Elected as the last white South African president in 1989. He legalized the African National Congress (ANC) and also released Nelson Mandela from prison. This started a new era in South Africa and ended apartheid.

The invasion, occupation, colonization, and annexation of Africa territory by European powers during the New Imperialism period between 1881 & 1914

A strong belief in one's own country

Giving up one's customs and adopting those of another country

The movement of settlers & their culture to a new country or territory.

Formed by black Africans in 1912 to fight for their rights. They organized strikes & boycotts to protest racist policies. Nelson Mandela was a leader of the organization.

A policy in which a strong nations seeks to dominate other countries politically, socially, and economically.

Leader of the African National Congress who was jailed for his opposition to apartheid in South Africa: later elected president in 1994 when free elections were established.

Wars that happen between people within one country; usually fought for control of the government.

People brought together that had previously belonged to separate tribes or countries; splitting of ethnic groups that had historically been united; drawn with no respect for Africa's internal borders.

British and other colonial procedures through which "natives" were used to carry out colonial rule.

Discrimination based on one's race or color of one's skin; happened in South Africa.

Movement which began in the 1920's that emphasized the unity & strength of African's on the main continent and people of African descent around the world.

Act of dividing: used to describe what was done to Africa by the Europeans during the time of colonization of Africa.

Refusing (stopping) trade with another country; happened to the Union of South Africa in opposition to Apartheid.