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- 1. Multiple ChoiceWhen George Washington took office as the first president of the United States, American leaders believed that the new nation’s success depended on:creating political parties as a means of channeling the people’s passions.maintaining political harmony.protecting all forms of freedom.Washington’s willingness to serve until he died.
- 2. Multiple ChoiceAll of the following men held a high executive or judicial office during George Washington’s presidency EXCEPT:John Adams.Thomas Jefferson.James Madison.Alexander Hamilton.
- 3. Multiple ChoiceAlexander Hamilton’s long-term goal was to:build up the Republican Party’s political power.assure that the United States would be a primarily agrarian nation.promote the power of state governments.make the United States a major commercial and military power.
- 4. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following was NOT part of Alexander Hamilton’s financial program?creating a new national debt, thereby giving bondholders a stake in the nation’s futurea national capital city with experimental manufacturingthe Bank of the United States, modeled on the Bank of Englanda tax on whiskey producers as a means of raising revenue
- 5. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following was NOT an objection raised by critics of Hamilton’s proposals?A whiskey tax would unfairly target backcountry farmers used to distilling their grain.Hamilton’s program would create a corrupt alliance between government and large commercial interests.The proposals would prevent the development of manufacturing, and manufacturing was vital to America’s future.Hamilton’s plan for new government bonds would unfairly reward speculators.
- 6. Multiple ChoiceOpponents of Hamilton’s economic plan:included George Washington.were mostly northerners who had supported ratification of the Constitution.believed future growth was to be found through close ties with Britain.agreed to a compromise that included placing the national capital in the South.
- 7. Multiple Choice“Strict constructionists” believed:the federal government could only exercise powers specifically listed in the Constitution.freedom of speech and of the press should be restricted if the president believed that to be necessary.the “general welfare” clause of the Constitution gave the federal government power to create a national bank.the creation of new western settlements should be strictly limited in order to avoid Indian wars.
- 8. Multiple ChoiceWhich international partner did Alexander Hamilton think most important for the survival and prosperity of the United States?The SpanishThe FrenchThe BritishThe West Indians
- 9. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is true of the Whiskey Rebellion of 1794?It was the only time in U.S. history that the president commanded an army in the field.The Rebellion demonstrated that North-South divisions over slavery could turn violent.It represented the first major challenge to the administration of President John Adams.The “rebels” largely blamed the Republican Party for their troubles.
- 10. Multiple ChoiceThe “quasi-war” was a war of the United States against:EnglandSpainFranceCanada
- 11. Multiple ChoiceThe Sedition Act targetedHamilton's economic ideasFederaliststhe Republican pressillegal immigrants
- 12. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is NOT true of the presidential election of 1800?John Adams’s acceptance of defeat established the precedent of the peaceful transfer of power in the United States.The election demonstrated the importance of mobilizing large numbers of voters with more modern campaign techniques, which the Republicans effectively employed.The controversy surrounding who would be president led to the passage of the Twelfth Amendment, which changed the operation of the electoral college.Thomas Jefferson’s victory in the New England states proved to be key to his election.
- 13. Multiple ChoiceAfter becoming president, how did Thomas Jefferson deal with the Federalists?He followed through on his inauguration speech’s statement (“We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists”) and treated them as equals.He courted their support because he knew that he could never win approval for his policies without them.He tried to roll back almost everything they had done by cutting taxes and the size of government.He led a successful effort to impeach and remove from office all Federalist judges, whom he then replaced with Republicans.
- 14. Multiple ChoiceWhat was the significance of the case of Marbury v. Madison?The Supreme Court declared that presidential power was greater than congressional power.The Supreme Court asserted the power of judicial review.The decision gave states important new powers to block a too-powerful federal government.Marbury’s win meant that he became the new chief justice, a post he held for twenty-one years.
- 15. Multiple ChoiceThe land involved in the Louisiana Purchase:stretched from the Gulf of Mexico to Canada and from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains.consisted only of what is today the state of Louisiana and the southern half of Arkansas.was considered by Jefferson to be practically worthless, yet he did not want it to fall into British hands.included all of what is now Texas and the American Southwest.
