A civil service based on patronage rather than merit.

Allowing powerful monopolies to dominate interstate commerce.

A lack of federal funding for essential transportation systems.

Allowing labor unions to interfere with production goals.

Preventing the depletion of natural resources.

Discouraging anti-American activism.

Reducing competition for U.S. jobs.

Addressing a lack of urban housing.

Opposed to machine politics.

Loyal to the United Kingdom.

Conscientious objectors.

Roman Catholics .

Hoped to establish farms.

Wanted to build factories.

Planned to mine for gold.

Wanted to work for the railroad.

Goals of U.S. assimilation policies.

Objectives of the Grange movement.

Reasons for immigration to the United States.

Principles of social Darwinism.

Encourage leaders to make segregation in schools illegal.

Document labor conditions during an economic crisis.

Depict the evils of capitalism in communist propaganda.

Focus attention on the need for child labor reforms.

The introduction of barbed wire throughout the Great Plains.

The expansion of railway lines throughout the West.

The acceptance of Mormons by other religious sects in the East.

The peaceful integration of settlers with American Indian populations.

Increased property values in rural areas.

Increased life expectancies in urban areas.

Increased birth rates in rural areas.

Increased migration to urban areas.

Increased U.S. presence in China.

Competition for jobs on the West Coast.

Rapid population growth in the Northeast.

China’s actions during the Boxer Rebellion.

Peaceful resolution of territorial disputes with American Indians.

The establishment of agricultural communities on the American frontier.

Federal regulation of agriculture.

A decline in immigration to urban areas.

Working with labor unions to increase worker salaries.

Taking responsibility for the safety of consumers.

Setting limits on the growth of private industry.

Implementing social welfare programs.

By promoting spiritual and moral values in public schools.

By supporting conservative ideals in federal legislation and foreign policy.

By establishing philanthropic organizations dedicated to education and the arts.

By creating a charitable foundation to end hunger.

Immigration

Assimilation

Nullification

Nativism

Refrigerated railroad cars allowed food to be transported long distances.

Light bulbs made it efficient for factory workers to work at night.

Diesel engines were used in the production of airplanes.

Sonar technology was used to track submarines.

Elected leaders helped immigrants to assimilate to life in the United States.

Political machines justified corruption while providing benefits to communities.

Progressive leaders protested eminent domain laws in the United States.

Muckrakers tried to uncover government scandals in urban communities.

Ratification of a suffrage amendment.

Building of the transcontinental railroad.

Passage of prohibition legislation.

Expansion of labor unions.

Increased urban population.

The passage of labor laws.

Decreased regulation of urban rail systems.

The establishment of immigration quotas.

The rising costs of national defense.

Threats posed by immigrant radicals.

Abuses of the spoils system by political machines.

The inefficiency of large corporations.

Employees were prevented from buying stock.

There was decreased competition among producers.

Consumers were denied access to goods.

There was a lack of employment opportunities for immigrants.

Nativism and Social Darwinism were expanding in American cities.

The U.S. social security system provided financial and medical benefits.

There were many jobs and business opportunities in America.

American cities had large and comfortable tenement apartment buildings.

Denial of labor union membership for unskilled workers.

Increased nativism and anti-immigrant attitudes.

Wage increases for workers in manufacturing positions.

Increased U.S. involvement in foreign wars and conflicts.

The invention of a new process for manufacturing steel.

The government’s focus on educating engineers.

The manufacturing of glass that blocks ultraviolet sun rays.

The importation of stronger kinds of wood.

Mechanical reapers to replace horse-drawn reapers.

Stronger and cheaper material for railroads and bridges.

Transistors for radios.

Electric Lightbulbs

By providing people with access to essential goods.

By raising money to build factories along the routes.

By giving funds to local leaders to build schools.

By establishing military forts along the routes.