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- 1. Multiple Choice
A tumor that destroys the ventromedial hypothalamus is likely to produce which of the following?
Total lack of interest in food
Changes in the taste of food but no change in the amount eaten
Changes in stomach volume and less-frequent eating
Frequent eating and obesity
Reduced production of fat
- 2. Multiple Choice
Which of the following theories suggests that a physiological need creates a state of tension that motivates an organism to satisfy the need?
Opponent-process
Drive-reduction
Incentive
Arousal
Gate-control
- 3. Multiple Choice
Amanda experienced discomfort in class. She put on a sweater when she realized her discomfort was caused by the cold. Her behavior was motivated by
Androgens
Body mass index
Display rules
A drive
Cognitive dissonance
- 4. Multiple Choice
Research studies indicate that people who are intrinsically motivated as compared to people who are extrinsically motivated tend to
Work harder and enjoy their work more
Work less and enjoy their work less
More eagerly look forward to rewards like paychecks
Be less creative and less effective
Respond to a challenge by working less
- 5. Multiple Choice
A polygraph machine is often called a "lie detector", although it does not detect lies. Instead, it responds to changes in
Cognitive states
Autonomic arousal
Parasympathetic functioning
motivational level
neurotransmitter level
- 6. Multiple Choice
Melvin, a server at a restaurant, is in the middle of a lunch rush. He is completing orders, servings customers, and seating new quests. He has adapted to this level of stress and is coping. Which of the following terms identifies a stage in Hans Selye’s general adaptation syndrome that Melvin is currently experiencing?
Resistance
Exhaustion
Withdrawl
Alarm
Pressure
- 7. Multiple Choice
According to Schachter and Singer's theory of emotions, which of the following is true?
The same physiological response can produce different emotions, depending on the context within which the response occurs and a person’s interpretation of the context.
Environmental events trigger physiological responses from the muscles, which in turn activate specific emotional states.
Emotional experiences and physiological responses are initiated at the same time
Specific hormonal release patterns determine particular emotions.
Feedback from our facial expressions determines our emotions
- 8. Multiple Choice
In response to a set of ambiguous pictures, Rita writes several stories in which the main character's desire to compete with some standard of excellence and surpass their own previous performances. Psychologists in the tradition of Henry Murray, David McClelland, and Christiana Morgan would be likely to characterize Rita as rating high in
The need for affiliation
The need for achievement
The need for power
Self-monitoring skills
Ego strength
- 9. Multiple Choice
Which of the following most accurately characterizes the role of the hypothalamus in the regulation of hunger?
It primarily responds to such environmental cues as the sight and smell of food
It acts with the endocrine system to control hunger and satiety
It monitors stomach contractions to determine the extent of hunger.
It is effective in triggering, but not in depressing, the sensation of hunger.
It produces a sense of satiety to counter hunger feelings that arise from stomach contractions.
- 10. Multiple Choice
Which of the following correctly lists Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs from bottom to top?
Safety, physiological, esteem
Basic, subordinate, intermediate
Basic, subordinate, superordinate
Physiological, safety, esteem, belonging, self-actualization
Physiological, safety, belonging, esteem, self-actualization
- 11. Multiple Choice
Pam works hard in school because her parents give her ten dollars for every A she receives. Pam’s parents are attempting to influence her academic efforts by capitalizing on
instinctive needs
primary needs
extrinsic motivation
intrinsic motivation
reactance
- 12. Multiple Choice
Stanley Schachter’s explanation of emotions places emphasis on
simultaneous arousal and emotional experience
the role of the hypothalamus
the range of emotions that are genetically inherited
a cognitive appraisal of physiological arousal
an optimistic explanatory style
- 13. Multiple Choice
Mark, a flight attendant, began his workday in a bad mood. However, by the end of the day, he felt much happier. According to the facial feedback hypothesis, what may have influenced Mark’s mood?
The flight was so full that Mark did not have time to reflect on events that were troubling him.
The change in flight altitude helped decrease Mark’s stress.
Because it is his job to be courteous to customers, Mark smiled at passengers frequently
Mark helped several passengers who then told his supervisor how nice he was.
Mark is good friends with some of the other flight attendants, and they cheered him up during the flight.
- 14. Multiple Choice
Which of the following argues that physiological needs create aroused psychological states that cause us to try to satisfy those needs?
Instinct theory
Drive theory
Arousal theory
Incentive theory
Hierarchy of Needs
- 15. Multiple Choice
An industrial-organizational psychologist would be most likely to study the
cognitive development of adults
recreational activities in community center
effectiveness of management training
industrialization of the United States
Career development of high school students
- 16. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is LEAST likely to affect the immune system's ability to ward off illness?
