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- 1. Multiple Choice
Which process increases the genetic diversity of offspring?
Mitosis
Cloning
Sexual reproduction
Cytokinesis
Fission
- 2. Multiple Choice
In a particular diploid organism, somatic cells have 24 chromosomes. How many chromosomes would be present in the gametes of that organism?
1
6
12
24
48
- 3. Multiple Choice
During asexual reproduction, the genetic material of the parent is passed on to the offspring by
homologous pairing.
meiosis and fertilization.
mitosis and cytokinesis.
karyotyping.
chiasmata.
- 4. Multiple Choice
Which statement about meiosis and mitosis is true?
DNA replication occurs only in mitosis.
DNA replication occurs only in meiosis
The products of meiosis can be different from one another, while the products of mitosis are all the same (except for rare mutations).
The products of mitosis can be different from one another, while the products of meiosis are all the same (except for rare mutations).
Mitosis and meiosis are the same process.
- 5. Multiple Choice
In an organism with a diploid number of 8, a gamete has _______ chromosomes and a liver cell has _______ chromosomes.
8; 8
8; 4
2; 8
4; 8
4; 4
- 6. Multiple Choice
Which event is not part of sexual reproduction?
The segregation of homologous chromosomes during gamete formation
The fusion of sister chromatids during fertilization
The fusion of haploid cells to form a diploid zygote
The reduction in chromosome number during meiosis
The production of genetically distinct gametes during meiosis
- 7. Multiple Choice
In an organism with a haploid number of 9, a skin cell has _______ chromosomes, a sperm cell at meiotic anaphase II has _______ chromosomes, and a newly formed zygote has _______ chromosomes.
18; 18; 18
9; 9; 9
9; 18; 9
18; 9; 9
18; 9; 18
- 8. Multiple Choice
Which statement about sister chromatids is false?
They arise by replication during S phase.
They separate from each other during each mitotic anaphase.
They usually contain identical versions of the same genetic information.
They separate from each other during meiosis I.
They are joined during meiotic prophase I and meiotic metaphase I at their common centromere.
- 9. Multiple Choice
During meiosis, the sister chromatids separate during
anaphase I.
anaphase II.
S phase.
synapsis.
telophase II.
- 10. Multiple Choice
At the end of the first meiotic division, each chromosome consists of
chiasmata.
a homologous chromosome pair.
four copies of each DNA molecule.
two chromatids.
a pair of polar microtubules.
- 11. Multiple Choice
The number of chromosomes per nuclei is reduced to haploid during
anaphase of mitosis and meiosis.
telophase I.
telophase II.
fertilization.
interphase.
- 12. Multiple Choice
Chromosome number is reduced during meiosis because the process consists of
two cell divisions without any chromosome replication.
a single cell division without any chromosome replication.
two cell divisions in which half of the chromosomes are destroyed.
two cell divisions and only a single round of chromosome replication.
four cell divisions with no chromosome replication.
- 13. Multiple Choice
During meiosis I in humans, each daughter cell receives
only maternal chromosomes.
a mixture of maternal and paternal chromosomes.
the same number of chromosomes as that of a diploid cell.
a sister chromatid from each chromosome.
one-fourth the amount of DNA that is in the parent nucleus.
- 14. Multiple Choice
The second division of meiosis
returns the chromosome number before fertilization to diploid.
allows for crossing over and random distribution of chromosomes.
reduces cell size by dividing the cytoplasm in half.
prevents a doubling of chromosome copies at fertilization.
is required in order for fertilization to occur.
- 15. Multiple Choice
Diploid cells of the fruit fly Drosophila have ten chromosomes. How many chromosomes does a Drosophila gamete have?
1
2
5
10
20
- 16. Multiple Choice
The number of daughter chromosomes in a human cell (diploid number 46) in anaphase II of meiosis is
2
23
46
69
92
- 17. Multiple Choice
One difference between mitosis and meiosis I is that
homologous chromosome pairs synapse during mitosis.
chromosomes do not replicate in the interphase preceding meiosis.
homologous chromosome pairs synapse during meiosis but not during mitosis.
spindles composed of microtubules are not required during meiosis.
sister chromatids separate during meiosis but not during mitosis.
- 18. Multiple Choice
The total DNA content of each daughter cell is reduced during meiosis because
chromosomes do not replicate during the interphase preceding meiosis I.
chromosomes do not replicate between meiosis I and II.
half of the chromosomes from each gamete are lost during fertilization.
sister chromatids separate during anaphase of meiosis I.
chromosome arms are lost during crossing over.
- 19. Multiple Choice
Sexual reproduction increases genetic variability through
the exchange of genetic information between male and female gametes during meiosis I.
the random separation of homologous chromosomes.
the union of male and female gametes.
crossing over, independent assortment, and random fertilization.
random assortment of male and female chromosomes.
- 20. Multiple Choice
The processes of synapsis and the formation of chiasmata does not
involve reciprocal exchange of chromosomal sections.
involve the recombination of DNA on homologous chromosomes.
bring about an increase in genetic variation.
provide evidence that an exchange of genetic material has occurred.
occur for all of the sister chromatids.
