from rural areas to cities to find jobs.

Urban residents left cities to find jobs in agriculture.

Large numbers of settlers in the West moved back East.

the spread of cotton cultivation across the Deep South

the dispute over the extension of slavery to western territories

the construction of canals and railroad lines

the removal of American Indians from the Southeast

Americans became more dependent on importing manufactured goods from France.

New England lost its lead in shipbuilding after the destruction of the American fleet during the war.

The settlement of the West was slowed down because of the peace settlement with England.

Northern manufacturers greatly increased their production of textiles, which could not be imported from England during the war.

Some helped build the Erie Canal and lay the first railroad tracks; others entered public service such as city government and the police force.

They started the first English-speaking colonies, built large plantations, and introduced the cultivation of cash crops such as sugar and cotton.

They introduced the first kindergartens, started local orchestras, excelled at baking and brewing, and were famous for their furniture.

They established the first universities in the United States and the first professional schools for teachers, doctors and lawyers.

They helped clear Southern lands and performed most of the hard work in growing cotton, sugar and other crops on Southern plantations.

They did most of the work in digging the Erie Canal and in laying the first railroad tracks.

They introduced kindergarten education, started local orchestras and music programs, and excelled at baking, brewing and wood carving.

They gave us our language and major political traditions, including democratic government and trial by jury.

More slaves were needed to pick the sticky seeds from the fibers of raw cotton because cotton gins often broke down.

Since the type of cotton with sticky seeds that grew in the South could now be used in factories, Southerners planted more cotton.

More slaves were needed to work in Southern factories with new steam-powered machines to weave the cotton fibers into cloth.

It introduced a new process to protect the cotton plants from boll weevils and other pests, increasing the demand for Southern cotton.

American manufacturers became more reliant on imported parts.

More skilled workers were needed to give each manufactured item its own unique characteristics.

Many manufactured goods could be assembled and repaired more easily.

The American machine-tool industry rapidly declined.