Tall kelp have a distinct advantage over shorter kelp in receiving needed sunlight in their ocean environment

male elk use their antlers and size to compete with each other for the ability to mate with female elk

snails with a forward spiral and snails with a backward spiral have an advantage in their environment

modern corn plants are the descendants of teosinte, a wild corn plant that has been selectively bred for over 1000 years.

On average, human newborns weigh 7.2 pounds.

Fish that produce 40,000+ eggs have greater fitness than fish that produce less than this number

Labradoodles and cockapoos are different varieties of domestic dogs that can be purchased from dog breeders.

Bacteria that are too large cannot obtain nutrients efficiently and bacteria that are too small cannot compete for those nutrients successfully

Female water frogs tend to be attracted to the males with the loudest and most distinctive mating call (an acoustical display).

Producing 1000 cactus spines requires too much energy, but producing <500 leaves the plant open to predation

Ground finches born following a severe drought tend to have larger beaks (on average) than the previous generation.

Light-colored oysters would blend into the rocks in the shallows, and the darkest would blend better into the shadows. The ones in the intermediate range make them easier prey.