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8th -
10thgrade
Earth Science Regents Review - Earth's Interior
23 questions
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- 1. Multiple Choice
The diagram represents a model of Earth’s surface and internal structure. Letters A, B, C, and D represent four different layers. Some depths below Earth’s surface are shown. Which Earth layer is inferred to be composed of solid nickel and iron?
A
B
C
D
- 2. Multiple ChoiceIn which area of Earth’s interior is the pressure most likely to be 1.2 million atmospheres?AsthenosphereStiffer MantleInner CoreOuter Core
- 3. Multiple ChoiceAt which depth below Earth’s surface is the interface between Earth’s outer core and stiffer mantle located?700 km2900 km2000 km5100 km
- 4. Multiple ChoiceScientists have classified Earth’s interior into the known layers based primarily on evidence gained by studyingdeep drill coresvolcanic eruptionsgravity measurementsearthquake seismic waves
- 5. Multiple ChoiceAccording to the Earth Science Reference Tables, as the depth within the Earth's interior increases, thedensity, temperature, and pressure increasedensity, temperature, and pressure decreasedensity and temperature increase, but pressure decreasesdensity increases, but temperature and pressure decrease
- 6. Multiple ChoiceCompared to oceanic crust, continental crust is generallyolder and thinnerolder and thickeryounger and thinneryounger and thicker
- 7. Multiple ChoiceAccording to the plate tectonics theory, the Peru-Chile Trench and the Andes Mountains formed along the west coast of South American because the South American Platecollided with the Nazca Platecollided with the North American Plateslid away from the Nazca Plateslid away from the North American Plate
- 8. Multiple ChoiceWhen two tectonic plates collide, oceanic crust usually subducts beneath continental crust because oceanic crust is primarliy composed of igneous rock that haslow density and is maficlow density and is felsichigh density and is mafichigh density and is felsic
- 9. Multiple Choice
The cross-section shows the direction of movement of an oceanic plate over a mantle hot spot, resulting in the formation of a chain of volcanoes labeled A, B, C, and D. The geologic age of volcano C is shown. What are the most likely geologic ages of volcanoes B and D?
B is 5 million years old and D is 12 million years old
B is 12 million years old and D is 6 million years old
B is 9 million years old and D is 9 million years old
B is 10 million years old and D is 4 million years old
- 10. Multiple ChoiceThe movement of tectonic plates is inferred by many scientists to be driven bytidal motions in the hydrospheredensity differences in the troposphereconvection currents in the asthenospheresolidification in the lithosphere
- 11. Multiple ChoiceWhich features are commonly formed at the plate boundaries where continental crust converges with oceanic crust?large volcanic mountain ranges parallel to the coast at the center of the continentsA deep ocean trench and a continental volcanic mountain range near the coastAn underwater volcanic mountain range and rift valley on the ocean ridge near the coastLong chains of mid-ocean volcanic islands perpendicular to the coast
- 12. Multiple Choice
The map to the right shows the continents of Africa and South America, the ocean between them, and the ocean ridge and transform faults. Locations A and D are on the continents. Locations B and C are on the ocean floor. The oldest basaltic crust is most likely located at point
A
B
C
D
- 13. Multiple ChoiceA seismic station is located 8000 kilometers from the epicenter of an earthquake. How long did it take the first P-wave to travel from the epicenter to the seismic station?9 minutes 20 seconds11 minutes 20 seconds20 minutes 40 seconds4 minutes 20 seconds
- 14. Multiple Choice
A seismograph records the arrival of a P-wave at 11:13 am. If the earthquake occurred 4000 kilometers from the recording station, when did the earthquake occur?
11:06 am
11:13 am
11:11 am
11:00 am
- 15. Multiple ChoiceWhich statement correctly compares seismic P-waves with seismic S-waves?P-waves travel faster than S-waves and pass through Earth’s liquid zones.P-waves travel faster than S-waves and do not pass through Earth’s liquid zones.P-waves travel slower than S-waves and pass through Earth’s liquid zones.P-waves travel slower than S-waves and do not pass through Earth’s liquid zones.
- 16. Multiple ChoiceThe P-wave generated by an earthquake took 2 minutes and 40 seconds to reach one of the seismic stations. Approximately how long did the S-wave take to reach the same seismic station?1 minute 20 seconds2 minutes 40 seconds3 minutes 30 seconds4 minutes 50 seconds
- 17. Multiple ChoiceHow many seismic stations must report seismogram information in order to locate an epicenter?OneTwoThreeFour
- 18. Multiple Choice
The seismogram shows P-wave and S-wave arrival times at a seismic station following an earthquake. The distance from this seismic station to the epicenter of the earthquake is approximately
1,600 km
3,200 km
4,400 km
5,600 km
- 19. Multiple Choice
Earth’s internal heat is the primary source of energy that
warms the lower troposphere
melts glacial ice at lower altitudes
moves the lithospheric plates
pollutes deep groundwater with radioactivty
- 20. Multiple Choice
In which layer of Earth’s interior is the inferred temperature 6,000º C?
crust
outer core
inner core
mantle
- 21. Multiple Choice
The composition of Earth’s core is thought to be the same as the composition of many
meteorites
volcanic ashes
granites
basalts
- 22. Multiple Choice
On the map above, line AB is drawn across several of Earth’s tectonic plates in the South Atlantic Ocean. Which cross section best represents the plate boundaries and mantle movement beneath line AB?
- 23. Multiple Choice
Which graph best shows the range of density in each of Earth’s layers?
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