Participants in an experiment who are not exposed to the independent variable are part of the

In an experiment, a researcher's _____ may produce nonrepresentative results.

The best way for an experimenter to eliminate any possibilities that she might unconsciously find what she expects to find is by using

Before conducting an experiment on people, psychologists today are required to submit their plan

The results of the Milgram experiment implied that individuals could easily inflict pain on others if such orders were issued by a

A ______ is some form of treatment that resembles medical therapy but has no medical effects.

A ____ shows frequency distribution by means of rectangles whose areas are proportionate to the corresponding frequencies.

On a ______ the maximum frequency always lies in the center of a range of scores.

To determine the direction of the relationship between two variables, psychologists use a

The measure of central tendency that is the most frequent score in the distribution is the

______ used to determine whether research data support a hypothesis or whether results are due to chance.