- 16. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is true of the Louisiana Purchase?The slave rebellion in Haiti almost persuaded Napoleon to keep Louisiana as a base from which to attack the island if necessary.France had guaranteed the United States commercial access to New Orleans, but Jefferson feared that a British victory over France would deprive the United States of that access.Jefferson believed that the Constitution explicitly and fully authorized this land deal.Jefferson expected the land acquisition to make possible the spread of agrarian republicanism.
- 17. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is NOT true about the expedition of Meriwether Lewis and William Clark?They were seeking a water route to the Pacific Ocean.They brought back numerous plant and animal specimens.They never reached the Pacific coast.They found that the regions west of the Mississippi were already engaging in global trade.
- 18. Multiple ChoiceWhy did Jefferson use the U.S. navy against North African states?The Barbary pirates held American merchant ships hostage and Jefferson sent in the navy rather than pay the ransom.Jefferson wanted to disarm the pasha of Tripoli, who had gathered weapons he planned to use against the United States.Plantation owners wanted to import more Africans before the international slave trade became illegal in 1808, and they needed American firepower to help them do it.Tripoli had declared war on the United States after Jefferson had refused demands for increased payments to the Barbary pirates.
- 19. Multiple ChoiceWhat was unusual about the Embargo Act of 1807?It was in response to a British embargo imposed after a British ship sank an American ship—an odd set of circumstances, to say the least.The Republican majority in Congress passed it and Jefferson vetoed it, but he was overridden for the only time in his presidency.It stopped all American vessels from sailing to foreign ports—an amazing use of federal power, especially by a president supposedly dedicated to a weak central government.It persuaded the British to agree to American terms, even though Great Britain had not been a target of the Embargo Act.
- 20. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following contributed to the poor American performance in the War of 1812?The nation was deeply divided about whether to go to war.The war in Europe had ended before the War of 1812 began, and the British were able to pay more attention to the war.Because Jefferson had dismantled the entire U.S. navy, Madison found himself without any ability to fight at sea.The United States fought a two-front war: against the British in Canada and against the Spanish in Florida.
- 21. Multiple ChoiceThe treaty that ended the War of 1812:gave the United States large tracts of land in the West.gave Canada the option of joining the United States.was a humiliating treaty for Britain.restored the prewar status quo.
- 22. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following was NOT a result of the War of 1812?The Federalist Party disappeared as a significant political entity.Andrew Jackson became a national hero as an example of how virtuous citizens could defeat forces of a “despotic” Europe.The United States gained land in what is now Maine, Vermont, Michigan, and Minnesota, as well as all of modern Florida.Native Americans lost much of their remaining land and power in the Old Northwest and the South, which eased white settlement.
- 23. Multiple ChoiceWhy did the United States become a one-party nation following the War of 1812?The Republicans were blamed for the British victory in Washington, D.C., and therefore lost power.The Hartford Convention’s allegedly treasonous activities fatally damaged the Federalist Party’s reputation.Under the Alien and Sedition Acts, Madison was able to silence all opposition.The Federalists were so pleased with the war’s outcome that they endorsed a union with the Republicans at their 1816 convention in Hartford.
- 24. Multiple ChoiceThe first industry to be shaped by the large factory system was:textilesgunsiron workspottery
- 25. Multiple ChoiceHow did the market revolution change the way Americans conceived of time?Clocks increasingly regulated the separation of work and leisure time.Artisans began spending their lunch hours in political discussions, rather than just taking breaks as they worked throughout the day.It lengthened life expectancy because Americans no longer had to work from sunrise to sunset as they had on farms.It enhanced the individual American’s sense of independence to be able to walk away from work at a certain time.
- 26. Multiple ChoiceThe majority of the nearly 4 million immigrants that entered the United States between 1840 and 1860 were from:England and Germany.Germany and Ireland.Mexico and England.China and Ireland.
- 27. Multiple ChoiceAccording to John O’Sullivan, the “manifest destiny” of the United States to occupy North America could be traced to:the Treaty of Paris of 1783.a divine mission.the Adams-Onis Treaty.federal treaties with Indian nations.
- 28. Multiple ChoiceDuring the first half of the nineteenth century, free black Americans:could not, under federal law, obtain public land.found, as whites did, that the West offered the best opportunities for economic advancement.rose in economic status, but more slowly than whites.
