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- 1. Multiple Choice
If a cubical cell with 2-cm sides doubles the dimensions of its sides, what change occurs to the ratio of its surface area to volume?
The ratio is quartered.
The ratio is quadrupled.
The ratio is doubled.
The ratio is halved.
- 2. Multiple Choice
If the side of a cubical cell doubled, what would the cell then require? Select all the correct answers.
eight times more nutrients
four times more nutrients
to excrete eight times more waste
to excrete four times more waste
- 3. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is NOT a useful purpose is served by cell division in a multicellular organism?
to ensure that a cell does not become too large
to produce new cells during an organism's growth
to ensure all cells remain undifferentiated
to replace damaged cells and tissues
- 4. Multiple Choice
Bacteria reproduce _______ through cell fission. However, in another process, a tube of cytoplasm can temporarily connect two bacterial cells. Some DNA passes through this tube. Like ________ reproduction, this process causes genetic variation. However, it does not produce offspring.
sexually, sexual
asexually, asexual
sexually, asexual
asexually, sexual
- 5. Multiple Choice
Paramecium is a single-celled protozoan. The graph shows a typical growth curve for a colony of Paramecium. Two Paramecium cells sometimes engage in a sexual process in which genetic materials are exchanged, but no new cells are produced. Which additional observation would provides the strongest evidence that Paramecium reproduces asexually?
The colony begins decreasing in number after Day 14.
The cells in the colony are genetically different from one another.
The cells in the colony become smaller over time.
The cells in the colony are genetically identical.
- 6. Multiple Choice
If an organism is successful in a particular environment,
______________ reproduction is ____________.
asexual, advantageous
asexual, disadvantageous
sexual, advantageous
sexual, disadvantageous
- 7. Multiple Choice
However, if an environment changes, some offspring of
_________ reproduction may have a better chance of survival and reproductive success than others in a population because of _____________.
asexual, genetic variability
asexual, genetic stability
sexual, genetic variability
sexual, genetic stability
- 8. Multiple Choice
Which is label A indicating?
DNA double helix
Histone proteins
Coils and supercoils
Nucleosome
- 9. Multiple Choice
Which is label B indicating?
DNA double helix
Histone proteins
Coils and supercoils
Nucleosome
- 10. Multiple Choice
Which is label D indicating?
DNA double helix
Histone proteins
Coils and supercoils
Nucleosome
- 11. Multiple Choice
Which is label C indicating?
DNA double helix
Histone proteins
Coils and supercoils
Nucleosome
- 12. Multiple Choice
The development of insects such as the fruit fly, Drosophila, consists of two phases. The larva emerges from the egg and after a period of growth, changes into an adult. The adult insect is very different from the larva. The precursor cells for the adult structures are present in small clusters (the imaginal discs) inside the larva. During the larval stage the disc cells do not play a role. However, during metamorphosis the disc cells start to divide and develop into specific adult structures. Compare and contrast the Drosophila development to the development of C. elegans.
In both C. elegans and Drosophila, specialized cells are formed from totipotent stem cells.
In both C. elegans and Drosophila, a cell's final specialization can be mapped early in the animal's development.
In both C. elegans and Drosophila, specialized cells develop from flexible cells in the adult.
- 13. Multiple Choice
The development of insects such as the fruit fly, Drosophila, consists of two phases. The larva emerges from the egg and after a period of growth, changes into an adult. The adult insect is very different from the larva. The precursor cells for the adult structures are present in small clusters (the imaginal discs) inside the larva. During the larval stage the disc cells do not play a role. However, during metamorphosis the disc cells start to divide and develop into specific adult structures. Compare and contrast the Drosophila development to the development of C. elegans.
In both C. elegans and Drosophila, specialized cells are formed from totipotent stem cells.
In both C. elegans and Drosophila, specialized cells develop from flexible cells in the adult.
In both C. elegans and Drosophila, cells differentiate into a number of distinct cell types.
