Samuel Adams

Benjamin Franklin

Alexander Hamilton

Nathanael Greene

Patrick Henry

was a protest by farmers against the failure of the Articles

of Confederation to pay bonuses to the veterans of the

American Revolution.

was a violent mob reaction by westerners on the frontier in

reaction to Native American attacks on their settlements.

was organized by Anti-Federalists to prevent ratification of the Constitution.

convinced some American political leaders of the need for a stronger national or central government to maintain law and

order.

was a slave uprising in the northern colonies against the

indentured slave laws.

Stamp Act.

Sugar Act.

Townshend Acts.

Tea Act.

Intolerable Acts.

make the colonists self-sufficient.

allow the colonists to establish trading posts with Native Americans on the frontier.

strengthen the defenses of the colonies against attacks by the French.

improve and strengthen the economy of the mother country.

promote better relations among the thirteen colonies.

Only slaves and indentured servants were directly barred

from voting

The chief executive or governor dominated colonial

government

Participation in government was open to all colonists who

owned property

Colonial democracy was limited but still more democratic

than most systems in Europe

Members of the legislature of the colonies were directly

elected by the people

English culture dominated a majority of the thirteen colonies

Protestantism was the dominant religion in the colonies

The economic structure of the colonies promoted social

mobility

Religious tolerance was prevalent in the middle colonies

A hereditary aristocracy provided leadership for colonial government and the American Revolution

William Pitt.

George Grenville

Charles Townshend

Frederick North

James Otis

decided to establish a separate colonial government.

formed a committee to produce the Declaration of Independence.

agreed to meet with the king’s Parliament to resolve the issue of taxation.

declared that Parliament had no authority over internal colonial affairs but could regulate commerce.

demanded that the king remove the American troops stationed in the thirteen colonies.

the need for a strong, central government.

the need for a national bank.

the importance of free trade.

the idea that power should be in the hands of the wealthy.

the idea that the Constitution allows all that it does not strictly forbid.

Jay’s Treaty

The Whiskey Rebellion

The French Revolution

The Proclamation of Neutrality

Pinckney’s Treaty

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

Alien and Sedition Acts

Twelfth Amendment

XYZ Affair

Washington’s Farewell Address

remove British troops from colonies in the Western Hemisphere.

increase U.S. involvement in Latin America.

support U.S. involvement in European affairs.

prevent further British colonization of territories in the Western Hemisphere.

encourage British involvement in South America.

established the importance of the federal government in

improving infrastructure.

limited growth in an already overpopulated New York State.

allowed the Great Lakes to become the primary U.S. port.

opened up a continuous route between the eastern seaboard and the Great Lakes.

led to the invention of the steamboat.

Mexican-American War

Northwest Ordinance

Compromise of 1850

Missouri Compromise

Kansas-Nebraska crisis

ruled that state courts had the power to alter or invalidate a

contract.

allowed individual states to control interstate commerce.

reinforced the power of the central government over state governments.

authorized a state banking system.

granted states the power to tax federal institutions.

Henry Clay

John Adams

John C. Calhoun

Andrew Jackson

John Marshall

the abolition of slavery.

mental health care reform.

education reform.

women’s rights.

the creation of a theocratic state.

institution of tariffs.

disassembling the national bank.

improvements to the U.S. infrastructure.

encouraging expansion of American small business and industry.

limiting British imports into the United States.

Horace Mann: the mental health movement

Lucretia Mott: women’s rights

Dorothea Dix: education reform

Frederick Douglass: the temperance movement

Ralph Waldo Emerson: the abolition movement

Democratic Party

Republican Party

Know-Nothing Party

Whig Party

Federalist Party

Missouri Compromise.

Emancipation Proclamation.

Compromise of 1850.

Dred Scott decision.

Kansas-Nebraska Act.

David Wilmot

Henry Clay

Daniel Webster

William Lloyd Garrison

Stephen Douglas

the Proclamation of Neutrality.

the XYZ Affair.

the Citizen Genet Affair.

the War Hawks.

Jay’s Treaty.

It was organized by the New England states to protest the

War of 1812

The delegates supported an amendment calling for secession

from the Union

The delegates voted on a resolution requiring a two-thirds

majority in Congress for any future declaration of war

The delegates supported limiting the president to one term

in office

The delegates voted for a resolution that would prevent two

successive presidents coming from the same state

it allowed American farmers to seize land in the Ohio Valley.

it ended the British impressment of American seamen.

it granted the United States the right of deposit or access to

the port of New Orleans to the American farmers.

the United States and Spain agreed to work jointly against

British policy in the Northwest Territories.

