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- 1. Multiple Choice
Fossils fuels are an important part of modern society. Which statement best explains how air pollution from fossil fuels affects a marine environment?
A. Air pollution increases oxygen levels in the atmosphere, causing no change in a marine environment.
B. Burning fossils fuels accumulates pollutants in the atmosphere, causing smog in a marine environment.
C. Burning fossil fuels accumulates pollutants in the atmosphere, impacting the pH of a marine ecosystem.
D. Air pollution increases oxygen levels in the atmosphere, causing a change in temperature of a marine ecosystem.
- 2. Multiple Choice
What is the primary benefit of using wind power and solar energy, rather than coal and natural gas?
A. Wind power and solar energy are cost efficient, while coal and natural gas are very expensive.
B. Wind power and solar energy are renewable energy sources while coal and natural gas are non-renewable.
C. Wind power and solar energy may cause atmospheric pollution, while coal and natural gas are environmentally safe.
D. Wind power and solar energy generate large amounts of electricity, while coal and natural gas are extremely efficient
- 3. Multiple Choice
When comparing and contrasting nonrenewable and renewable energy sources, which of the following statements is true?
A. Most nonrenewable resources are not easily transported and cost more to produce, while renewable resources are cleaner burning and do not contribute to global warming.
B. Most nonrenewable resources are easily transported and are naturally available, while renewable resources have a higher upfront cost and are not environmentally friendly.
C. Most nonrenewable resources contribute to global warming and produce harmful gases, while renewable resources are environmentally friendly and have high maintenance cost.
D. Most nonrenewable resources have a higher cost to the consumer and are limited in availability, while renewable resources produce more greenhouse gases and can be replenished.
- 4. Multiple Choice
The National Park Service protects habitats such as the Florida Everglades. Which explanation states the importance of conserving habitats?
A. Habitat conservation protects biodiversity in the region.
B. Habitat conservation encourages the use of limited resources.
C. Habitat conservation prevents the introduction of nonnative species.
D. Habitat conservation contributes to reducing the gene pool in native species.
- 5. Multiple Choice
A city manager notices runoff from a local sewage treatment plant. Which of the following best describes what the city manager should do?
A. The city manager should collect data on the runoff and send it to the community.
B. The city manager should collect data on the runoff and send it to the local newspaper.
C. The city manager should monitor the runoff and assist in developing a pollution control policy.
D. The city manager should monitor the runoff and develop a plan to close the sewage treatment plant.
- 6. Multiple Choice
A housing developer purchases a large empty field. How would the development of a housing subdivision most likely affect the existing field ecosystem?
A. Habitats may become fragmented.
B. Biodiversity in the area would increase.
C. Agricultural runoff may pollute local streams.
D. Symbiosis between native species and invasive species would increase.
- 7. Multiple Choice
Diatoms, like most phytoplankton, are much more abundant in the photic zone than in the aphotic zone. Which two factors found in the photic zone are the most essential for phytoplankton?
A. sunlight and oxygen
B. nutrients and oxygen
C. sunlight and carbon dioxide
D. nutrients and carbon dioxide
- 8. Multiple Choice
Which type of plant life would be present in a climax community but would NOT be present in the early stages of succession?
A. grasses
B. shrubs
C. trees
D. wildflowers
- 9. Multiple Choice
Which change would increase competition among a population of deer in an ecosystem?
A. increase in birth rate
B. increase in death rate
C. increase in emigration
D. increase in carrying capacity
- 10. Multiple Choice
Forests are often cut down to clear land for agricultural uses. How would clearing a forest for farmland most likely affect the local forest ecosystem?
A. Rates of disease would decrease, causing an increase in forest biodiversity.
B. Habitat fragmentation would decrease, causing a decrease in forest biodiversity.
C. Forest plant populations would decrease, causing a decrease in forest biodiversity.
D. Habitat for forest animals would decrease, causing an increase in forest biodiversity.
- 11. Multiple Choice
The venomous lionfish is native to the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean. This fish has recently been introduced into the Atlantic Ocean. Which of the following could describe a consequence of the introduction of this invasive species?
A. Native fish species will not be affected by the lionfish.
B. Native predators will quickly decrease the population of the lionfish.
C. Native fish species will increase in population due to a new prey species.
D. Native fish species will show reduced populations due to competition with the lionfish.
- 12. Multiple Choice
Which of the following best describes the cycle of matter between humans and the environment?
