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- 1. Multiple ChoiceAccording to the theory of natural selection, why are some individuals more likely than others to survive and reproduce?Some individuals pass on to their offspring new characteristics they have acquired during their lifetimes.Some individuals are better adapted to exist in their environment than others are.Some individuals do not pass on to their offspring new characteristics they have acquired during their lifetimes.Some individuals tend to produce fewer offspring than others in the same environment.
- 2. Multiple Choice
The illustration below shows an insect resting on some green leaves.
The size, shape, and green color of this insect are adaptations that would most likely help the insect tocompete successfully with all birdsmake its own food
hide from predators
avoid toxic waste materials - 3. Multiple ChoiceBase your answer(s) to question(s) on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram shows the heads of four different species of Galapagos Islands finches.
The four different types of beaks shown are most likely the result ofgene manipulationnatural selectionunchanging environmental conditionspatterns of behavior learned from parents - 4. Multiple ChoiceWhich characteristic is necessary for natural selection to occur in a species?stabilityvariationcomplex cellular organizationa very low mutation rate
- 5. Multiple ChoiceWhich two processes result in variations that commonly influence the evolution of sexually reproducing species?
mutation and genetic recombinationmitosis and natural selectionextinction and gene replacementenvironmental selection and selective breeding - 6. Multiple ChoiceIn members of a bird species living on a remote island, the greatest number of beak variations in the population would most likely be found whenthere is a high level of competition for limited resourceshomeostasis is limited by a severe climatethey have a large and varied food supplythey are prey for a large number of predators
- 7. Multiple ChoiceThe different tools used during the beaks of finches lab representedfeeding adaptations in finchesnest construction adaptationsvariations in seed sizevariations in ecosystems
- 8. Multiple ChoiceBase your answer(s) to the following question(s) 8. on the diagram below and on your knowledge of
biology.
Several of the Galapagos Islands are inhabited by grasshoppers, beetles, flies, bees, and butterflies. Finches that feed on these consumers would have beaks adapted forprobing, onlyprobing or graspingcrushing or probingparrotlike feeding or grasping - 9. Multiple Choice"Survival of the Fittest" describes which theorya) natural selectionb) gravityc) heredityd) string theory
- 10. Multiple ChoiceWhich process produced the two different types of beaks in the ground finch and the tree finch?artificial selectiongeographical distributionnatural selectiondisuse of the beak
- 11. Multiple ChoiceWhat is the advantage of having different shaped beaks?To look different from other species.To be able to eat the food readily available in the environment.To protect itself against predators.To protect itself against prey.
- 12. Multiple ChoiceWhy are advantageous traits more likely to be passed onto offspring?Because they are more likely to survive and reproduce.Because they come from dominant alleles.Because they come from recessive alleles.Because the trait is an acquired phenotype.
- 13. Multiple ChoiceMutations are a change in what?DNAtRNAgenotypephenotype
- 14. Multiple ChoiceAll of these finches have different shaped beaks, they are an adaptation to gain access ofWaterFoodShelter
- 15. Multiple ChoiceHow did different beak sizes first arise?They arose because of their need to be able to eat different food.The arose by chance (random mutation).The environment made the change happen.The finches beaks changed a little at a time each generation.
- 16. Multiple ChoiceIndividuals in a population have to compete for resources.SpeciesVariationMutationCompetition
- 17. Multiple ChoiceWhat did the beak type of finches on different islands tell Darwin?Finch populations evolved over time to favor beaks based on food typeFinch populations had not evolved over timeThe finch beaks had no relationship to the available food on the islandsHumans artificially selected finches based on their desired beak type
- 18. Multiple ChoiceWhat do we call traits that increase an individual's chance to survive and reproduce?MaladaptationsAdaptionVariationsAdaptations
- 19. Multiple ChoiceBase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology.
Which two finches would compete the least for food?small ground finch and large ground finchlarge ground finch and sharp-billed ground finchsmall tree finch and medium ground finchvegetarian finch and small ground finch - 20. Multiple ChoiceBase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagram below and your knowledge of biology. Which species of finch has an edge-crushing bill that can also probe into plants for food?cactus finchsharp-billed ground finchwarbler finchlarge ground finch
- 21. Multiple ChoiceWhich characteristic is necessary for natural selection to occur in a species?stabilityvariationcomplex cellular organizationa very low mutation rate
- 22. Multiple ChoiceBase your answer to the following question on the finch diversity diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. Warbler finches are classified asproducersherbivorescarnivoresdecomposers
- 23. Multiple ChoiceBase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the information below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram below represents the relationship between beak structure and food in several species of finches in the Galapagos Islands.
Which factor most directly influenced the evolution of the diverse types of beaks of these finches?predation by humansavailable food sourcesoceanic stormslack of available niches - 24. Multiple ChoiceBase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagram below that shows variations in the beaks of finches in the Galapagos Islands and on your knowledge of biology.
The diversity of species seen on the Galapagos Islands is mostly due togene manipulation by scientistsgene changes resulting from mitotic cell divisionnatural selectionselective breeding - 25. Multiple Choice
Which row correctly pairs a finch species with its primary nutritional role and bill type?
1
2
3
4
- 26. Multiple Choice
On various Galapagos islands, finch species have different diets: seeds, insects, flowers, the blood of seabirds, and leaves. This is evidence that each species has a different
mating behavior
nesting material
niche
predator
- 27. Multiple Choice
Which statement best explains the differences observed in the tortoises on each island?
Each tortoise adapted to its environment during its lifetime.
Sudden mutations changed the appearance of all of the tortoises.