Exposure to stress associated with final examination week
Having a serious argument with a close friend
Experiencing the death of a loved one
Being around someone who has a serious case of the flu
Suffering sleep deprivation due to staying up for several nights writing a research paper
- 17. Multiple Choice
Individuals exhibiting a hostile type A personality pattern are at an increased risk for
Alzheimer’s disease
cardiovascular disease
schizophrenia
substance abuse
anorexia nervosa
- 18. Multiple Choice
Which of the following concepts provides the best explanation for why people seek to put on warmer clothing when they start to feel cold
set-point theory
homeostasis
self-serving bias
refractory period
assimilation
- 19. Multiple Choice
Which of the following statements best depicts the concept of incentive theory?
Roger has not eaten all day; therefore, he daydreams about pizza.
Pam was extremely thirsty and drank two bottles of water after running two miles.
Jennifer studies hard because her parents reward her by paying $20 for each superior grade that she brings home.
Despite low grades, Fred continues to study because he is interested in the material.
Kevin says that he is constantly hungry and eats at least five meals a day to reduce his hunger.
- 20. Multiple Choice
It is well established that certain autonomic responses such as heart rate, perspiration, and respiration change under stress. In view of the fact that people generally have stronger autonomic responses when lying than when telling the truth, it follows that the polygraph would be a foolproof approach to lie detection. Which statement best explains why the polygraph is not more widely used in courtrooms and in testing of job applicants?
Most people can avoid detection when they lie.
Physiological arousal is much the same for several emotions, so the polygraph cannot always reliably distinguish guilt from other reactions
A significant number of people show paradoxical autonomic reactions, responding more strongly when telling the truth than when lying.
In controlled studies, the polygraph has correctly identified guilty individuals in only a small percentage of cases.
The polygraph has been shown to be reliable only in highly emotional cases, such as child abuse and spying.
- 21. Multiple Choice
Although he finds it to be difficult and not much fun, Tomas puts in long hours practicing field hockey in the hope of getting an athletic scholarship to college. This best illustrates the idea of
homeostasis
attribution theory
catharsis
extrinsic motivation
arousal theory
- 22. Multiple Choice
aul Ekman found that when Japanese students watched films of surgery, they masked their expressions of disgust with a smile when an authority figure entered the room but not when alone. American students maintained their expressions of disgust both alone and in the presence of an authority figure. Ekman’s findings illustrate what he calls
the facial feedback hypothesis
display rules
phlegmatic personalities
the two-factor theory
adaptation-level phenomenon
- 23. Multiple Choice
When given a drug that produced general arousal, research participants placed in a room with a happy confederate described their emotional state as happy, while those placed in a room with an angry confederate described their emotional state as angry. Which theory of emotion best explains these results?
James-Lange
Ekman
Cannon-Bard
Schachter-Singer
Opponent-Process
- 24. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is the best example of a homeostatic process?
Manny decides that he is overweight and goes on a diet
Cathy drinks a large amount of water to reduce thirst after a long race
Bert eats nothing but fruits and grains for a week before a huge holiday dinner.
Edesa stays up later than normal to study for a test.
Liam becomes angry after sitting in traffic for an hour and a half.
- 25. Multiple Choice
The experience of an emotion, as described by the James-Lange theory, would follow which order?
Stimulus, arousal, emotion
Stimulus, emotion arousal
Emotion, arousal, stimulus
Arousal, stimulus, emotion
Arousal, emotion, stimulus
- 26. Multiple Choice
Of the following, which theory of motivation emphasizes the urge for an optimal level of stimulation?
Instinct
Frustration-Aggression
Arousal
Incentive
Evolutionary
- 27. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is a hormone that is most directly related to human sex drive?
Acetylcholine
Testosterone
Angiotensin
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
- 28. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is the phase of Hans Selye’s general adaptation syndrome wherein individuals are most vulnerable to illness, collapse, and even death?
Appraisal
Alarm
Exhaustion
Denial
Resistance
- 29. Multiple Choice
The Schachter-Singer theory of emotion includes a component not discussed in the James-Lange theory. What is this component?
Stimulus situation
Arousal
Facial feedback
Cognitive labeling
Subjective emotion
- 30. Multiple Choice
Gustav was out for his daily walk when he was approached by a thief who demanded his wallet. He immediately felt an increase in his breathing and heart rate. Which of the following accurately describes Gustav’s physiological response?
Primacy effect
Avoidance-avoidance conflict
Approach-avoidance conflict
Parasympathetic response
Alarm reaction
- 31. Multiple Choice
Karen had been working overtime to complete a project so that she could go skiing at the end of the month. On the say of her trip, Karen got sick with the flu and had to cancel. Stress hormones had most likely affected her immune system by
Hardening her arteries
Causing the hippocampus to shrink
Suppressing white blood cells called T lymphocytes
Diverting too much blood to the heart and thereby overloading the system
Increasing melatonin release into the bloodstream
- 32. Multiple Choice
After school, George and his friends complain of intense hunger. They go to George’s home and immediately open his refrigerator to look for a snack. Which of the following is a theory of motivation that best explains their behavior?
Arousal
Social learning
Self-determination theory
Drive reduction
Achievement Motivation
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