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- 1. Multiple Choice
In November 2013 an object orbiting the sun seemed to disappear behind the sun. When a satellite did not detect the object, astronomers thought that the object had been destroyed when it passed close to the sun. However, when another satellite detected a small, bright object with a fan-shaped tail, astronomers proposed that the object was not destroyed.
What type of object were astronomers most likely observing?
A comet
An asteroid
A meteor
A nebula
- 2. Multiple Choice
Barnard's Star is about 5.9 light-years from the sun. The star has an approximate temperature of 2,800 K.
Based on the diagram, what spectral class does Barnard's Star belong to?
Spectral class O
Spectral class B
Spectral class A
Spectral class M
- 3. Multiple Choice
The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram shows how the sun is classified among the stars.
A star that is several thousand times brighter than the sun with a temperature lower than 4,000 K would be classified as -
a main-sequence star in spectral class B
a supergiant in spectral class K
a main-sequence star in spectral class K or M
a white dwarf in spectral class B
- 4. Multiple Choice
The universe has many different components. Which list places four components of the universe in the most likely order from smallest to largest?
Planets, stars, galaxies, nebulae
Nebulae, stars, planets, galaxies
Galaxies, stars, planets, nebulae
Planets, stars, nebulae, galaxies
- 5. Multiple Choice
Two stars are identified on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.
Based on this diagram, how do the characteristics of Star 1 and Star 2 compare?
Star 1 is cooler and less bright than Star 2.
Star 1 is hotter and brighter than Star 2.
Star 1 is cooler and brighter than Star 2.
Star 1 is hotter and less bright than Star 2.
- 6. Multiple Choice
Which of these correctly compares the masses of different objects in the universe?
A moon has less mass than a star and more mass than the planet it orbits.
A planet has less mass than a galaxy and more mass than the star it orbits.
A galaxy has less mass than a moon and more mass than a planet.
A star has less mass than a galaxy and more mass than a planet.
- 7. Multiple Choice
A Hertzsprung-Russell diagram is shown.
Based on this diagram, which type of stars would belong to spectral class M and have the highest luminosity?
Main-sequence stars
Giants
White dwarfs
Supergiants
- 8. Multiple Choice
Four students are asked to describe a nebula and a star. Their responses are shown in the table.
Which student described these two celestial bodies correctly?
Student 1
Student 2
Student 3
Student 4
- 9. Multiple Choice
The Milky Way galaxy is described as a disk of stars orbiting a central point on the disk. Which of these best explains why people on Earth cannot see the entire shape of the Milky Way?
Earth is a part of this galaxy.
Many more stars exist outside the galaxy.
The stars in the center of the galaxy are extremely small.
The center of the galaxy consists of a dense cluster of stars.
- 10. Multiple Choice
The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram shows how the brightness, surface temperature, and color of stars are related.
Which of these observations of Barnard's Star is most likely accurate?
Barnard's Star is less bright than the sun, has a surface temperature below 3,800 K, and is red.
Barnard's Star is less bright than the sun, has a surface temperature above 3,800 K, and is red.
Barnard's Star is brighter than the sun, has a surface temperature below 5,300 K, and is yellow.
Barnard's Star is brighter than the sun, has a surface temperature above 5,300 K, and is yellow.
- 11. Multiple Choice
Which statement about stars is correct?
Star formation begins in a nebula.
White dwarfs become main-sequence stars when they gain mass.
Supergiants are stars that can absorb holes.
Main-sequence stars are formed by comets.
- 12. Multiple Choice
Most stars in the universe fit into one of four areas on this Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.
Which area of the diagram represents the white dwarfs?
Area M
Area X
Area P
Area Z
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