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- 1. Multiple Choice
Which of the following best replaces the question mark in the diagram above? 8.10(B)
Former Mexican territory
Dependent on slavery
Settled by Mormons
Large coal deposits
- 2. Multiple Choice
All the events listed above occurred during — 8.1(A)
the era of westward expansion
the Era of Good Feelings
the Revolutionary era
the Jacksonian era
- 3. Multiple Choice
Which of the following should replace the question mark in this diagram? 8.4(D)
Direct democracy
Great Compromise
Checks and balances
Missouri Compromise
- 4. Multiple Choice
Southern states passed the codes described in this excerpt in order to — 8.9(C)
limit the effects of the Reconstruction Amendments
increase the labor supply for factory jobs in the North
decrease the number of northern representatives in Congress
improve relations with the Democratic Party
- 5. Multiple Choice
This excerpt provides evidence that in 1844 Democrats supported — 8.6(B)
federal financing of transportation systems in the West
making Manifest Destiny an official federal policy
social Darwinism as a justification for expansion
prohibiting the expansion of slavery into new areas of the United States
- 6. Multiple Choice
Which problem did George Washington encounter when he became president? 8.5(A)
Southern states were threatening to secede from the Union.
The United States had large debts from the American Revolution.
Great Britain was refusing to trade with the United States.
The Articles of Confederation needed to be replaced with a stronger constitution.
- 7. Multiple Choice
How did geography influence the early economic development of New York, Boston, and Charleston? 8.10(B)
Long coastlines offered abundant natural resources.
Proximity to flooding rivers limited development.
Natural harbors provided access to markets.
Extreme climates limited productive activity.
- 8. Multiple Choice
During the early 1800s many young women in New England were employed outside their homes as — 8.23(E)
crew members on cargo ships
cloth weavers in textile mills
staff reporters for local newspapers
legal counselors in state courts
- 9. Multiple Choice
Which right best completes the diagram? 8.15(D)
The right to bear arms
Freedom to speak without fear of punishment
Protection from cruel and unusual punishment
Freedom of the press to report on court proceedings
- 10. Multiple Choice
After the end of the Revolutionary War, states were eager to expand into newly available territory. The states of New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Virginia argued over competing claims to land west of the Appalachian Mountains. This conflict was addressed by the — 8.6(A)
Missouri Compromise
Wilmot Proviso
Northwest Ordinance
Kansas-Nebraska Act
- 11. Multiple Choice
What was one major impact of this novel? 8.24(A)
The profits from book sales funded early labor organizations.
Congress was inspired to pass laws outlawing the abuse of slaves.
The Supreme Court overturned fugitive slave laws.
Support grew for the abolitionist movement.
- 12. Multiple Choice
British colonists objected to the Proclamation of 1763 because they — 8.4(A)
feared it would provoke attacks from American Indians
did not want to share control of the fur trade with France
resented the limits it imposed on westward expansion
wanted to be able to trade freely with foreign nations
- 13. Multiple Choice
Which of these describes a result of the Thirteenth Amendment? 8.16(A)
African Americans in the North could vote.
State governments were required to protect individual rights.
Former Confederate officials were prohibited from holding elected office.
African Americans in the South could move elsewhere.
- 14. Multiple Choice
One attempt to resolve this issue without violence involved which action? 8.23(C)
The Cherokee Nation challenged Georgia’s anti-Cherokee laws before the U.S. Supreme Court.
Georgia asked the federal government for funds to purchase Cherokee land.
The Cherokee Nation asked President Andrew Jackson to negotiate with Georgia.
Georgia offered to grant U.S. citizenship to the Cherokees.
- 15. Multiple Choice
When citizens report for jury duty, they are helping uphold a constitutional right guaranteed by the — 8.19(C)
First Amendment
Second Amendment
Sixth Amendment
Ninth Amendment
- 16. Multiple Choice
This diagram describes events in colonial America that are related to — 8.25(A)
the eventual adoption of the U.S. Constitution
the formation of a government controlled by religious officials
the creation of a national system of checks and balances
the establishment of the principle of religious freedom
- 17. Multiple Choice
These speakers are debating an issue that eventually became known as the — 8.17(B)
Monroe Doctrine
Nullification Crisis
Missouri Compromise
Three-Fifths Compromise
- 18. Multiple Choice
Catholics immigrated to the Maryland colony in the seventeenth century primarily to — 8.23(A)
profit from natural resources
avoid crop failures and famine
produce cash crops to pay off debts
escape persecution
- 19. Multiple Choice
Which of the following reversed the Supreme Court ruling in Dred Scott v. Sandford? 8.18(A)
The Dawes Act
The Fourteenth Amendment
The Compromise of 1877
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
- 20. Multiple Choice
Which of these best completes the diagram? 8.6(D)
California
Nevada
Texas
Florida
- 21. Multiple Choice
In the 1840s, thousands of Irish immigrants came to the United States seeking to escape — 8.23(A)
a civil war between Protestants and Catholics
a famine caused by the failure of a staple food crop
a series of violent conflicts between the British and Irish governments
a series of smallpox epidemics
- 22. Multiple Choice
What was one major effect of the opening of the Erie Canal? 8.27(B)
The cost of shipping goods on eastern roads increased.
