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- 1. Multiple Choice
The animal's digestive tract forms from the _______.
endoderm
mesoderm
ecotoderm
protostome
- 2. Multiple Choice
The embryo layer that forms the skin and nervous tissue is the _____.
endoderm
mesoderm
ectoderm
deuterostome
- 3. Multiple Choice
The ectoderm is on the outside of the developing embryo.
True
False
- 4. Multiple Choice
The innermost layer of the blastocyst is the
endoderm
gastrula
ectoderm
mesoderm
- 5. Multiple Choice
The inner cavity of the blastocyst is the
endoderm
ectoderm
blastocoel
deuterostome
- 6. Multiple Choice
A solid ball of cells
gastrula
morula
neurula
blastopore
- 7. Multiple Choice
Layer that the nervous system develops from
ectoderm
endoderm
mesoderm
egg
- 8. Multiple Choice
Embryonic structure of an animal that consists of TWO cell layers and eventually 3 layers
blastula
gastrula
morula
blastocyst
- 9. Multiple Choice
______ implants itself into the lining of the uterus.
blastual
gastrula
blastocyst
morula
- 10. Multiple Choice
Layer of cells that lines the gastrula
endoderm
ectoderm
mesoderm
protostome
- 11. Multiple Choice
Where the anterior end of embryo develops
where sperm penetrates egg
where yolk is located
vegetal pole
animal pole
- 12. Multiple Choice
Animal in which the mouth does NOT develop from the opening in the gastrula
deuterostome
protostome
- 13. Multiple Choice
Single layer of cells surrounding a fluid-filled space that forms during early development
morula
gastrula
blastocyst
blastula
- 14. Multiple Choice
The third cell layer formed in the developing embryo
endoderm
mesoderm
ectoderm
- 15. Multiple ChoiceWhat does "pluripotent" mean?able to divide and make many different types of cellsnot able to dividecan only divide and make one cell typeif it divides, it will make a cancerous tumor
- 16. Multiple ChoiceWhat is the difference between embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells?Embryonic stem cells can differentiate into more cell types than adult stem cellsAdult stem cells are pluripotent, just like embryonic stem cellsAdult stem cells can differentiate into more cell types than embryonic stem cellsAdult stem cells grow bigger than embryonic stem cells
- 17. Multiple ChoiceHow do stem cells know what type of cells to differentiate into?The nucleus has instructions to turn some genes on and some genes off.Signals from chemicals in the organism or from the environment determine which genes will be turned on and off.Genes turn on and off randomly.The cell has unique DNA that determines what the cell will become.
- 18. Multiple Choice
Which of the following sequences represents the correct order of events in the formation of a human fetus?
Zygote → Blastocyst → Embryo → Fertilization
Fertilization → Zygote → Blastocyst → Embryo
Blastocyst → Embryo → Differentiation → Zygote
Fertilization → Growth → Differentiation → Zygote
- 19. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is true of a zygote?It forms into a blastocystIt is an unfertilized eggIt produces haploid male gametophytesIt is made up of only one cell
- 20. Multiple Choice
The diagram below shows a cellular process that occurs in organisms.
What is the name of this process?meiosismitosisendocytosisphagocytosis - 21. Multiple ChoiceProgrammed cell death is calledapoptosiscytokinesisinterphasecancer
- 22. Multiple ChoiceA dog has 78 chromosomes in its body cells. What is the diploid number?78391100
- 23. Multiple ChoiceA human has 46 chromosomes in their body cells. What is the haploid number?46922312
- 24. Multiple ChoiceThe process that transforms developing cells into specialized cell with different structures and functions: ______________DifferentiationFertilizationCleavageReproduction
- 25. Multiple ChoiceAdvantages: Large #'s of offspring + easier to find a mate because gametes drift in the water
Disadvantages: Offspring are exposed to the environment and hazards, no guaranteed fertilization.Internal FertilizationExternal FertilizationInternal DevelopmentExternal Devlopment - 26. Multiple Choice
The middle layer of the blastocyst is the
endoderm
ectoderm
mesoderm
deuterostome
- 27. Multiple ChoiceDifferentiation is characterized bycellular division and growth.cells becoming specialized in structure and function.body parts being shaped and patterned into a specific form.None of the choices are correct.
- 28. Multiple ChoiceThe mesoderm forms theBones, cartilage and musclesUrinary bladderSkinGlands
- 29. Multiple Choice
How can a developing embryo give rise to different cell types?
cytoplasmic determinants from the egg
different genes in each cell
differential determination from the sperm
hormones from the mother
- 30. Multiple Choice
What is the physical process that gives an organism its shape?
differentiation
determination
developgenesis
morphogenesis
- 31. Multiple Choice
What commits a cell irreversibly to its final fate?
morphogenesis
development
determination
fertilization
- 32. Multiple Choice
_________________ precedes _____________, the process by which a cell attains its determined fate
determination; differentiation
differentiation; determination
development; morphogenesis
morphogenesis; development
- 33. Multiple Choice
MyoD is best described as a ...
master regulatory gene
translation factor
muscle protein
embryonic precursor
- 34. Multiple Choice
The image best shows what process?
Differentiation
Apoptosis
Fertilization
Translation
- 35. Multiple Choice
Proto-oncogenes can be converted to oncogenes by
Movement of the oncogene to a position near an active promoter, which may increase transcription
Point mutations in the proto-oncogene, causing an increase in gene expression
Amplification, increasing the number of copies of a proto-oncogene
All of the above
- 36. Multiple Choice
p53 is a known tumor suppressor gene. Mutations in this gene may prevent what process?
suppression of the cell cycle
malignant tumor growth
differentiation
normal proto-oncogene transcription
- 37. Multiple ChoiceIn what way is the DNA of a nerve cell different from the DNA of a muscle cell?The DNA is the same but each cell contains different genesThe DNA is the same but different genes are turned on and turned off in each cellThe DNA is different, but the same genes are turned on and off in each cellThe DNA is different, but each cell contains the same genes
- 38. Multiple Choice
All bodily cells have the same DNA. True or False?
True
False
- 39. Multiple Choice
What makes a muscle cells different from a nerve cell?
They have different DNA to make them those specialized cell types.
They have different portions of activated DNA.
They experience different environmental influences.
They have different genes.
- 40. Multiple Choice
What are the 2 types of stem cells?
Reproductive
Embryonic
Adult
Somatic
- 41. Multiple Choice
Where are adult stem cells primarily found?
Blood
Bone Marrow
Brain
Spleen
- 42. Multiple Choice
Why is embryonic stem cell research controversial?
The stem cells may die.
There isn't enough research to show that it is effective.
It means the demise/destruction of the embryo.
Some do not agree with government funding of such research.
- 43. Multiple Choice
Once a stem cell differentiates, typically can it reverse back into a stem cell?
Yes
No
- 44. Multiple Choice
What causes differentiation?
The DNA is different in each type of cell.
Some cells have more or less DNA than others.
Only specific genes in the DNA are activated.
- 45. Multiple Choice
Homeotic genes are
Often called selector genes because they select for segmental identity
found rarely in the eukaryotic domain
highly conserved, found in many animal genomes
contain homeobox genes (HOX)
code for homeodomain proteins - transcription factors
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