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- 1. Multiple Choice
Minority language maintenance refers to:
a situation where the minority language is successfully passed on to future generations because English is not learned
a situation where the minority language is repaired in intensive language courses
a situation where a minority group successfully passes on their native language to future generations
a situation where a "broken English" is repaired through intensive language courses
- 2. Multiple Choice
Language shift refers to:
a minority community's loss of a mother tongue in favor of a mainstream language
the formation of creole languages in immigrant communities
a trend toward multilingualism brought about by heavy immigration
a dramatic shift in a standard language's grammar and vocabulary
- 3. Multiple Choice
Which of the following factors is most likely to accelerate language loss in a minority community?
multilingual education programs
the need to secure employment or obtain education in the dominant language
strong network ties within an immigrant community
geographic isolation leading to linguistic isolation
- 4. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is an example of a preventive / proactive language defense?
a continual assessment of the health of a minority language
the First Amendment
revitalization of a dead or dying minority language
none of the above
- 5. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is NOT a barrier to adult ESL participation?
Lack of time due to job duties
Cognitive maturation factors such as age
Lack of child-care and transport
Cost of ESL classes
- 6. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is NOT one of the problems with the US census questions asking about multilingualism in the home?
respondents have to self-report their proficiency levels
there is no indication of in which domain(s) or to what extent another language is spoken
the Non-English language spoken must be chosen from a list, so
not all languages are represented
respondents are only allowed to write down one non-English language
- 7. Multiple Choice
Standard language ideology refers to:
a set of (positive) beliefs about a uniform, idealized language which is promoted by government and education
the belief that each individual dialect must conform to its own independent standards
a set of ideas linking minority languages to their countries of ultimate origin, e.g., the insistence that Spanish-speaking immigrants speak Spanish as it is spoken in Spain.
a legal requirement that speakers of a language be tested frequently as to their language proficiency.
- 8. Multiple Choice
Which type of bilingual education program has been found to be the most effective in academic success in the long-term?
traditional ESL pullout/ immersion
submersion
maintenance (late-exit)
transitional (early exit)
- 9. Multiple Choice
What was the ultimate outcome of Ron Unz's 'English for the Children' initiative in Massachusetts?
Monolingual English speakers performed better due to the lack of distractions from multilingual speakers
The number of limited English proficient (LEP) students
doubled.
The dropout rate for limited English proficient (LEP) students doubled.
The dropout rate for limited English proficient (LEP) students halved.
- 10. Multiple Choice
A linguistic policy which involves unofficial norms and
expectations is known as:
an overt policy
covert prestige
a covert policy
an implicit policy
- 11. Multiple Choice
The statement "We were here first; everyone else should accommodate and speak our language" is what kind of argument?
nationalist
multilingualist
nativist
Marxist
- 12. Multiple Choice
California's Proposition 227, covered in Chapter 17, impacted minority language education in what way?
It imposed English-Only instruction and prohibited bilingual
education unless a waiver is requested by the parents.
it prohibited English-Only instruction and imposed bilingual education unless a waiver is requested by the parents.
it made English the official language of California
mandated an end to discrimination by prohibiting submersion educational policies.
- 13. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is NOT a component of the English Monolingualism ideology?
Maintaining a minority language will lead to self-imposed segregation from mainstream American society.
Immigrants chose to come to a land where English speakers were present first, so it's their responsibility to learn English and lose their own language.
The United States is necessarily an English-speaking territory, so it is disrespectful to US heritage to not to do so.
English is the "language of prosperity" so immigrants should want to ditch their own language in favor of English.
- 14. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is not a component of language attitudes?
Behavioral
Affective
Subliminal
Cognitive
- 15. Multiple Choice
Regional varieties in America came about because of:
isolation of settlements and differences in settler origins
poor education and low levels of literacy
environmental factors such as climate and agriculture
strife between settlements that led to language differences
- 16. Multiple Choice
Which of the following best characterizes the demographic facts of Internet use?
Internet users are predominantly affluent and predominantly male.
Internet users are roughly even in terms of gender, but minorities and the poor are underrepresented.
Elderly people almost never use the Internet.
Internet users reflect the demographics of society almost exactly.
- 17. Multiple Choice
Sociolinguists became interested in the language of
adolescents because:
the language of the elderly has been thoroughly investigated
adolescents are always promoting language change
adolescence is a life stage when concerns about identity and style become very salient.
adolescence is a unified life stage and it's methodologically easier to study
- 18. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is NOT a feature of women's language as described by Lakoff?
vocab related to women's interests or traditional roles
use of hedges such as "well", "y'know" or "kinda"
swear words and slang
hyper-polite terms
- 19. Multiple Choice
which of the following is not a feature of slang?
slang is associated with marginalized groups
slang is used to indicate one's subversive attitude towards a thing or activity
slang is rarely subject to change
slang is a subset of the vocabulary of a language referring to entities that arouse emotional involvement
- 20. Multiple Choice
Which of the following Notorious BIG lyrics includes an example of semantic inversion?
"We used to hold the gold, now we floss with diamonds"
"Two MCs with mad dough, you know"
"Considered a fool 'cause I dropped out of high school"
"Hah, sicker than your average"
- 21. Multiple Choice
According to the author of Chapter 25, what role will the internet likely play in the future of language around the world?
The internet will have no role in the future of language around the globe.
The internet will empower minority language groups and help revitalize dying languages
English will inevitably become a world language, causing political unity and an end to struggle.
It is impossible to say. Linguists, standards organizations, and speakers of languages other than English will have to work toward the desired goal.
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