- 29. Multiple ChoiceThe role of a white middle-class woman in antebellum America was primarily to:take a job outside the home to supplement the family’s disposable income.focus her energies on the home and children.produce the daily foodstuffs and necessities that her household required.pursue a college education.
- 30. Multiple ChoiceBy the 1830s, the term “citizen” in America had become synonymous with the right to:Own propertyvoteown slavesaccumulate wealth
- 31. Multiple ChoiceThe term “Era of Good Feelings” refers to the period of American history when:the Federalist Party was at its strongest.there seemed to be political harmony during the Monroe administration.slavery was gradually abolished in all the states.Democrats and Whigs cooperated to solve the nation’s financial crisis.
- 32. Multiple ChoiceUnder the Missouri Compromise of 1820:the remaining Louisiana Purchase territory was divided into slave and free zones.Congress banned slavery in any new territory that might ever be added to the United States.Missouri agreed to gradual emancipation of slavery in exchange for admission to the Union.slave states gained a two-seat advantage in the U.S. Senate.
- 33. Multiple ChoiceThe Monroe Doctrine:was the idea that all white men should have voting rights.secured Florida from Spain.declared the Americas off-limits for further European colonization.stated that the United States would be neutral in all international conflicts.
- 34. Multiple ChoiceIn the presidential election of 1824, who received the most votes but failed to win a majority of either the popular or electoral votes (requiring the House of Representatives to select a president)?Andrew JacksonHenry ClayJohn Q. AdamsWilliam Crawford
- 35. Multiple ChoiceThe practice of giving a political office to someone based on party loyalty is called:the spoils system.paternalism.the party system.nepotism.
- 36. Multiple ChoiceThe nullification crisis:involved the fears of some slaveholders that the federal government might take action against slavery.was based on southern concerns that tariffs were preventing the South from industrializing as fast as the North.brought Andrew Jackson and John C. Calhoun closer together politically.largely concerned the opposition of Southwestern planters to federally financed internal improvements.
- 37. Multiple ChoiceIn his Cherokee Nation v. Georgia opinion, Chief Justice John Marshall stated that:Georgia had to respect Indian title to their lands.the Cherokee had to move to the Indian Territory.President Jackson had full authority over Indian affairs.Indians were U.S. citizens, with all attendant rights and responsibilities.
- 38. Multiple ChoiceHow does the Bank War demonstrate that Andrew Jackson enhanced the power of the presidency?He became the first president ever to veto a bill passed by Congress.He identified himself as the symbolic representative of all the people with his veto message that appealed directly to the publicBecause he forced the Bank to issue more paper money to end the depressionBy removing federal funs from the Bank even after Congress overrode his veto
- 39. Multiple ChoiceAs president, John Tyler:worked hard to enact the Whig economic programproved so popular that he easily won the 1844 presidential electionvetoed a bill to create a new national bank, thus angering Whigsengaged in a public feud with his vice president
- 40. Multiple ChoiceIn the presidential election of 1840:the Whigs employed political tactics pioneered by Democrats.voter turnout dropped dramatically because no popular candidate like Jackson ran.the Democrats and Whigs both produced platforms that clearly laid out the parties’ positions on major public issues.the Whigs again nominated Henry Clay
- 41. Multiple ChoiceThe national political parties of the second American party system were:Democrats & WhigsRepublicans & DemocratsDemocrats & FederalistsWhigs & Know-Nothings
- 42. Multiple ChoiceThe Oneida community:allowed each member an equal vote in governing the community.permitted all of its members to own private property.banished any member who divulged any information about the community’s sexual practices.controlled which of its members would be allowed to reproduce.
- 43. Multiple ChoiceBrook Farm:kept manual and intellectual labor strictly separate.was modeled on the ideas of British reformer Robert Dale Owen.showed that the Shaker philosophy worked as well in America as in Britain.was founded by New England transcendentalists.
- 44. Multiple ChoiceUtopian communities were unlikely to attract much support because most Americans:saw property ownership as key to economic independence, but nearly all the utopian communities insisted members give up their property.feared the Communist Party that endorsed and, in some cases, sponsored these communities.were Protestants, but all utopian communities required members to deny religious beliefs.considered the utopian communities to be too materialistic and selfish.
