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- 1. Multiple Choice
Why do earthquakes and volcanoes occur along the Ring of Fire?
A Ring of Fire increases convection in Earth's core.
The Richter scale is less active around the Ring of Fire.
The Ring of Fire is located along active plate boundaries.
The Atlantic Ocean is surrounded by the Ring of Fire.
- 2. Multiple Choice
Paul's favorite television show is a nature program called Volcano Hunters. Each week, a team of geologists travels to a different volcano to try to film an eruption. Where would the team most likely find an active volcano?
near the North or South Poles
Where the Earth's crust is the thickest.
Where two tectonic plates meet
anywhere along the equator
- 3. Multiple Choice
What changed the previously held scientific knowledge that the Earth had a hollow center?
direct observations from scientists drilling completely through the Earth.
information gathered from equipment in the ocean well before sea level
data collected from scientists studying the cores of other planets
observations of ground density through seismic wave anaylsis
- 4. Multiple Choice
What happens when two plates of different densities collide?
The more dense plate fractures.
The plate that is less dense fractures.
The plate that is less dense subducts.
the more dense plate subducts.
- 5. Multiple Choice
Which is a possible result of plates moving along a transform boundary?
mountains belts
convection
volcanoes
earthquakes
- 6. Multiple Choice
Scientists find a fossil of a fish on top of a mountain. What kind of evidence does the fossil provide scientists about the way this area might have changed over time?
It shows that fish were once able to live without water.
It shows that oceans can change quickly and become land.
It shows that the animals found on the mountain today evolved from fish.
It shows that the mountain may have once been under water and was raised by natural processes.
- 7. Multiple Choice
What can be said about rock layers that contain the same index fossils but are found in different areas of the world?
They formed during the same period of time.
They formed during the different periods of time.
They are still forming and are not yet finished.
They were formed at the same location but one was moved.
- 8. Multiple Choice
Greg made a list describing Earth's lithosphere.
- Composed mainly of rock
- Found deep within the Earth
- Forms a nearly continuous shell
- Interacts with the hydrosphere
- Moves and flows like liquid
Which parts of Greg's list are incorrect?
1 and 2
1 and 4
2 and 5
3 and 4
- 9. Multiple Choice
Why is the mantle so important to the movement of Earth's plates?
Earthquakes occur constantly in the mantle, which causes the plates to move.
The mantle is made up entirely of liquid rock, on which Earth's crustal plates can float.
Heavy metals in the mantle set up strong magnetic fields that attact and repel Earth's plates.
Temperature differences in the mantle set up convection currents that help to drive the movement of Earth's plates.
- 10. Multiple Choice
Which explanation describes why seafloor spreading occurs?
Lithospheric plates join together under the ocean floor.
Lithospheric plates are formed under the ocean floor.
Lithospheric plates move apart under the ocean floor.
Lithospheric plates rub together under the ocean floor.
- 11. Multiple Choice
The picture shows a diagram of Earth's layers.
What kind of activity is most likely at point X?
massive storms, as the weak crust allows heat to spread from the mantle to the atmosphere and increase temperatures
strong drought, as the movement of material under the crust heats the waterways on the surface, causing them to evaporate
earthquakes and volcanoes, as convection in the magma beneath the crust pulls the plates against each other
the formation of large valleys, as the rotation of Earth about its axis causes a downward pull on the plates
- 12. Multiple Choice
As magma rises through the cracks of a spreading seafloor, it cools and adds new rock to the ocean floor. The ribbon of magma causing the spreading is most similar to which structure?
a glacier
a sinkhole
a volcano
a valley
- 13. Multiple Choice
Why does the inner core of Earth remain solid even though it is very hot?
The Corolis effect creates a centralized gravitational spin at Earth's core.
The pressure is so great at the inner core that it causes atoms to push together.
The inner core is not as hot as the outer core.
The inner core is made of the same material as the mantle.
- 14. Multiple Choice
You are standing at the end of a convergent boundary. As the plates move, what type of stress is being created?
shearing, because the plates rub against each other
tension, because the plates are pulling apart
compression, because the plates are pushing together
compaction, because the plates are forming new rock
- 15. Multiple Choice
The fossil record shows that life on Earth has changed over time. For example, paleontologists have found that older rocks contain fossils of
more complex organisms
both simple and complex organisms
only organisms that are alive today
simple organisms
- 16. Multiple Choice
Which conclusion can be drawn based on the relative age of the fossils in the diagram?
The area experienced a change from a water environment to a land environment over time.
The area experienced a change from a land environment to a water environment over time.
The area experienced a change from a hot environment to a cold environment over time.
