The insertion of a formed plasmid into the cell.

The chemical process of switching the gene.

Super coiled molecules formed in the plasmid of the cell.

Change in the structure and permeability of the cell membrane.

Make the cell competent.

Could provide a selective advantage for that cell.

Make the cell wall stronger.

Does not contribute

The use of viruses to transform or genetically

engineer cells.

The measure of how well cells are transformed in a new phenotype.

The insertion of a foreign plasmid into a bacterial cell which results in new acquired traits.

Genetic engineering or transformation of mammalian cells.

The incubation of the bacteria at 95C

A process that uses calcium chloride.

A process that uses GFP

A process that uses polymerases

Trap the plasmids inside the cell.

Enlarges the pores of the cell.

Provides for the death of the cell.

Increases the disintegration of the cell wall.

mRNA molecule

rDNA

engineered plasmid

red fluorescent protein

Grow on the agar plate

Will not grow on the agar plate.

will only grow after the plate has been incubated at 45C

will only grow after the plate has been placed in a warm water bath for 2 minutes.

Bacterial transformation involves the transfer of genetic material that results in the acquisition of a new trait that is stable but not inheritable.

There are no bacterial species that go thru the transformation process naturally.

Transformation efficiencies are a way to determine how many cells were transformed per microgram of plasmid DNA used.

The promoter is the region at the end of the gene .