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- 1. Multiple Choice
The figure shows part of what scientists think is happening in Earth’s mantle.
What process does the figure show occurring in the mantle?
Hot rock expands, becomes less dense, and rises toward the surface of Earth.
Hot rock expands, becomes more dense, and rises toward the surface of Earth.
Hot rock becomes less dense and moves towards the outer core.
Hot rock becomes more dense and moves towards the lithosphere.
- 2. Multiple Choice
Earth’s temperature increases with depth. Which of the following is a result of the motion of materials caused by high temperatures in Earth’s mantle?
earthquakes and volcanoes
radioactive atoms in minerals
ocean tides
erosion and deposition
- 3. Multiple Choice
Evelyn is making a model of Earth to show how the physical layers correspond to the compositional
layers. Which of the following should Evelyn show in her model?
The physical layers exactly match the compositional layers.
The crust is the only compositional layer not included in the physical layers.
The physical layers of the inner core and outer core form a single compositional layer.
The physical layer of the asthenosphere includes the compositional layer of the crust.
- 4. Multiple Choice
Earth’s physical layers correspond to Earth’s compositional layers. Which part of the mantle is also part
of the lithosphere?
the fluid, hot part
the rigid upper part
the soft moving part
the lower stationary part
- 5. Multiple Choice
Mount Everest formed when two tectonic plates collided. Which of the following processes lead to the
formation of Mount Everest?
eriosion
substidence
pushed up or uplift
weathering
- 6. Multiple Choice
Basalt forms when lava cools on Earth’s surface. Granite forms when magma cools within the Earth. Which of these statements correctly classifies both basalt and granite?
Basalt and granite are both igneous rocks.
Basalt and granite are both metamorphic rocks.
Basalt is igneous rock, and granite is metamorphic rock.
Basalt is metamorphic rock, and granite is igneous rock.
- 7. Multiple Choice
A geologist is studying three layers of sedimentary rock in an area. The layers have not shifted from their original positions. The geologist records the relative ages of the rocks. The bottom layer is listed as the oldest. The top layer is listed as the youngest. What did the geologist use to determine the relative ages of the rocks?
mineral content
radioactive decay
the law of superposition
the principle of unconformity
- 8. Multiple Choice
Lina is studying different isotopes. She drew the diagram below to show a relationship between carbon-14 and nitrogen-14.
What is the correct process shown above?
absolute decay
radioactive decay
relative dating
unconformity
- 9. Multiple Choice
Fossils of the same plants and animal species have been found on continents that are separated by the Atlantic Ocean. Which of the following statements does this observation support?
These animals and plants crossed the Atlantic Ocean.
The Atlantic Ocean was once a large body of freshwater.
The continents that are now separated by the Atlantic Ocean once formed a single landmass.
The continents that are now separated by the Atlantic Ocean have the same kinds of organisms today as they did millions of years ago.
- 10. Multiple Choice
The figure shows a process that takes place on the ocean floor.
Which of the following is most likely to result from the process shown in this figure?
petrification
trace fossil formation
continents moving
glacial melting
- 11. Multiple Choice
Earth’s surface features slowly change over time. For example, sharp, jagged mountain ranges become lower and more rounded over time. What factor(s) is responsible for this change in their shape?
weathering and erosion
depostion
movement of continents
collisions between continental plates
- 12. Multiple Choice
Subduction occurs when one plate slides beneath another plate. The figure below shows the process of subduction. Notice that the oceanic plate slides beneath the continental plate.
What happens when the crustal plates move as shown in the figure?
An ocean forms.
Volcanic mountain ranges form.
Sea-floor spreading occurs as the oceanic plate moves.
A transform boundary forms where the subduction occurs.
- 13. Multiple Choice
The motion of tectonic plates can cause both slow and rapid changes in Earth’s surface. Which is an example of a rapid change?
earthquake
seafloor spreading
mountain range formation
formation of an ocean trench
- 14. Multiple Choice
Mr. Forester’s classroom has a thermometer in the window. At 1 p.m., Rina, Pedro, and Meenu read the thermometer and record the temperatures on a chart. After a week, Mr. Forester puts the students’ findings into another chart. See table for the results:
Which of these variables might account for the differences in the recorded temperatures?
time of day
changing weather
amount of sunlight
ability to read the thermometer
- 15. Multiple Choice
It might seem that, since the surface of the Earth is a fairly moderate temperature, Earth's core would also be of a fairly moderate temperature. Using creative logic, scientists have determined that material below the surface of the Earth is liquid and very hot. Which event on the surface of the Earth would support that conclusion?
an earthquake
an erupting volcano
the temperature of the ocean water
high surface temperature in the deserts
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