The are experienced a change from a cold environment to a hot environment over time.
- 17. Multiple Choice
According to the theory of plate tectonics, where do activities such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur?
along plate boundaries
in the centers of plates
above the surfaces of plates
in the outer regions of plates
- 18. Multiple Choice
Which table matches each kind of plate movement to the landform that it most likely creates?
continental plates collide>mid-ocean ridge
continental plates separate> trench
oceanic plates collide>volcano
oceanic plates separate>rift valley
oceanic and continental plates collide>mountain
continental plates collide>mountain
continental plates separate>rift valley
oceanic plates collide>trench
oceanic plates separate>mid-ocean ridge
oceanic and continental plates collide
- 19. Multiple Choice
What landform is created when continental plates collide?
mid-ocean ridge
mountain
trench
volcano
- 20. Multiple Choice
What landform is created when continental plates separate?
rift valley
mid-ocean ridge
volcano
mountains
- 21. Multiple Choice
What type of landform is created when oceanic plates collide?
mountain
rift valley
trench
mid-ocean ridge
- 22. Multiple Choice
What type of landform is created when oceanic plates separate?
mountains
rift valley
trench
mid-ocean ridge
- 23. Multiple Choice
What type of landform is created when oceanic and continental plates collide?
volcano
trench
mid-ocean ridge
mountain
- 24. Multiple Choice
What is the name of the nearly continuous layer of rock at Earth's surface?
asthenosphere
lithosphere
inner core
outer core
- 25. Multiple Choice
Which layer of Earth is thought to be entirely liquid?
the crust
the mantle
the inner core
the outer core
- 26. Multiple Choice
Three geographic and scientific observations are listed below.
I. The continents fit together
II. Similar fossils are found on separate continents
III. Different types of geographical landforms are found all over the world
Which of these observations support the theory of continental drift?
I, only
I and II
II, only
I, II, and III
- 27. Multiple Choice
Which of the following explains why Earth has moving tectonic plates?
The asthenosphere is molten so the plates can move around on top of it.
The brittle lithosphere is able to break apart to continuously form different plates.
Convection currents in the outer core provide a driving force to move the plates around.
Subduction of old continental crust makes room for new crust forming at mid-ocean ridges.
- 28. Multiple Choice
Which diagram illustrates faulting?
- 29. Multiple Choice
Which diagram illustrates faulting?
- 30. Multiple Choice
Which diagram illustrates faulting?
- 31. Multiple Choice
The concept of continental drift was developed by Alfred Wegener. Which of the following pieces of evidence does NOT support Wegener's hypothesis?
Fossils of the same organisms are found on different continents.
Similar glacial sediments are found in different parts of the world.
The shapes of the continents fit together like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle.
Climates at different latitudes are similar to one another.
- 32. Multiple Choice
A cross-section of the Juan de Fuca Ridge is shown below.
What type of action is happening to the location B?
convection
convergent
divergent
subduction
- 33. Multiple Choice
Although often covered by other kinds of rock, which type of rock forms most of the earth's crust?
igneous
mineral
metamorphic
sedimentary
- 34. Multiple Choice
Which of the following describes the inner core of Earth?
It is loose, primarily composed of silica particles, is under the least amount of pressure, and is between 70 and 200 kilometers thick.
It is dense, composed primarily of solid iron, is under the most pressure with the highest temperature, and is 1250 kilometers thick.
It is solid, made up of magnesium and iron, has the lowest temperature of any layer, and is 2900 kilometers thick.
It is made up of mainly silicon and aluminum, has moderate temperatures, and is only 200 kilometers thick.
- 35. Multiple Choice
Which statement correctly describes the outer core?
Composed primarily of magnesium, oxygen, aluminum, and silicon, the outer core is a dense, solid layer, and is responsible for the motion of Earth's plates.
Composed of primarily of iron and nickel, the outer core is a liquid layer that rotates around the inner core, and is responsible for Earth's magnetic field.
Composed primarily of silica particles, the outer core is the outermost layer of Earth, and varies in temperature and thickness.
Composed primarily of magnesium and iron particles, the outer core is the middle layer of Earth, and contains the most heat.
- 36. Multiple Choice
You are standing at the end of a transform plate boundary. As the plates move, what type of stress is being created?
shearing, because the plates rub against each other
tension, because the plates are moving away from each other
compression, because the plates are moving toward each other
compaction, because the plates from new rock
- 37. Multiple Choice
Most fossils form when the hard parts of organisms are buried quickly and over time become part of _________________.
igneous rock
sedimentary rock
metamorphic rock
none of these
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