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13 questions
A nurse is reviewing lab reports. The nurse recalls blood plasma is located in which of the following fluid compartments?
Intracellular fluid (ICF)
Extracellular fluid (ECF)
Interstitial fluid
Intravascular fluid
While planning care for elderly individuals, the nurse remembers the elderly are at a higher risk for developing dehydration because they have a(n):
Higher total body water volume
Decreased muscle mass
Increase in thirst
Increased tendency towards developing edema
Water movement between the ICF and ECF compartments is determined by:
Osmotic forces
Plasma oncotic pressure
Antidiuretic hormone
Buffer systems
When planning care for a dehydrated patient, the nurse remembers the principle of water balance is closely related to _____ balance.
Potassium
Chloride
Bicarbonate
Sodium
A nurse is teaching the staff about antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Which information should the nurse include? Secretion of ADH is stimulated by:
Increased serum potassium
Increased plasma osmolality
Decreased renal blood flow
Generalized edema
Which statement by the staff indicates teaching was successful concerning aldosterone? Secretion of aldosterone results in:
Decreased plasma osmolality
Increased serum potassium levels
Increased blood volume
Localized edema
A 5-year-old male presents to the ER with delirium and sunken eyes. After diagnosing him with severe dehydration, the primary care provider orders fluid replacement. The nurse administers a hypertonic intravenous solution. Which of the following would be expected?
Symptoms subside quickly
Increased ICF volume
Decreased ECF volume
Intracellular dehydration
Which of the following patients is the most at risk for developing hypernatremia? A patient with:
Vomiting
Diuretic use
Dehydration
Hypoaldosteronism
Which of the following conditions would cause the nurse to monitor for hyperkalemia?
Excess aldosterone
Acute acidosis
Insulin usage
Metabolic alkalosis
A 60-year-old female is diagnosed with hyperkalemia. Which assessment finding should the nurse expect to observe?
Weak pulse
Excessive thirst
Oliguria
Constipation
Which of the following buffer pairs is considered the major plasma buffering system?
Which of the following buffer pairs is considered the major plasma buffering system?
Carbonic acid/bicarbonate
Sodium/potassium
Amylase/albumin
Which patient is most prone to metabolic alkalosis? A patient with:
Retention of metabolic acids
Hypoaldosteronism
Excessive loss of chloride (Cl)
Hyperventilation
For a patient experiencing metabolic acidosis, the body will compensate by:
Excreting H+ through the kidneys
Hyperventilating
Retaining CO2 in the lungs
Secreting aldosterone
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