The tortoises grew different structures based on the available food.
Different adaptations gave some tortoises a better chance of survival.
- 28. Multiple Choice
When the saddle-backed tortoises extend their long necks out of the shell, they are unprotected from attack. Scientists hypothesize that during the evolution of this tortoise, they had few predators. Which statement best supports this hypothesis?
Competition between the predators and the tortoises would have resulted in a greater number of long-necked tortoises.
The number of predators was greater than the number of tortoises.
Saddle-backed tortoises were not a part of the food chain.
Predators would have killed the tortoises with long necks, leaving more tortoises with shorter necks.
- 29. Multiple Choice
The extremes of dry and wet weather of the Galapagos Islands cause the food supply to constantly change. During dry years, the food is mainly large, hard seeds, and finches with large beaks are found in greater numbers.
Which statement best explains this observation?
Large beak size is an adaptation to dry conditions.
Finches grow larger when they have more water.
Dry environments cause mutations in finches
Small finches become smaller during dry
seasons.
- 30. Multiple Choice
Which of the following statements best explains the variation in the beaks of these four species?
Over time, an abundance of seeds for food led to increased differences between the species.
Competition for limited food resources led to selection for different traits.
Over time, an abundance of seeds for food led to increased similarities between the species.
Competition for limited food resources led to selection for similar traits.
- 31. Multiple Choice
The success of the finches on the Galapagos was most likely due to the
large numbers of other birds competing for food
birds adapting to different niches
birds occupying the same island
mutations occurring in every offspring
- 32. Multiple Choice
The seed-eating finch in the given diagram was most likely the
common ancestor
most successful
largest finch
parent of the other finches
- 33. Multiple Choice
How might an extended period of drought influence the ground finch population in the given situation?
Drought increases seed availability, and all ground finches would be more numerous.
Drought decreases seed availability, but has no influence on the ground finch.
The birds with smaller beaks would be more numerous.
The birds with larger beaks would be more numerous.
- 34. Multiple Choice
How would the introduction of another species of seed-eating ground finch to the island most likely influence the medium ground finch in the given situation?
The medium ground finch would become a parasite of the introduced species.
The finches would not compete, since they both eat seeds.
The finches would interbreed and produce a new species of finch.
The medium ground finch would face increased competition for seeds
- 35. Multiple Choice
Based on the information given, which factors most likely had a role in the development of beak characteristics in the medium ground finch?
genetic engineering and selective breeding
unchanging environment and the need to reproduce
variation and recombination
mutation and cloning
- 36. Multiple Choice
The most likely explanation for the variation in the beak size of the medium ground finch shown in the graph is that
the birds acquired larger beaks so they could take advantage of the supply of small seeds
different adaptations gave some birds a better chance for survival
the birds with smaller beaks mutated due to the drought so they produced more offspring
the environment caused the birds to exercise their beaks and the beaks became longer and stronger
- 37. Multiple Choice
The diagram of the island suggests that in region B finches can feed on
a large variety of different-sized seeds
large seeds and insects
small seeds, only
insects and a limited number of small seeds
- 38. Multiple Choice
One finch that would most likely compete with the warbler finch for food is the
cactus finch
vegetarian finch
sharp-billed ground finch
woodpecker finch
- 39. Multiple Choice
Which species of finch has an edge-crushing bill that can also probe into plants for food?
warbler finch
sharp-billed ground finch
cactus finch
large ground finch
- 40. Multiple Choice
The differences observed in the bird beaks in the given diagram are most likely due to
the genetic engineering of the DNA of each of these species
the selection for different shaped beaks that best suit different niches
the genetic recombination associated with mitotic cell division
asexual reproduction of these finch species
- 41. Multiple Choice
The diagram represents evolutionary pathways of seven groups of organisms alive today. Which two living species would be expected to have the most similar proteins?
A and C
B and C
E and F
H and M
- 42. Multiple Choice
Which biological technique could be used to obtain some structural evidence that species A and B are closely related?
glucose testing
cloning
genetic engineering
dissection
- 43. Multiple Choice
Which statement would most likely be correct, based on the information in the diagram?
Species C had many variations and lived in a stable, unchanging environment.
Species D, C, and J are extinct.
Species F evolved from species D.
Species J had little variation and lived in a changing environment.
- 44. Multiple Choice
Which branching tree diagram shows that species W and Z are most closely related?
- 45. Multiple Choice
Which statement best describes a relationship between the common ancestor and the other organisms in the diagram?
The common ancestor most likely has segments of its DNA that will match each of the other organisms’.
The common ancestor is more closely related to macaques than to gibbons.
Orangutans and gorillas have exactly the same DNA as the common ancestor.
Chimps and baboons were the first organisms to evolve from the common ancestor.
- 46. Multiple Choice
Present-day cactus finches are a type of
tree finch
ground finch
warbler finch
ancestral finch
- 47. Multiple Choice
Which finches would be most like the ancestral finch?
large ground finches
cactus finches
warbler finches
large tree finches
- 48. Multiple Choice
Which two finches are most closely related?
Lesser Koa finch and Nukupuu
Akialoa and Ou
Kauai akialoa and Maui parrot bill
Ou and Greater Koa finch
- 49. Multiple Choice
Which two organisms would most likely synthesize the most similar enzymes?
monkey and mouse
cow and horse
chimp and rat
horse and dog
- 50. Multiple Choice
Natural selection occurs only as a result of mutations.
Natural selection requires a minimum of 5 million years to occur.
Each new species that develops continues to exist through present time.
Natural selection occurs only as a result of mutations.
Some species that are no longer successful in their environment may become extinct.
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