The number of ships passing through northern ports decreased.
The cost of shipping goods from the Midwest decreased.
The volume of trade passing through southern ports increased.
- 23. Multiple Choice
The primary goal of the American Temperance Society was to — 8.24(B)
ban the spread of slavery to new territories
decrease the consumption of alcohol
gain the release of mentally ill people from prisons
create a self-sufficient utopian society
- 24. Multiple Choice
Patrick Henry opposed ratifying the U.S. Constitution because he believed that under it — 8.4(E)
the states would surrender too much power to the federal government
alliances could not be formed with other countries
the courts would not be able to hold government officials accountable
individuals would exercise too much power over the federal government
- 25. Multiple Choice
The Continental Congress issued this commission to —
Benedict Arnold
Alexander Hamilton
John Hancock
George Washington
- 26. Multiple Choice
Which principle of U.S. government is most clearly reflected in the amendment above? 8.15(D)
Checks and balances
Federalism
Separation of powers
Due process
- 27. Multiple Choice
Which of these was an effect of the Industrial Revolution on U.S. women in the early nineteenth century? 2.28(B)
Women in unions gained bargaining power with employers.
The government passed laws to improve safety for women in the workplace.
Women seeking work migrated from rural communities to cities.
State governments called conventions in support of women’s suffrage.
- 28. Multiple Choice
Which of the following was a result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854? 8.7(C)
Fighting broke out between pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups in Kansas.
Kansas entered the Union as a slave state through popular sovereignty in 1856.
Nebraskan settlers who supported abolition moved to Kansas.
The boundary established by the Missouri Compromise of 1820 was extended farther south.
- 29. Multiple Choice
Which precedent was established by the Supreme Court ruling in Marbury v. Madison? 8.18(B)
The federal government has the power to regulate trade among the states.
State governments lack the authority to regulate federal bureaus.
Federal courts determine the constitutionality of a law.
State courts lack the authority to hear cases challenging federal law.
- 30. Multiple Choice
After General Robert E. Lee’s surrender at Appomattox Court House, the main priority of the United States was to — 8.8(B)
elect a new president and vice president
complete construction of the Capitol
establish Union forts in the former Confederate states
implement a plan to bring Confederate states back into the Union
- 31. Multiple Choice
A tourist would most likely go to the location shown on the map to visit —n 8.10(A)
the Elizabeth Cady Stanton House in Women’s Rights National Historical Park
Historic Jamestowne in Colonial National Historical Park
Independence Hall in Independence National Historical Park
George Washington’s Headquarters in Valley Forge National Historical Park
- 32. Multiple Choice
This event best demonstrates which feature of the American way of life? 8.25(C)
The First Amendment guarantees personal freedoms.
The Declaration of Independence asserts the principle of popular sovereignty.
The U.S. Constitution establishes the structure of the federal government.
The Fifth Amendment protects the rights of the accused.
- 33. Multiple Choice
This painting shares a common theme with which literary work? 8.26(C)
“The Tell-Tale Heart,” by Edgar Allan Poe
The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne
“Paul Revere’s Ride,” by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
Nature, by Ralph Waldo Emerson
- 34. Multiple Choice
In 1787 the United States was at a crossroads. Farmers in western Massachusetts had rebelled the year before over property taxes. The state struggled to end the rebellion. Events such as this one contributed to the decision to — 8.1(C)
sign the Treaty of Paris
repeal the Intolerable Acts
declare an embargo on imported goods
restructure the federal government
- 35. Multiple Choice
How did the development of the factory system encourage urbanization? 8.13(B)
Manufacturers produced goods to export overseas.
Labor unions were formed to protect mill workers.
