According to Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of Development, the stage in which a child needs to learn important academic skills and compare favorably with peers in school to achieve competence is the ____ stage.

Mary and Fred have one child and want to adopt a second. Since their first child's infancy had been extremely difficult on Mary, she was excited at the possibility of adopting an older child, perhaps a well-behaved, toilet-trained 3 year-old, and skipping the infancy period entirely. Fred, on the other hand, had serious misgivings not knowing about the quality of care giving and relationships in this child's early life. In a 3 year-old's case, he felt that inadequate care and improper resolution of what Ericksonian stage could lead to irreparable damage in later development?

A 38-year-old woman quits her high-paying marketing job to focus on her children and become a school counselor. What stage would Erikson consider this to be: