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- 1. Multiple ChoiceAs his AP psychology teacher was lecturing, Tanner was thinking about competing in a swim meet later that afternoon. Where are Tanner's current thoughts being processed?sensory memoryworking memorylong-term memoryechoic memory
- 2. Multiple ChoiceThe title of a song is on the tip of Gerard's tongue, but he cannot recall it until someone mentions the songwriter's name. Gerard's initial inability to recall the title was most likely caused byrepression.encoding failure.retrieval failure.a physical decay of stored memory.
- 3. Multiple ChoiceScientists are trained to carefully observe and record any research outcomes that are inconsistent with their hypotheses. This practice most directly serves to reduceconfirmation bias.the framing effect.functional fixedness.heuristics
- 4. Multiple ChoiceThe earliest stage of speech development is called the ________ stage.grammaticalone-wordtelegraphic speechbabbling
- 5. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is the best example of framing?Alex was locked out of his car. He didn't think to use a coat hanger to unlock the door before calling the police.Zach felt very certain that he knew all the concepts in Chapter 2, so he was surprised to get 65 percent on the exam.Despite reading several research studies demonstrating that therapeutic touch is no more effective than a placebo in treating pain, Miriam still considers it a valid treatment option.A television advertisement for lotion claims that it is made of 75 percent organic materials, not that it contains 25 percent artificial ingredients.
- 6. Multiple ChoiceThe tendency to think of objects only in terms of their normal uses is calledfunctional fixedness.belief perseverance.the representativeness heuristic.confirmation bias.
- 7. Multiple ChoiceThe relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system is called ________ memory.state-dependentlong-termimplicitflashbulb
- 8. Multiple ChoiceThe representativeness heuristic can produce faulty estimates if:We generalize our views to other, nonrepresentativeness heuristicsThe representativeness algorithm does not match the representativeness heuristicPossible variations in the prototype are consideredWe fail to consider the approximate number of prototypes that actually exist
- 9. Multiple ChoiceThe term used to describe the mental activities involved in acquiring, retaining, and using knowledge is:CognitionLearningPerceptionSensation
- 10. Multiple ChoiceA dessert recipe that gives you the ingredients, their amounts and the steps to follow is an example of a(n):PrototypeAlgorithmHeuristicMental set
- 11. Multiple ChoiceStockbrokers often believe that their own expertise will enable them to select stocks that will outperform the market average. This belief best illustrates:The representativeness heuristicThe framing effectOverconfidenceBelief perseverance
- 12. Multiple ChoiceThe rules most directly involved in permitting a person to derive meaning from words and sentences are rules of:SyntaxGrammarPhonemic structureSemantics
- 13. Multiple ChoiceWhorf’s linguistic determination hypothesis states that:Language is primarily a learned abilityLanguage is partially an innate abilityThe size of a person’s vocabulary reflects his or her intelligenceOur language shapes our thinking
- 14. Multiple ChoiceHas unlimited storage capacityWorking memoryShort-term memorySensory memoryLong-term memory
- 15. Multiple ChoiceA memory of something that was NOT deliberately learned.Implicit memoryExplicit memoryRetrieval cuesAcoustic memory
- 16. Multiple ChoiceA rule of thumbSchemaScriptAlgorithmHeuristic
- 17. Multiple ChoiceConfirmation bias refers to the tendency to:Allow preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoningCling to one’s initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discreditedSearch randomly through alternative solutions when problem solvingLook for information that is consistent with one’s beliefs
- 18. Multiple ChoiceIn the words “helped” and “called,” the “ed” ending is a(n)prototype.morpheme.syntax.algorithm.
- 19. Multiple ChoiceAfter studying biology all afternoon, Alonzo is having difficulty remembering details of the organic chemistry material that he memorized that morning. Alonzo's difficulty best illustratesretroactive interference.proactive interference.source amnesia.the spacing effect.
