- realize we are not perfect and all - knowing

- ask questions- put things to the test

- thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions.It examinesassumptions, assesses the source, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assess conclusions - look at the evidence and consider the credibility of the sources

an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behavior or events

a testable prediction, often implied by a theory

should be so specific that anyone who reads to text replicate the experiment exactly. Outlines procedures and variables

What is the following an example of

If we are measuring academic success...what does that entail? Grades? Standardized test scores? Participation in class?

one individual group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles (at least a few weeks)

What is the following an example of?

studying a child raised in a room with no human contact

observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situation without trying to manipulate and control the situation

What is the following an example of?

undercover prison guard observing prisoners and their interactions with others

get more participants, but less in - depth information

a flawed sampling process that produces an unrepresentative sample

What is the following an example of?

only including part of the population in the selection process

all those in a group being studied, from which samples may be drawn

a sample that fairly represents a population because each member had an equal chance of inclusion

Is the following an example of a random sample?

drawing out of a hat that includes names of entire study "population"

a measure of the extent to which two variables change together, and thus how well either variable predicts the other

a statistical index of the relationship between two variable from -1.0 to +1.0. -1.0 and +1.0 are both strong, but the closer you get to zero the weaker it is

means that as one variable increases, the other variable increases as well

the more I take these vitamins, the better I see

means that as one variable increases; the other variable decreases

the more I use this shampoo, the fewer split ends I have

when the dots on the scatter plot are all over the place this is called no correlation

a graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables.

the perception of a relationship where none exist

people think that being cold/wet can cause people to become ill due to selective attention

is a controlled research method in which an investigator one or more factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (the dependent variable)

receives treatment/condition

does not receives treatment/condition

participants are randomly assigned to one of the groups

is one in which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant (blind) about whether the research participants have received the treatment or placebo

when people who believe they are receiving the mediation (but are not) believe that they are experiencing positive effects this is called placebo effect

the variable whose effect is being studied