- 21. Multiple Choice
The exchange of genetic material between chromatids on homologous chromosomes occurs during
interphase.
mitosis and meiosis.
prophase I.
anaphase I
anaphase II.
- 22. Multiple Choice
Which statement about homologous chromosome pairs is false?
They come from only one of the individual’s parents.
They usually contain slightly different versions of the same genetic information.
They separate from each other during meiosis I.
They synapse during meiosis I.
Each contains two sister chromatids at the beginning of meiosis I.
- 23. Multiple Choice
The four haploid nuclei found at the end of meiosis differ from one another in their exact genetic composition. Some of this difference is the result of
cytokinesis.
replication of DNA during S phase.
separation of sister chromatids at anaphase II.
spindle formation.
crossing over during prophase I.
- 24. Multiple Choice
A species of a grass has a haploid number of 14. How many different types of gametes can be produced from meiosis in a diploid individual from independent assortment alone (i.e., no crossing over)?
27
214
228
142
282
- 25. Multiple Choice
The diploid number for Norway rats is 42. How many different types of gametes can be produced from meiosis in a diploid organism from independent assortment alone (i.e., no crossing over)?
221
242
284
212
422
- 26. Multiple Choice
The second meiotic division of meiosis
returns the chromosome number to diploid before fertilization.
allows for crossing over and random distribution of chromosomes.
reduces cell size by dividing the cytoplasm in half.
prevents chromosome copies from doubling at each fertilization.
is a step required for fertilization to take place.
- 27. Multiple Choice
Mitotic prophase differs from prophase I of meiosis in that
chromatin becomes supercoiled only in mitotic prophase.
the nuclear envelope disappears only in prophase I of meiosis.
synapsis occurs only in mitotic prophase.
the chromatids separate in mitotic prophase, not in prophase I of meiosis.
crossing over is characteristic of prophase I of meiosis but not of mitotic prophase.
- 28. Multiple Choice
Genetic recombination occurs during
prophase of meiosis I.
the interphase preceding meiosis II.
the mitotic telophase.
fertilization.
the formation of somatic cells.
- 29. Multiple Choice
In a female animal with a diploid chromosome number of 12, half of the egg cells are found to have five chromosomes. The most probable explanation is
normal mitosis.
normal meiosis.
nondisjunction in meiosis I.
nondisjunction in meiosis II.
nondisjunction in mitosis.
- 30. Multiple Choice
A diploid human cell normally has 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes, but as a woman ages, the chances of nondisjunction increase. Imagine that a gamete is produced that received two homologues of chromosome 21 that had failed to separate during telophase II. If the gamete is fertilized with a normal sperm, the embryo’s cells will contain _______ chromosomes.
23
24
46
45
47
- 31. Multiple Choice
Down syndrome can be diagnosed by means of an examination of the individual’s
spores
karyotype
chromatin
nucleosomes
kinetochores
- 32. Multiple Choice
A triploid nucleus cannot undergo meiosis because
the DNA cannot replicate.
not all of the chromosomes can form homologous pairs.
the sister chromatids cannot separate.
cytokinesis cannot occur.
a cell plate cannot form.
- 33. Multiple Choice
How does mitotic prophase differ from prophase I of meiosis?
Chromatin supercoils only in mitotic prophase.
The nuclear envelope disappears only in prophase I of meiosis.
Synapsis occurs in mitotic prophase and but not in meiotic prophase I.
The chromatids separate in mitotic prophase but not in prophase I of meiosis.
Crossing over is characteristic of prophase I of meiosis but not of mitotic prophase.
- 34. Multiple Choice
Accidents during meiosis that can result in trisomies and monosomies are called
nondisjunctions.
inversions.
reciprocal translocations.
recombinations.
acrocentricities.
- 35. Multiple Choice
A potato has a diploid number of 48. If an egg of this plant is found to have 23 chromosomes, the most likely explanation is that
normal meiosis has occurred.
nondisjunction occurred during meiosis I.
normal mitosis has occurred.
nondisjunction occurred during mitosis.
crossing over occurred during meiosis I.
- 36. Multiple Choice
The fact that most monosomies and trisomies are lethal to human embryos illustrates the
importance of the orderly distribution of genetic material during meiosis.
exchange of genetic information during crossing over.
advantage of sexual reproduction to the survival of a population.
fact that each chromosome contains a single molecule of DNA.
formation of haploid gametes as a result of meiosis.
- 37. Multiple Choice
Very few chromosome abnormalities (trisomies and monosomies) are observed in the human population because
they are usually lethal and often cause spontaneous abortion of the embryo.
they are lethal in early childhood.
meiosis distributes chromosomes to daughter cells with great precision.
individuals with these abnormalities are hard to distinguish from the general population.
the human meiotic spindle is self-correcting.
- 38. Multiple Choice
The haploid number in Drosophila melanogaster is 4. How many chromosomes would a trisomic individual have?
3
7
8
9
12
- 39. Multiple Choice
A triploid plant has
one extra chromosome.
one extra set of chromosomes.
three chromosomes.
three times the chance of surviving that a monoploid has.
cells fused in sets of three.
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