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- 1. Multiple Choice
Letter X represents an important substance involved in both major types of weathering, labeled A and B on the flowchart. Some weathering processes are defined below the flowchart.
Which weathering process is most common in a hot, dry environment?
abrasion
carbonation
hydrolysis
frost action
- 2. Multiple Choice
At high elevations, which is the most common form of physical weathering?
abrasion of rocks by the wind
alternate freezing and melting of water
dissolving of minerals into solution
oxidation by oxygen in the atmosphere
- 3. Multiple Choice
Which activity demonstrates chemical weathering?
freezing of water in the cracks of a sandstone sidewalk
abrasion of a stream bed by tumbling rocks
grinding of talc into a powder
dissolving of limestone by acid rain
- 4. Multiple Choice
Landscapes will undergo the most chemical weathering if the climate is
cool and dry
cool and wet
warm and dry
warm and wet
- 5. Multiple Choice
Which geologic feature is caused primarily by chemical weathering?
large caves in limestone bedrock
a pattern of parallel cracks in a granite mountain
blocks of basalt at the base of a steep slope
the smooth, polished surface of a rock in a dry, sandy area
- 6. Multiple Choice
The cross section below represents an outcrop of sedimentary rock layers exposed on Earth's surface. Rock layers A, B, C, and D are labeled.
Which rock layer shows the greatest resistance to weathering and erosion?
A
B
C
D
- 7. Multiple Choice
The two photographs below show dates on tombstones found in a cemetery in St. Remy, New York. The tombstones were 5 meters apart and both faced north. Tombstone A had dates cut into the rock in 1922. Tombstone B had dates cut into the rock in 1892.
Which statement best explains why the dates are more difficult to read on tombstone A than on tombstone B?
Tombstone A is composed of minerals less resistant to weathering than tombstone B
Tombstone A has undergone a longer period of weathering than tombstone B.
Tombstone A experienced cooler temperatures than tombstone B.
Tombstone A was exposed to less acid rain than tombstone B.
- 8. Multiple Choice
The cross section below shows sedimentary rocks being eroded by water at a waterfall. The sedimentary rock layers are being weathered and eroded at different rates primarily because the rock layers
formed during different time periods
contain different fossils
have different compositions
are horizontal
- 9. Multiple Choice
Which factor has the greatest influence on the weathering rate of Earth’s surface bedrock?
Local air pressure
angle of insolation
age of the bedrock
regional climate
- 10. Multiple Choice
The photograph below shows a steep-sided rock formation that is over 100 meters high. This landscape feature is located in an arid region. What would happen to this landscape feature if the climate became more humid?
less weathering and erosion, producing a more rounded landscape feature
less weathering and erosion, producing a more angular landscape feature
more weathering and erosion, producing a more rounded landscape feature
more weathering and erosion, producing a more angular landscape feature
- 11. Multiple Choice
The formation of soil is primarily the result of
stream erosion and mass movement
stream deposition and runoff
precipitation and wind erosion
weathering and biological activity
- 12. Multiple Choice
Which factor has the most influence on the development of soil?
climate
longitude
amount of rounded sediment
slope of the landscape
- 13. Multiple Choice
Which factors most directly control the development of soils?
soil particle sizes and method of deposition
bedrock composition and climate characteristics
direction of prevailing winds and storm tracks
earthquake intensity and volcanic activity
- 14. Multiple Choice
The map below shows the path of an ash cloud that resulted from the Mount St. Helens volcanic eruption. The map was developed from satellite photographs. The path of the ash cloud was most probably determined by
hypothesis
inference
observation
theory
- 15. Multiple Choice
A group of students observed and measured various characteristics of a stream for one day. Which statement about the stream is most likely an inference?
The stream water is dark brown.
The water level of the stream will rise after the next rainfall.
The velocity of the stream is greatest near the outside of a meander.
The stream's depth is different at various distances from the streambank.
- 16. Multiple Choice
The Earth's actual shape is most correctly described as
a circle
a perfect sphere
an oblate sphere
an eccentric ellipse
- 17. Multiple Choice
At what approximate altitude in the atmosphere can stratospheric ozone be found?
10 km
30 km
70 km
100 km
- 18. Multiple Choice
Which sphere of earth covers approximately 70% of Earth's surface?
atmosphere
lithosphere
hydrosphere
asthenosphere
- 19. Multiple Choice
Which New York State city is located at 42°39' N 73°45' W?
Albany
Buffalo
Ithaca
Plattsburgh
- 20. Multiple Choice
If an observer on Earth views Polaris on the horizon, the observer is located at the
equator (0°)
North Pole (90° N)
Tropic of Cancer (23.5° N)
Tropic of Capricorn (23.5° S)
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