Individuals have the right to own and carry guns.

The power of the federal government in relation to state governments is limited in this case.

The commerce clause gives Congress broad powers to determine the constitutionality of the laws.

Even small, local events ultimately have an effect on interstate commerce.

Congress signing a law drafting Americans to the military

Congress barring the shipment of gasoline

Congress passing a law raising the minimum driving age to 21

Congress punishing people who do not pay their taxes

The Fourteenth Amendment gave Congress the right to regulate discrimination in states

The Fourteenth Amendment gave Congress the power to nominate state governors

The Fourteenth Amendment gave Congress the power to regulate school curriculum

The Fourteenth Amendment gave Congress the power to monitor and regulate voting booths

It established limits to federal power under the commerce clause

It increased the Supreme Court’s power to declare laws unconstitutional

It upheld supremacy of the federal laws over state laws

Brown v. Board of Education, I (1954)

United States v. Lopez (1995)

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Implied powers are powers given to the federal government, whereas enumerated powers are powers given to state governments

Enumerated powers are powers given to the federal government, whereas implied powers are powers given to state governments

Enumerated powers are powers that the Constitution explicitly grants to the federal government, whereas implied powers are not explicitly written but are necessary for carrying out enumerated powers

Implied powers are powers that the Constitution explicitly grants to the federal government, whereas enumerated powers are not explicitly written but are necessary for carrying out implied powers

Requiring states to establish police stations every 15 miles

Establishing a law requiring all elections be held on a Saturday

Punishing all violent criminals with the death penalty

Outlawing the recreational use of marijuana

Setting restrictions on how many crops a farm can produce

Setting a federal minimum wage

Funding intrastate highways within a state

Banning billboard advertisements next to interstate highways

Congress has implied powers not listed in the Constitution in order to implement its enumerated powers

State laws have supremacy over federal laws as granted under the Tenth Amendment

The Supreme Court has the right to declare whether a law is unconstitutional

Congress cannot use the commerce clause to regulate the possession of firearms in public schools

Each state must recognize and uphold laws passed by any other state

The national government has authority over state or local governments

Congress has the power to carry out its enumerated powers

Congress has the power to regulate trade between states and with foreign countries

Congress has implied powers not listed in the Constitution to implement its enumerated powers

The Fourteenth Amendment makes the Second Amendment applicable to the states

Public schools cannot be racially segregated as it violates the equal protection clause

Congress cannot use the commerce clause to regulate the possession of firearms in public schools

Congress’s power to regulate commerce and to levy taxes.

The necessary and proper clause and the supremacy clause

The First and Tenth Amendments

The full faith and credit clause and the extradition clause

10^th Amendment

14^th Amendment

Article I

Article IV

The 1990 Gun-Free School Zones Act.

Federal regulation of drugs.

Enacting the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Creating a National Bank.

commerce

due process

full faith and credit

equal protection

voir dire

sequestration

change of venue

extradition

equal protection

commerce

necessary and proper

due process