- 20. Multiple ChoiceThe term used to describe the mental activities involved in acquiring, retaining, and using knowledge is:CognitionLearningPerceptionSensation
- 21. Multiple ChoiceMost people tend to:Accurately estimate the accuracy of their knowledge and judgmentsUnderestimate the accuracy of their knowledge and judgmentsOverestimate the accuracy of their knowledge and judgmentsLack confidence in their decision-making strategies
- 22. Multiple ChoiceWhich one of the following illustrates belief perseverance?Your belief remains intact even in the face of evidence to the contraryYou refuse to listen to arguments counter to your beliefsYou tend to become flustered and angered when your beliefs are refutedYou tend to search for information that supports your beliefs
- 23. Multiple ChoiceAny system that encodes, stores and retrieves informationChunkingMemorySensory experienceRehearsal
- 24. Multiple ChoiceResearchers taught the chimpanzee Washoe and the gorilla Koko to communicate by using:Various soundsPlastic symbols of various shapes and colorsSign languageAll of the above
- 25. Multiple ChoicePart of LTM that stores memories of how things are done.Declarative memoryAcoustic memory
Elaborative memoryAcoustic memoryProcedural memory - 26. Multiple ChoiceHolds about 7 items at a timeShort-term memoryLong-term memorySensory memory
- 27. Multiple ChoiceTo recognize the active information processing that occurs in short-term memory, researchers have characterized it as ________ memory.workingflashbulbrepressediconic
- 28. Multiple ChoiceIn an effort to remember how to spell “rhinoceros,” Samantha spells the word aloud 30 times. She is using a technique known asprimingrehearsalthe peg-word systemchunking
- 29. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is the best example of the testing effect?Anxiety associated with testing situations increases recall due to mood-congruent memory.The studies that testing researchers conduct are more easily remembered than other studies.Testing the same information over and over again decreases recall due to interference.Repeated quizzing of information increases the chances it will be recalled.
- 30. Multiple ChoiceFill-in-the-blank test questions measure ________; matching concepts with their definitions measures ________.recall; recognitionrecognition; relearningrecall; relearningrecognition; rehearsal
- 31. Multiple ChoiceAfter studying biology all afternoon, Alonzo is having difficulty remembering details of the organic chemistry material that he memorized that morning. Alonzo's difficulty best illustratesretroactive interference.proactive interference.source amnesia.the spacing effect.
- 32. Multiple ChoiceChomsky suggested that as a child first begins hearing language, appropriate settings or standards regarding the rules of that language are activated in the child'scategory hierarchy.linguistic prototype.linguistic prototype.language acquisition device.
- 33. Multiple ChoiceOrganizing pieces of info into smaller units.RehearsalChunkingPerserveranceEncoding
- 34. Multiple ChoiceLocation and recovery of info from memoryEncodingStorageRehearsalRetrieval
- 35. Multiple ChoiceForgetting caused by lapses in attentionBlockingTransienceMisattributionAbsent-mindedness
- 36. Multiple ChoiceInability to recall a word, while knowing that it is in your memory.PrimingRecallTOTRecognition
- 37. Multiple ChoiceProblem-solving procedures or formulas that guarantee a correct outcomeSchemaScriptAlgorithmHeuristic
- 38. Multiple ChoiceIgnoring or finding fault with info that does not fit our opinions.Confirmation biasHindsight biasAnchoring biasAvailability bias
- 39. Multiple ChoiceFading away of memoryAmnesiaDecayInterferenceRepression
- 40. Multiple ChoiceA mnemonic device is a:mental picturetest or measure of memorya jingle, word, or phrase to act as a memory aidword, event, or place that triggers a memory of the past
- 41. Multiple ChoiceWhat are two forms of memory retrieval?Recall & RecognitionImplicit and Explicitintrovert and extrovertnone of the above
- 42. Multiple ChoiceDefine short-term memoryholds so many chunks of information before it has to be stored more permanently or forgottenthe relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memorya vivid clear memoryorganizing infornation into meaningful units
- 43. Multiple ChoiceStudents who restudy course material at the end of a semester in order to pass the AP final exam are especially likely to demonstrate long-term retention of the course material. This best illustrates the value ofimplicit memorythe serial position effectlong-term potentationthe spacing effect
- 44. Multiple ChoiceSemantic encoding is to visual encoding as ________ is to ________.effortful processing; automatic processingiconic memory; flashbulb memorymeaning; imageryimplicit memory; explicit memory
- 45. Multiple ChoiceThe title of a song is on the tip of Gerard's tongue, but he cannot recall it until someone mentions the songwriter's name. Gerard's initial inability to recall the title was most likely caused byrepression.encoding failure.retrieval failure.a physical decay of stored memory.
- 46. Multiple ChoiceWhen someone mentions Ivy League colleges, Trisha immediately thinks of Harvard University. In this instance, Harvard University is aprototype.mental set.algorithm.fixation.
- 47. Multiple ChoiceThe tendency to think of objects only in terms of their normal uses is calledfunctional fixedness.belief perseverance.the representativeness heuristic.confirmation bias.
- 48. Multiple Choice
Your memory of which of the following is an example of implicit memory?
What you talked to your friend about in the hall yesterday
The need to spend time reviewing for the upcoming psychology test
Which way to turn the car key to start the engine
That George Washington was the first president
- 49. Multiple Choice
Which type of memory would be stored in long-term memory?
flashbulb memory
iconic memory
echoic memory
working memory
- 50. Multiple Choice
The human capacity for storing long term memories is
essentially unlimited.
roughly equal to seven units of information.
typically much greater in young children than in adults.
greatly reduced after people reach the age of 65.
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