Great Britain agreed to the United States’ request to provide

them with funds to pay for reparations for Loyalist property

destroyed during the American Revolution.

Henry Clay and Daniel Webster

John C. Calhoun and Aaron Burr

Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun

Henry Clay and James Madison

Daniel Webster and James Madison

Northern abolitionists condemned the raid as too radical.

Southern congressional leaders left the Democratic Party and

formed their own pro-slavery party.

Republican leaders such as William Seward demanded an

immediate end to slavery.

Southerners were convinced that the North supported

Brown’s raid and that the Republicans had financed the raid.

President Buchanan agreed to meet with Southern and

Northern congressional leaders to deal with the issue of slavery in the upcoming election.

strong military leaders.

large supply of economic resources.

a strong central government.

a large population base.

an industry-based economy.

Civil Rights Act of 1875

Jim Crow laws

Reconstruction Acts

Black Codes

Fourteenth Amendment

gain former slaves the right to vote.

grant each former slave forty acres and a mule.

repeal the Black Codes.

establish a role for Radical Republicans in the postwar government.

assist former slaves in getting employment, education, food, and clothing.

factory work.

voting rights.

plantation work.

manufacturing of ammunition.

spying.

The abolition of slavery

African Americans’ right to vote

African Americans’ right to own land

Legalized the concept of “separate but equal”

Banned segregation

The surrender of the South at the conclusion of the Civil War

Republican political tactics following the Civil War

Reconstruction riots

Government land-grant policy to the railroads

Immigration policies following the Civil War

James A. Garfield

Ulysses S. Grant

Rutherford B. Hayes

Chester Arthur

Grover Cleveland

Samuel Gompers

Andrew Carnegie

John Rockefeller

Mark Twain

Bill Haywood

Tammany Hall

Know-Nothing Party

Immigration Restriction League

Hull House

Niagara Movement

Grover Cleveland.

William McKinley.

Jacob Coxey.

Andrew Carnegie.

Helen Hunt Jackson.

Mary Elizabeth Lease

Frederick Jackson Turner

Thomas Watson

William Jennings Bryan

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

William Randolph Hearst.

William McKinley.

Theodore Roosevelt.

Rudyard Kipling.

Alfred T. Mahan.

the construction of the Panama Canal.

equal trade privileges in China.

foreign tariffs being lifted on European imports.

Dollar Diplomacy.

the Boxer Rebellion.

Progressive taxation

Workers’ compensation

The regulation of railroad rates

The regulation of food and medicine

The limitation of campaign expenditures

the creation of federal reserve banks.

the regulation of trade practices.

higher protective tariffs.

the establishment of eight-hour workdays for railroad workers.

the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914.

Frank Norris

Lincoln Steffens

Upton Sinclair

Ida Tarbell

Samuel McClure

Ulysses S. Grant

Rutherford B. Hayes

Zachary Taylor

Grover Cleveland

Warren G. Harding

Election of 1908

Election of 1904

Election of 1916

Election of 1912

Election of 1900

The population of rural America continually declined from

1870 to 1910

Urban and rural growth grew at the same rate between 1870

and 1920

By the beginning of the twentieth century, the United States

had become an urban nation rather than a rural nation

Increasing urban population was due to improvements in

transportation

The decline in rural population was due to increased mechanization in agriculture that required fewer workers

Antitrust legislation that broke up the Northern Securities Company

Municipal reforms of city government

Legislation that helped establish laws against child labor

Hull House in Chicago

The Henry Street Settlement in New York

Government regulation of prices and wages for workers

Laws passed to regulate food production and consumption

The introduction of daylight saving time

The selling of war bonds

The establishment of “Wheatless Mondays” and “Meatless

Tuesdays”

explain the causes and circumstances that led to American

involvement in World War I.

organize and supervise the rationing of food to the public.

work with President Wilson’s cabinet to explain the details of the Fourteen Points.

administer the war munitions industries.

influence public opinion about the war effort.

Calvin Coolidge.

William McKinley.

Andrew Carnegie.

Warren G. Harding.

Andrew Mellon.

the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia and the fear that communism could spread to the United States.

the outbreak of racial riots in the North after World War I.

bombs that had been addressed to government officials and

exploded near their homes.

the murder trial of Sacco and Vanzetti, which stirred anti-

immigrant feelings.

the Boston Police Strike of 1919.

James Weldon Johnson

Marcus Garvey

Booker T. Washington

A. Philip Randolph

William E. B. Du Bois

condemned for its depiction of the Founding Fathers as racists by adopting the Three-Fifths Compromise.

strongly supported by the women’s movement because of its

portrayal of the suffrage movement of the nineteenth century.

controversial because it promoted white supremacy and portrayed the Ku Klux Klan as heroic.

strongly condemned by President Wilson because of its racism.

the highest-grossing movie of the time because it effectively used sound for the first time.