A. Humans exhale carbon dioxide, which plants use in cellular respiration.
B. Humans inhale oxygen from plants, which is used in cellular respiration to produce water.
C. Humans inhale oxygen from plants, which is used in photosynthesis to produce carbon dioxide.
D. Humans exhale carbon dioxide, which plants use in photosynthesis to produce more carbon dioxide.
- 13. Multiple Choice
. Which of the following would most likely result in decreasing carbon dioxide levels in a lake?
A. an increase in the amount of precipitation
B. a decrease in competition among producers
C. an increase in the number of fish caught from the lake
D. a decrease in the amount of sedimentation entering the lake
- 14. Multiple Choice
Which statement correctly describes a step in the carbon cycle?
A. Photosynthesis adds carbon directly to the lithosphere.
B. Cellular respiration adds carbon directly to the atmosphere.
C. Burning fossil fuels removes carbon directly from the biosphere. .
D. Cellular respiration removes carbon directly from the atmosphere
- 15. Multiple Choice
. Water has been cycling on this planet for approximately 3.8 billion years. When Earth was formed 4.6 billion years ago, water was not present. At some point, most likely due to the action of volcanoes, hydrogen and oxygen gases were released from molten rock forming water vapor and the first clouds in the atmosphere. What was the next step that had to occur in order for the water cycle to begin?
A. Clouds would have precipitated cooling the surface of Earth.
B. Lightning from the clouds would have fixed nitrogen in the atmosphere.
C. Clouds would have dissipated due to the extreme heat of the Earth's surface. .
D. Some of the oxygen in the atmosphere would interact with UV radiation to form ozone
- 16. Multiple Choice
Which statement explains the location of producers in an energy pyramid?
A. Producers are outside the pyramid because they can make their own energy.
B. Producers are at the bottom of the pyramid because they have the most energy.
C. Producers are in the middle of the pyramid because they support other organisms.
D. Producers are at the top of the pyramid because they convert sunlight into food energy.
- 17. Multiple Choice
In a food web, the available energy decreases as it moves from one trophic level to the next. Which of the following explains why this occurs?
A. The lowest trophic levels receive their energy directly from the Sun.
B. The lower trophic levels have more biomass than the upper trophic levels.
C. Metabolism and other processes at each trophic level are not 100% efficient.
D. Storage of available energy is easier for animals in the lower trophic levels than those at the top.
- 18. Multiple Choice
. In the carbon cycle, what purpose do bacteria serve?
A. They act as a reservoir for carbon by storing it in the form of dissolved organic carbon.
B. They break down carbon compounds from decaying organisms and release the carbon as carbon dioxide.
C. They convert glucose from living organisms into energy and release the carbon in the form of carbon dioxide.
D. They absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and convert the carbon into glucose for organisms to consume.
- 19. Multiple Choice
The diagram below shows an aquatic food web.
Which of the following would be the most immediate consequence if a disease caused a decline in the filter feeder populations?
A. Plant and animal plankton populations would decrease.
B. Small fish populations would decrease.
C. Large crab populations would increase.
D. Sea urchin populations would increase.
- 20. Multiple Choice
The following diagram shows an aquatic food web.
Which of the following organisms shown above is only a primary consumer?
A. kelps
B. larger crabs
C. animal plankton
D. smaller predatory fish
- 21. Multiple Choice
The diagram shows some stages of the water cycle. THE WATER CYCLE
What process is occurring at 1 and 2 in the diagram?
A. Water is being absorbed through the roots of plants.
B. Water is condensing on the surfaces of plant leaves.
C. Water is evaporating from the ground under the plants.
D. Water is being released from plants through transpiration.
- 22. Multiple ChoiceAt what stage does this population reach it's carrying capacity on the Demographic Transition Model1234
- 23. Multiple ChoiceWhen a plant uptakes water and transpires it to the atmosphere, this is known as _______CondensationEvapotranspirationInfiltrationAquifer
- 24. Multiple ChoiceBacteria which convert nitrogen gas into bio-available forms of nitrogen, such as ammonia and nitrate, are known as _____De-nitrification bacteriaNitrogen fixing bacteriaOxidizersBuffers
- 25. Multiple ChoiceIn the food chain below if the worm contains 6 calories of energy, how much energy is available to the turtle to grow, develop, and reproduce if it ingest 10 worms?0.060.6660
- 26. Multiple ChoiceWhat may happen if the snowshoe hare was removed from the food web pictured?The insects in the habitat would increase.The shrew population would decrease due to being only hawk food source.The willow tree population would decrease.Foxes would dies due to no food source.
- 27. Multiple ChoiceA carbon "sink" is best described as:a reservoir that readily releases carbon to another reservoira carbon reservoir that stores more carbon that it is releasingsomething that causes carbon to leak out to the atmospherea carbon reservoir that is releasing more carbon than it is taking in
- 28. Multiple ChoiceWhich biome, because of its climate and amount of rainfall, has the largest number of species of plants and animals?TundraRainforestDesertPineforest
- 29. Multiple Choice
How does the predator-prey relationship affect a population?
