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- 1. Multiple Choice
About one-third of the toxic metal, mercury (Hg), is released into the air from natural sources, such as rocks, soil, volcanoes, and the ocean. The remaining two-thirds comes from ____.
automobile exhaust
airplane exhaust
mercury-rich plants
human activities
waste from livestock
- 2. Multiple Choice
The probability of suffering harm from a hazard that can cause injury, disease, death, economic loss, or damage is referred to as ____.
negligence
exposure
peril
dangerous
risk
- 3. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is considered a biological hazard?
disease-carrying pathogens
smoking cigarettes
drinking too much alcohol
natural flooding
unsafe working conditions
- 4. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is considered a natural hazard?
driving
earthquakes
poverty
poor nutrition
infectious diseases
- 5. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is considered a cultural hazard?
smoking cigarettes
contagious viruses
having unsafe sex
earthquakes
unsafe working conditions
- 6. Multiple Choice
Toxicity is rated according to the amount of a substance that is necessary to kill 50% of humans, given in milligrams per kilogram of body weight. A rating of supertoxic has an LD50 of ____.
less than 5 mg/kg
5-50 mg/kg
50-500 mg/kg
500-5000 mg/kg
5000-15000 mg/kg
- 7. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is a non-transmissible disease?
diabetes
influenza
hepatitis B
tuberculosis
HIV
- 8. Multiple Choice
Tuberculosis is caused by ____.
mosquitoes
flies
viruses
bacteria
protozoa
- 9. Multiple Choice
What is a transmissible disease?
A disease caused by something other than a living organism
A disease that does not spread from one person to another
A disease that can be passed from one person to another
A disease caused by cancer
A disease that will always lead to death
- 10. Multiple Choice
Which viral disease has killed the most people?
tuberculosis
HIV/AIDS
hepatitis B
influenza
West Nile
- 11. Multiple Choice
The West Nile virus is transmitted to humans by ____.
mosquitoes
houseflies
birds
physical contact
coughing and sneezing
- 12. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is a transmissible disease?
heart disease
cancer
tuberculosis
malnutrition
asthma
- 13. Multiple Choice
Malaria is spread by ____.
snails
flies
contaminated feces
certain types of mosquitoes
bacteria
- 14. Multiple Choice
Ecological medicine is a new interdisciplinary field devoted to ____.
wildlife disease connections
tracking down disease connections between animals and insects
tracking down disease connections between insects
tracking down disease connections between animals and humans
finding ecologically based medicines for diseases
- 15. Multiple Choice
The Lyme disease bacterium is passed onto humans directly from ____.
foxes
deer
white mice
field mice
ticks
- 16. Multiple Choice
Teratogens ____.
are fatal to humans in low doses
cause birth defects
are harmful because they are irritating to skin or lungs
cause infections
cause allergic reactions
- 17. Multiple Choice
The system responsible for defense against disease and harmful substances is the ____.
circulatory system
endocrine system
immune system
excretory system
skeletal system
- 18. Multiple Choice
A complex network of glands that release tiny amounts of hormones into the bloodstream of humans and other vertebrate animals is the ____.
digestive system
endocrine system
excretory system
circulatory system
immune system
- 19. Multiple Choice
DDT, PCBs, atrazine, bisphenol-A, and phthalates are all examples of ____.
insecticides
hormonally active agents
estrogens
androgens
plastic additives
- 20. Multiple Choice
What are chemicals used to soften polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic found in a variety of products, such as detergents, cosmetics, body lotions, soft vinyl toys, and shower curtains?
carcinogens
phthalates
estrogens
androgens
BPAs
- 21. Multiple Choice
Which one of the following is one of the top five toxic substances in terms of human and environmental health?
lead
formaldehyde
tobacco smoke
DDT
nitrous acid
- 22. Multiple Choice
Carcinogens cause ____.
genetic defects
birth defects
cancer
chronic health effects
allergic reactions
- 23. Multiple Choice
Research indicates that the BPA in plastics can leach into water or food when the plastic is ____.
at room temperature
chilled below freezing temperatures
older than five years
heated to high temperatures
exposed to basic solutions
- 24. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is among the seven most deadly infectious diseases?
asthma
diarrheal diseases
mumps
type 2 diabetes
leukemia
- 25. Multiple Choice
What term refers to the amount of a substance a person ingests, inhales, or absorbs through the skin?
toxicity
biomagnification
persistence
response
dose
- 26. Multiple Choice
What term refers to a substance’s resistance to breakdown?
toxicity
biomagnification
persistence
response
dose
- 27. Multiple Choice
What term that is given to the health damage that occurs from exposure to a chemical or other agent?
toxicity
biomagnification
persistence
response
dose
- 28. Multiple Choice
What is an immediate or rapid harmful reaction to exposure to a chemical, ranging from dizziness to death?
bioaccumulation
acute response
persistence
chronic response
dose
- 29. Multiple Choice
A person experiencing dizziness after using a strong household cleaner is illustrating ____.
a chronic effect
a subchronic effect
an acute effect
a subacute effect
superacute exposure
- 30. Multiple Choice
A person experiencing liver damage after a lifetime of alcohol abuse is illustrating ____.
a chronic effect
a subchronic effect
an acute effect
a subacute effect
superacute exposure
- 31. Multiple Choice
Which statement is true?
All chemicals are unsafe
Natural chemicals are safe, and synthetic chemicals are deadly.
Synthetic chemicals are deadly, and natural chemicals are safe.
Some chemicals, whether synthetic or natural, are safe and others are deadly.
All chemicals are safe except those that cause cancer.
- 32. Multiple Choice
What is the study of the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and other organisms?
Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS)
biological accumulation
epidemiology
toxicology
toxicity
- 33. Multiple Choice
In terms of number of premature deaths per year and reduced life span, what is by far the greatest risk?
AIDS
poverty
smoking
malaria
industrial chemicals
- 34. Multiple Choice
What is the ability of a substance to cause injury, illness, or death to a living system?
toxicity
biomagnification
persistent
response
dose
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