- 14. Multiple Choice
Japanese scientists were able to create pluripotent stem cells (iPS), a type of stem cell that is similar to embryonic stem cells. The researchers were then able to grow heart and brain cells from these stem cells. Which type of cell is described by the following statement: are made from adult cells
embryonic stem cells
iPS cells
both types of stem cells
- 15. Multiple Choice
Japanese scientists were able to create pluripotent stem cells (iPS), a type of stem cell that is similar to embryonic stem cells. The researchers were then able to grow heart and brain cells from these stem cells. Which type of cell is described by the following statement: are made from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst
embryonic stem cells
iPS cells
both types of stem cells
- 16. Multiple Choice
Japanese scientists were able to create pluripotent stem cells (iPS), a type of stem cell that is similar to embryonic stem cells. The researchers were then able to grow heart and brain cells from these stem cells. Which type of cell is described by the following statement: are made from mouse fibroblasts
embryonic stem cells
iPS cells
both types of stem cells
- 17. Multiple Choice
Japanese scientists were able to create pluripotent stem cells (iPS), a type of stem cell that is similar to embryonic stem cells. The researchers were then able to grow heart and brain cells from these stem cells. Which type of cell is described by the following statement: can possibly be used for therapeutic treatments
embryonic stem cells
iPS cells
both types of stem cells
- 18. Multiple Choice
Japanese scientists were able to create pluripotent stem cells (iPS), a type of stem cell that is similar to embryonic stem cells. The researchers were then able to grow heart and brain cells from these stem cells. Which type of cell is described by the following statement: heart, brain, and other differentiated cells can grow from them
embryonic stem cells
iPS cells
both types of stem cells
- 19. Multiple Choice
At present, stem cell–based therapies are the clinical standard of care for only a few conditions, including leukemia and macular degeneration. Before stem cell therapies can be ethically approved for other conditions, all of the safety assessments below should be confirmed except for which one?
Stem cell treatment should not overrun costs.
Stem cell treatment should not cause tumors.
Stem cells should not have harmful mutations.
Stem cells should not spread beyond the site of the transplant.
- 20. Multiple Choice
What structure is found in prokaryotic cells but not eukaryotic cells?
a single, circular DNA chromosome found in the cytoplasm
a chromosome that contains many histones
a shorter, condensed chromosome in the nucleus
a chromosome found within a membrane-bound nucleus
- 21. Multiple Choice
The ________ is the point of attachment for sister chromatids.
centromere
centrosome
chromosome
- 22. Multiple Choice
The ________ consists of coiled and condensed chromatin.
centromere
centrosome
chromosome
- 23. Multiple Choice
The ________ is an area from which the spindle fibers extend.
centromere
centrosome
chromosome
- 24. Multiple Choice
The events of mitosis are divided into four phases.
1 Prophase: chromatin forms visible chromosomes; spindles form
2 Metaphase: chromosomes move to the equator of the spindle; centromeres of duplicated chromosomes are aligned
3 Anaphase: centromeres split and chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell; each pole receives the same number and kinds of chromosomes as the parent cell
4 Telophase: daughter cells are formed; nuclear envelopes reappear and chromosomes become chromatin
added to
Which phase is shown in #1?
anaphase
metaphase
prophase
telophase
- 25. Multiple Choice
The events of mitosis are divided into four phases.
1 Prophase: chromatin forms visible chromosomes; spindles form
2 Metaphase: chromosomes move to the equator of the spindle; centromeres of duplicated chromosomes are aligned
3 Anaphase: centromeres split and chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell; each pole receives the same number and kinds of chromosomes as the parent cell
4 Telophase: daughter cells are formed; nuclear envelopes reappear and chromosomes become chromatin
added to
Which phase is shown in #3?
anaphase
metaphase
prophase
telophase
- 26. Multiple Choice
The events of mitosis are divided into four phases.
1 Prophase: chromatin forms visible chromosomes; spindles form
2 Metaphase: chromosomes move to the equator of the spindle; centromeres of duplicated chromosomes are aligned
3 Anaphase: centromeres split and chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell; each pole receives the same number and kinds of chromosomes as the parent cell
4 Telophase: daughter cells are formed; nuclear envelopes reappear and chromosomes become chromatin
added to
Which phase is shown in #4?
anaphase
metaphase
prophase
telophase
- 27. Multiple Choice
The events of mitosis are divided into four phases.
1 Prophase: chromatin forms visible chromosomes; spindles form
2 Metaphase: chromosomes move to the equator of the spindle; centromeres of duplicated chromosomes are aligned
3 Anaphase: centromeres split and chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell; each pole receives the same number and kinds of chromosomes as the parent cell
4 Telophase: daughter cells are formed; nuclear envelopes reappear and chromosomes become chromatin
added to
Which phase is shown in #2?
anaphase
metaphase
prophase
telophase
- 28. Multiple Choice
The p53 protein is involved in DNA repair and in triggering cell death when repair is not possible. Which of the following is not a reason why some cancers are associated with defective p53 genes?
because cells with damaged DNA grow and divide uncontrollably
because in cells with damaged DNA, p53 protein levels rise and cause apoptosis
because cells with damaged DNA are not triggered to die
because cell growth and division is no longer regulated by p53 protein
- 29. Multiple Choice
Which of the following happens when cancer occurs?