A. The predators and prey are in competition with each other.
B. Usually either the predator or the prey will become extinct.
C. The predator species usually has exponential growth.
D. The relationship controls the population size of both species.
- 30. Multiple Choice
When an environment has reached its carrying capacity for a certain population, which of the following is true?
A. Growth and immigration rate is equal to death and emigration rate.
B. Growth and immigration rate is greater than death and emigration rate.
C. Growth and immigration rate is less than death and emigration rate.
D. Growth rate is exponential.
- 31. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is a limiting factor in a population of organisms.
A. reproductive replacement
B. life spans of the members
C. fluctuations in atmospheric temperature
D. availability of food
- 32. Multiple Choice
The number of pythons found throughout Everglades National Park has increased in recent years. These huge snakes are not native to Florida and are believed to have been released into the wild by pet owners. Wildlife biologists have initiated attempts to capture and remove these pythons. Which statement best explains the biologists' reasons for removing these pythons from the Everglades?
A. The pythons could upset the territorial boundaries of native organisms.
B. The pythons could adapt to overcome diseases common to native snakes.
C. The pythons could prey on native organisms and cause native population to decline.
D. The pythons could begin to interbreed with native snakes and produce a more successful species.
- 33. Multiple Choice
Data on the immigration and emigration of a fish species would be most helpful in determining which of the following?
A. biological magnification ips
B. interspecies competition
C. population of the species
D. predator-prey relationship
- 34. Multiple Choice
When an environment has reached its carrying capacity for a certain population, which of the following is true?
A. Growth and immigration rate is equal to death and emigration rate.
B. Growth and immigration rate is greater than death and emigration rate.
C. Growth and immigration rate is less than death and emigration rate.
D. Growth rate is exponential.
- 35. Multiple Choice
The common brushtail possum is a marsupial native to Australia. This possum was introduced to New Zealand where it had no natural predators and had an abundant food supply. Which of these likely occurred a few years after the introduction of this possum to New Zealand?
A. The possums became extinct.
B. The possums developed shorter life spans.
C. The possum population grew to a larger size.
D. The possum population evolved into a different species.
- 36. Multiple Choice
The number of pythons found throughout Everglades National Park has increased in recent years. These huge snakes are not native to Florida and are believed to have been released into the wild by pet owners. Wildlife biologists have initiated attempts to capture and remove these pythons. Which statement best explains the biologists' reasons for removing these pythons from the Everglades?
A. The pythons could upset the territorial boundaries of native organisms.
B. The pythons could adapt to overcome diseases common to native snakes.
C. The pythons could prey on native organisms and cause native population to decline.
D. The pythons could begin to interbreed with native snakes and produce a more successful species.
- 37. Multiple Choice
Mullet are local estuarine fish that move in schools and feed on plankton and plant matter. Natural predators of the mullet include spotted sea trout, sharks, pelicans and dolphins. The graph below shows how the number of mullet in an area has changed over time. Based on the data, one student concludes that a new predator was introduced into the area during this time period. Which of the following is a likely alternate explanation for the change in the mullet population?
A. mullet prey increased in the area
B. mullet parasites decreased in the area
C. the temperature of the area increased
D. the amount of aquatic plants in the area decreased
- 38. Multiple Choice
A team of ecologists observed feeding patterns of several populations in the desert. The energy pyramid shown below depicts the feeding patterns the ecologist observed. Which of the following best explains the difference in the amount of available energy in the trophic levels of the desert ecosystem?
A. There is less energy available in the producers because their tissues are less dense than those at higher trophic levels.
B. There is more energy available in the second trophic level because less energy is needed for hunting compared to the higher trophic levels.
C. There is more available energy in the birds of prey because they have greater muscle mass for storing energy than organisms in lower trophic levels have.
D. There is less available energy in the fourth trophic level because of the loss of energy through metabolism in each of the lower trophic levels.
- 39. Multiple Choice
A diagram of a food web is shown below. Which organism receives the least amount of energy from the producers?
A. Hawk
B. Rabbit
C. Grasshopper
D. Mouse
- 40. Multiple Choice
The diagram below shows the flow of carbon in a terrestrial ecosystem. Which will most likely happen if the decomposers are removed from the carbon cycle?
A. The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will increase.
B. The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will decrease.
C. The amount of carbon dioxide used by producers will increase.
D. The amount of carbon dioxide needed by consumers will decrease.
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