- 45. Multiple ChoiceBy 1840, the temperance movement in the United States had:united Americans of all classes and religions in a “war” against alcohol.virtually disappeared.convinced Congress to pass a national prohibition law.encouraged a substantial decrease in the consumption of alcohol.
- 46. Multiple ChoiceWhat did reformers commonly believe about prisons and asylums?That the persons entering these institutions would likely never leave them.That they were not widely needed and not many were built.That the persons in the facilities could be used as forced labor in factories.That they could rehabilitate individuals and then release them back into society.
- 47. Multiple ChoiceHorace Mann believed that public schools would do all of the following EXCEPT:help eliminate racial discrimination“equalize the conditions of men.”provide an avenue for social advancementreinforce social stability.
- 48. Multiple ChoiceHow did the abolitionists link themselves to the nation’s Revolutionary heritage?They seized on the preamble to the Declaration of Independence as an attack against slavery.They cracked the Liberty Bell to signify that the bonds of liberty were breaking under the weight of slavery.They used mob action, just as the revolutionaries had when they attacked such disagreeable measures as the Stamp Act.They made a heroic figure of Crispus Attucks, the African-American who died at the Boston Massacre.
- 49. Multiple ChoiceThe gag rule:stated that newspapers could not print antislavery materials.prevented Congress from hearing antislavery petitions.denied women the right to speak in mixed-sex public gatherings.was adopted at the Seneca Falls Convention to symbolize that women did not have a voice in politics.
- 50. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following was NOT a reform movement in which women played a prominent role during the early to mid-nineteenth century?abolitionismmental health treatmenttemperanceNativism
- 51. Multiple ChoiceThe Seneca Falls Convention’s Declaration of Sentiments was modeled after theDeclaration of Independence.U.S. ConstitutionA Vindication of the Rights of Woman.Letters on the Equality of the Sexes.
- 52. Multiple ChoiceThe Seneca Falls Convention’s Declaration of Sentiments:did not demand voting rights for women because the participants were so divided on that issue.was modeled on the Bill of Rights in the U.S. Constitution.condemned the entire structure of inequality between men and women.inspired Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton to become abolitionists
- 53. Multiple ChoiceThe organized abolitionist movement split into two wings in 1840, largely over:whether to nominate William Lloyd Garrison or James G. Birney as the antislavery presidential candidate.the question of abolitionists’ taking a public stand on the controversial gag rule.whether African-Americans should be allowed to speak at mixed-race public events.a dispute concerning the proper role of women in antislavery work.
- 54. Multiple ChoiceWhich statement about the western settlements is FALSE?Settlers often set up farms on land to which they did not have legal title.People cooperated with each other to clear land and build shelters.The government discouraged western settlement at every turn.Improvements in transportation and communication accelerated western settlement.
- 55. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following contributed to the United States going to war in 1812?Great Britain’s announcement that it would end the impressment of American sailorscongressional War Hawks who pressed for territorial expansion into Florida and CanadaTecumseh’s victory at the Battle of Tippecanoethe Republican insistence on high tariffs
- 56. Multiple ChoiceThe Virginia and Kentucky resolutions were a response to:the election of 1800.Hamilton’s economic plan.the Alien and Sedition Acts.impressments of American sailors.
- 57. Multiple ChoiceWhich improvement most dramatically increased the speed and lowered the expense of commerce in the first half of the nineteenth century?the transcontinental railroadcanals and steamboatsthe factory systema system of federally financed roads
- 58. Multiple ChoiceThe American railroad industry in the first half of the nineteenth century:was exclusively in the North.stimulated the coal mining industry.was smaller in terms of total miles of track than the European rail system.mainly connected one waterway to another waterway.
- 59. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following was not a factor in the nation’s acquisition of Florida from Spain?Andrew Jackson’s invasion of the area, during which his men killed British agents and Indian chiefsthe desire of Georgia and Alabama planters to eliminate a refuge for fugitive slavesSpain’s realization that it was unable to defend the areaSpain’s loss of Haiti in a slave rebellion, which rendered Florida imperially unimportant
- 60. Multiple ChoiceWhat was the most important export from the United States by the mid-nineteenth century?tobaccowheattimbercotton
- 61. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following was NOT a way that the market revolution changed western farming?As the West became more settled, western farmers found that they could cater to the market and grow crops they could sell.John Deere’s steel plow made it easier to till larger quantities of soil.Cyrus McCormick’s reaper made it quicker and easier for them to harvest wheat.Farmers in the Old Northwest used slave labor to expand their production.