Workers moved closer to manufacturing centers.
Industrialists invested in cotton plantations.
- 36. Multiple Choice
This excerpt refers to rights that people — 8.19(A)
earn by demonstrating loyalty to their government
receive by becoming citizens of a country
have as a result of being human
are granted after enlistment in the military
- 37. Multiple Choice
In 1787, Congress awarded John Paul Jones the Congressional Gold Medal in honor of his “valor and brilliant services” during the Revolutionary War. Which accomplishment was Congress recognizing? 8.22(B)
Leading the evacuation of Washington, D.C., during the British invasion
Preparing the strategy for the American victory at Yorktown
Persuading France to provide military assistance to the Continental army
Commanding a victory at sea against the British navy
- 38. Multiple Choice
Which idea does President Lincoln express in this excerpt? 8.8(C)
The Union exists only through the consent of sovereign states.
The Union requires a nationwide decision on slavery.
The Union matters more than current disagreements between states.
The Union will be preserved through military force if necessary.
- 39. Multiple Choice
After the War of 1812, thousands of settlers and immigrants moved to the western frontiers of the United States in search of farming and business opportunities. In response, the government began building roads. This transportation network was intended to — 8.14(A)
promote the free-enterprise system
establish federal control over industry
discourage the organization of new territories
prevent border disputes between states
- 40. Multiple Choice
The introduction of interchangeable parts led directly to the — 8.27(C)
formation of the patent system
creation of labor unions
use of mass-production techniques
eight-hour workday
- 41. Multiple Choice
Which of the following best completes the diagram above? 8.5(D)
Boston Tea Party
War of 1812
American Revolution
Civil War
- 42. Multiple Choice
Which statement best explains the significance of the Mayflower Compact? 8.3(B)
It limited the power of future colonial governments.
It weakened the influence of religion in government.
It established a form of self-government based on a social contract.
It guaranteed liberties for colonists through local government.
- 43. Multiple Choice
George Mason refused to sign the Constitution and opposed its ratification because he believed that it — 8.17(A)
did not adequately protect individuals from potential government abuse
did not give the executive branch enough power to oversee the military
prevented the legislative branch from effectively governing the states
prevented the judicial branch from using judicial review to overturn acts of the legislature
- 44. Multiple Choice
The first political parties in the United States were established in the 1790s largely because of political differences between — 8.5(C)
John Adams and Benjamin Franklin
Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Paine
George Washington and James Madison
Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton
- 45. Multiple Choice
Which feature of colonial self-government does this charter establish? 8.20(A)
Direct democracy
An elected legislature
Separation of powers
Checks and balances
- 46. Multiple Choice
Which of the following was a defining characteristic of the Era of Good Feelings? 8.1(A)
The United States ceded territory to Great Britain in an attempt to avoid war.
There was a renewed sense of nationalism.
Evangelical revivalists challenged religious traditionalists.
Many states called for a restructuring of the federal government.
- 47. Multiple Choice
Which of the following best replaces the question mark in the diagram above? 8.3(A)
Created a general council to manage the colonies
Experienced strict control by Parliament
Established their own representative institutions
Appointed governors who reported to the king
- 48. Multiple Choice
Which group was responsible for answering these questions? 8.4(C)
Settlers creating the Mayflower Compact
Delegates writing the Articles of Confederation
Representatives drafting the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
Colonists negotiating the Albany Plan of Union
- 49. Multiple Choice
The Bessemer steel process affected westward expansion in the United States by enabling — 8.27(A)
clipper ships to be built in order to transport passengers from the East Coast to theWest Coast
interstate canal systems to be built in order to transport agricultural goods from west to east
Conestoga wagons to be built in order to carry people and goods to the West
railroads to be built in order to carry people and goods to the West
- 50. Multiple Choice
How did the plantation system influence the economic development of the United States? 8.12(B)
It prevented the development of industry in the Northeast.
It turned the South into a major producer of the cotton used in northern mills.
It restricted agricultural expansion in the western territories.
It increased federal dependency on tariffs for revenue.
- 51. Multiple Choice
Which principle of U.S. government is illustrated in the sequence shown above? 8.15(D)
Judicial review
Checks and balances
Popular sovereignty
Federalism
- 52. Multiple Choice
The growth of railroads during the nineteenth century affected U.S. businesses by — 8.27(B)
discouraging Congress from instituting tariffs
increasing the cost of raw materials
decreasing the wages of unskilled workers
opening new markets for goods
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