Poland became an independent nation

Free trade was established among the European nations

The League of Nations was formed

The colonies of the Ottoman Empire were divided between England and France

Germany paid reparations for the damages caused by the war

The failure of banks to provide loans for improvements in

farm machinery

The overproduction of crops

The dust storms that destroyed their crops

The failure of the Federal Farm Board to stabilize farm prices

Excessive railroad rates that increased costs for the farmers and lowered their profit margin

providing federal funds for banks.

working with the Federal Farm Board to help farmers stabilize prices.

encouraging volunteerism.

meeting with business leaders to ask them not to reduce wages.

expanding the federal government to provide direct help for the needy .

Social Security Act

Civilian Conservation Corps

Federal Emergency Relief Act

National Industrial Recovery Act

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

the Democrats lost control of the House but retained a majority in the Senate.

the South became solidly Democratic.

business leaders promised to support the new reforms of the Second New Deal.

African Americans became an essential part of the New Deal coalition.

Midwest farmers abandoned the Democratic Party because of Roosevelt’s agricultural policy .

Roosevelt’s decision to remove the United States from the

gold standard

Government spending on relief and recovery programs

The instability of the banking system

The decline of exports

President Roosevelt’s curtailing of expenditures for relief and public works

an end of secret treaties and alliances.

free trade.

destruction of Nazi tyranny.

freedom of the seas.

a world organization to replace the League of Nations

regulate prices and wages during the war.

encourage workers to buy liberty bonds for the war effort.

provide enforcement of the government’s rationing system.

regulate the conversion of private industry to be used in war industries.

set up production and priorities for control of raw materials.

to protest race riots in northern cities such as Detroit and New York.

to demand the end of racial segregation in the armed forces.

to force President Roosevelt to speak out against the lynching of African Americans in the South.

to protest against defense contractors who discriminated against African Americans.

to insist that President Roosevelt include domestic workers under the Fair Labor Standards Act that guaranteed minimum wages for workers.

Federal aid to education

Desegregation of the armed forces

A national health insurance plan

Expansion of Social Security benefits

Civil rights legislation to abolish the poll tax

Senator Huey Long.

Senator Joseph McCarthy.

Senator Alan Cranston.

Senator Hiram Bingham.

Senator Reed Smoot.

David Riesman

William H. Whyte

Vance Packard

John Kenneth Galbraith

David Halberstam

provided the Justice Department with new power to desegregate schools in the South.

created the Department of Housing and Urban Development.

established a permanent Civil Rights Division of the Justice Department.

allowed the federal government to suspend educational funding for southern schools that were not fully integrated.

was vetoed by President Eisenhower, but Congress overrode his veto to ensure its passage.

John Foster Dulles

Dean Rusk

Robert McNamara

McGeorge Bundy

Dean Acheson

Kennedy lifting the Cuban blockade.

Khrushchev withdrawing missiles from Cuba.

setting up a hot line for communication during a crisis.

the United States promising not to invade Cuba.

the United States agreeing to turn over the American bases at Guantánamo.

Silent Majority

New Left of the 1960s

"Me" generation

Hippies of the 1960s

Beat Generation

the United States would establish détente with the Soviet Union in order to limit China’s influence in Asia.

China and the United States would establish diplomatic relations with each other.

Taiwan would be guaranteed U.S. protection against invasion by Communist China.

America would honor its military agreement with its Asian allies, but would limit the number of combat troops in its allies’ wars.

America would continue to send troops to countries fighting communism in Asia.

United Farm Workers.

Congress of Racial Equality.

United Mine Workers.

Sierra Club.

American Indian Movement.

use Vice President Spiro Agnew to attack liberal and antiwar protesters.

appeal to the Silent Majority.

appoint southern conservative judges to the Supreme Court.

establish greater rapport with the press.

appeal to Catholic, ethnic, and blue-collar workers by stressing traditional values.

continuing the policy of détente with the Soviet Union.

the belief that opening relations with China would strengthen American interests in the area.

working closely with the United Nations to promote peace.

limiting American involvement with our NATO allies.

making human rights the cornerstone of the policy.

reducing taxes.

deregulating the airline and banking industries.

increasing defense spending.

returning more power to the states.

privatizing the Social Security system.

Michael Harrington

Christopher Lasch

Rachel Carson

Paul Ehrlich

Arthur Laffer

the Contract with America.

the Moral Majority.

Focus on the Family.

opposition to President Clinton’s health care reforms.

support for the Roe v. Wade decision.