Cells cannot pass the G1 checkpoint.
Apoptosis or programmed cell death takes place.
The cells can no longer enter the cell cycle.
The control of the cell cycle is impaired.
- 30. Multiple Choice
Which of the following statements is not typical for cancer cells?
They tend to be unspecialized.
They undergo apoptosis.
They may form tumors that metastasize
They have defective genes.
- 31. Multiple Choice
The cells are differentiated and specialized
Normal Cells
Cancer Cells
- 32. Multiple Choice
The cells are non-differentiated cells
Normal Cells
Cancer Cells
- 33. Multiple Choice
Cells have an abnormal nucleus
Normal Cells
Cancer Cells
- 34. Multiple Choice
Cells have a normal nucleus
Normal Cells
Cancer Cells
- 35. Multiple Choice
The cells undergo metastatis
Normal Cells
Cancer Cells
- 36. Multiple Choice
Cells with DNA damage undergo apoptosis
Normal Cells
Cancer Cells
- 37. Multiple Choice
Which phase of the cell cycle is described?
At the end of this phase, each chromosome is made up of two chromatids.
M phase
G1 phase
S phase
G2 phase
- 38. Multiple Choice
Which phase of the cell cycle is described?
Chromatids are distributed to the two daughter nuclei.
M phase
G1 phase
S phase
G2 phase
- 39. Multiple Choice
Which phase of the cell cycle is described?
Proteins and other materials needed for cell division are synthesized.
M phase
G1 phase
S phase
G2 phase
- 40. Multiple Choice
Which phase of the cell cycle is described?
Organelles and materials needed for DNA synthesis are made.
M phase
G1 phase
S phase
G2 phase
- 41. Multiple Choice
This process decreases the number of body cells.
apoptosis
cell division
- 42. Multiple Choice
This process increases the number of body cells.
apoptosis
cell division
- 43. Multiple Choice
This process repairs injuries.
apoptosis
cell division
- 44. Multiple Choice
This process regulates the cell cycle.
apoptosis
cell division
- 45. Multiple Choice
This process causes death of abnormal cells.
apoptosis
cell division
- 46. Multiple Choice
This process produces specialized cells.
apoptosis
cell division
- 47. Multiple Choice
Look at the picture. What does it represent?
Specialized blastocyst cells become stem cells in the adult.
Differentiation is the process by which cells become specialized.
The outer cells of the blastocyst become the embryo.
The inner mass of cells of the blastocyst will form the specialized cells in the body.
- 48. Multiple Choice
Look at the picture. What does it represent?
The inner mass of cells of the blastocyst will form the specialized cells in the body.
Specialized blastocyst cells become stem cells in the adult.
The outer cells of the blastocyst become the embryo.
- 49. Multiple Choice
Analyze the cell cycle diagrams of two different types of cells. Compare and contrast the length of time each cell takes to complete each phase of the cycle. Match the event to the correct phase of the cell cycle: The cell nucleus and the cytoplasm divide among two new cells.
G1
S
G2
M
- 50. Multiple Choice
Analyze the cell cycle diagrams of two different types of cells. Compare and contrast the length of time each cell takes to complete each phase of the cycle. Match the event to the correct phase of the cell cycle: DNA is synthesized, and single-stranded chromatids become double stranded.
G1
S
G2
M
- 51. Multiple Choice
Analyze the cell cycle diagrams of two different types of cells. Compare and contrast the length of time each cell takes to complete each phase of the cycle. Match the event to the correct phase of the cell cycle: Cells grow at a rate that varies between the two cell types.
G1
S
G2
M
- 52. Multiple Choice
Analyze the cell cycle diagrams of two different types of cells. Compare and contrast the length of time each cell takes to complete each phase of the cycle. Match the event to the correct phase of the cell cycle: Cells grow at a rate that is the same in the two cell types.
G1
S
G2
M
- 53. Multiple Choice
Analyze the cell cycle diagrams of two different types of cells. Compare and contrast the length of time each cell takes to complete the G1 phase of the cycle. The two cells are provided with nutrients for growth. After 35 hours, which is the most likely observation of the cells?
Both cells are in the M phase of the cell cycle.
Both cells are in the S phase of the cell cycle.
Both cells have divided into two daughter cells.
Cell 2 has divided twice, while Cell 1 has divided once.
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