- 62. Multiple ChoiceWomen who worked at the Lowell millsnever had time to make friends.commuted daily to work from their family farms.held management positions.lived in closely supervised boardinghouses.
- 63. Multiple ChoiceDuring the first half of the nineteenth century, individualism:came under attack from Henry David Thoreau.hampered efforts to spread democracy because it reduced interest in suffrage.was rooted in the idea of self-sufficiency.was a subject on which all transcendentalists agreed.
- 64. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following statements related to the Second Great Awakening is FALSE?The Second Great Awakening added a religious underpinning to the celebration of personal self-improvement, self-reliance, and self-determination.Charles Grandison Finney became a national celebrity for his preaching in upstate New York.The Second Great Awakening popularized Deism.The Second Great Awakening made American Christianity a mass enterprise.
- 65. Multiple ChoiceIn the early to mid-nineteenth century, property qualifications for voting:continued in Virginia because large slaveholders dominated the state’s politics.survived in all of the slave states, but in none of the free states.died out entirely, allowing all whites to vote in every state.were more popular in newer states than in the original thirteen.
- 66. Multiple ChoiceA primary reason that both women and blacks were largely excluded from the expansion of democracy was:the argument that, since they did not have the vote in England, they ought not to have the vote in America.that they were not citizens, so they could not vote.that both groups were viewed as being naturally incapable and thus unfit for suffrage.that both groups were largely illiterate, and literacy was a necessary skill for political participation.
- 67. Multiple ChoiceIn the wake of the War of 1812, younger Republicans like Henry Clay and John Calhoun:continued to support agrarianism, but believed that the nation’s economic independence required a manufacturing sector.demanded that the United States scale back its international involvement and depend exclusively on agriculture for its prosperity.believed in the need for national economic development, but thought that the federal government should stay out of it and let the states do it.decided that Jeffersonianism was hopelessly out of date when President James Madison opposed their efforts, and they decided to form their own political party.
- 68. Multiple ChoiceHenry Clay was charged with orchestrating a “corrupt bargain” during the 1824 election so that he could become:presidentvice presidentsecretary of statechief justice
- 69. Multiple ChoiceJohn Quincy Adams’s vision included all of the following EXCEPT:territorial expansionstates rightsnationalisman expanding market economy
- 70. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following did NOT happen during the election of 1828?Andrew Jackson challenged Henry Clay to a duel for having engineered his defeat in the “corrupt bargain” of 1824.John Quincy Adams’s supporters accused Andrew Jackson of murder.Adams’s supporters questioned the morality of Andrew Jackson’s wife because she married Jackson while she was still married to another man.Jackson’s supporters claimed that Adams had engaged in objectionable sexual practices while serving as a diplomat abroad.
- 71. Multiple ChoiceWhich is NOT true about the Whigs?They argued that the role of government was to promote the welfare of the people.Their strongest support came from the lower Northwest and the southern backcountryThe Whigs believed that a strong federal government was necessary to promote liberty.They supported government promotion of the economy.
- 72. Multiple ChoiceThe Force Act of 1833:provided for a police force for the District of Columbia.created a standing federal army to deal with threats to national security.gave the president authority to use military personnel to collect tariffs.was declared unconstitutional by Chief Justice Roger Taney in 1838.
- 73. Multiple ChoiceWhat was President Martin Van Buren’s new solution to the problem of what to do about the federal government’s relationship to banking?He called for federal money to be deposited in state-chartered banks known as “pets.”He set up an Independent treasury systemHe set up a program of federal insurance on individual bank accounts to protect them in times of panic.He proposed the creation of the Federal Reserve Bank, with branches in key cities.
- 74. Multiple ChoiceThe catalyst for the market revolution was a series of innovations in:manufacturingbanking and financingagriculturetransportation and communication
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