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- 1. Multiple Choice
S8P1a Which is an example of a mixture?
water
hydrogen gas
a blueberry muffin
a spoon made of the element silver
- 2. Multiple Choice
S8P1a Which of the following is an example of a pure substance?
a sample of oxygen gas
a solution of sugar water
a mixture of pasta and sauce
an alloy of iron and carbon
- 3. Multiple Choice
S8P1a Ammonia can be represented by the chemical formula NH3. Which of the following best describes ammonia?
an atom
a compound
an element
a mixture
- 4. Multiple Choice
S8P1a An unknown substance is provided in a science class. It consists of particles that are different colors and different sizes. The particles are unevenly distributed throughout the substance. The substance is ___________.
an element
a compound
a homogeneous mixture
a heterogeneous mixture
- 5. Multiple Choice
S8P1a A diagram of a particle is shown above. The particle is most likely _________.
an atom
a molecule
a homogeneous mixture
a heterogeneous mixture
- 6. Multiple Choice
S8P1e Which are the name and atomic number for the element?
K and 19
K and 39.098
Potassium and 19
Potassium and 39.098
- 7. Multiple Choice
S8P1e An atom of the element has how many protons?
18
19
39
58
- 8. Multiple Choice
S8P1e Which of the following could be the chemical symbol representing the element cobalt?
co
Co
CO
Cob
- 9. Multiple Choice
S8P1e The model shows a neutral atom. How many protons are in this atom?
2
4
5
9
- 10. Multiple Choice
S8P1e In which period, or row, of the periodic table would you find this element?
Period 2
Period 4
Period 6
Period 7
- 11. Multiple Choice
S8P1b Which type of arrangment and movement would particles of mercury display?
Particles closely packed together and they vibrate back and forth
Particles are spread far apart and they move quickly
Particles are close together but they are able to slip past one another
Particles are spread far apart and electrons are detached from atoms
- 12. Multiple Choice
S8P1b In which state of matter do particles spread and fill the volume of the container that holds them?
gas
ice
solid
liquid
- 13. Multiple Choice
S8P1b How is plasma different from gas?
Plasma has a definite shape, but gas does not
Gas is hotter than plasma
Electrons separate from atoms in plasma
Gas has a definite volume, but plasma does not
- 14. Multiple Choice
S8P1c A scientist performs an investigation in which thermal energy is removed from a sample of a substance. When the substance begins to change from a gas to a liquid, the scientist measures the temperature of the substance. This temperature is the substance's _______
melting point
freezing point
evaporation point
condensation point
- 15. Multiple Choice
S8P1cd Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?
water evaporating
carbon joining with oxygen to form carbon dioxide
ice cream melting
salt dissolving in water to form a solution
- 16. Multiple Choice
S8P1cd What happens during a physical change?
new substances are formed
the identity of the substance is changed
a chemical reaction occurs
the form of a substance changes but not its identity
- 17. Multiple Choice
S8P1cd When enough heat is added to liquid water, it boils, and bubbles of water vapor rise to the surface and into the air. Which type of change is this and why?
a chemical change because gas is produced
a chemical change because heat is produced
a physical change because the identity fo the substance changes
a physical change, because the substance changes state
- 18. Multiple Choice
S8P1cd A sample of aluminum has a volume of 3.0 cm3 and a mass of 8.1g. Which is the density of aluminum?
2.7 g/cm3
5.1 g
11.1 cm3
24.3 g/cm3
- 19. Multiple Choice
S8P1f According to the law of conservation of matter, which of the following is true?
In a chemical reaction, the total mass of the reactants is greater than the total mass of the products.
In a chemical reactions, the total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products
In a chemical reaction, elements change into other elements, but new matter is not created
In a chemical reaction, matter cannot change form, but new matter can be created
- 20. Multiple Choice
S8P1f Look at the incomplete chemical equation: Ca + Cl2 --> ?
The reactants are shown. How many chlorine (Cl) atoms must be present in the product that forms this reaction?
1
2
3
4
- 21. Multiple Choice
S8P1f During a chemical reaction, methane (CH4) and oxygen (O2) combine to produce carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). The balanced chemical equation identifies the reactants and products for this reaction, along with some of their masses.
CH4 + 2O2 --> CO2 + 2H20
16g + ? --> 44g + 36 g
Which mass of oxygen (O2) is required for this reaction to occur?
16 g
36 g
44 g
64 g
- 22. Multiple Choice
S8P3a What is the runner's average speed?
1/4 m/s
4 m/s
10 m/s
40 m/s
- 23. Multiple Choice
S8P3a If the runner continues at the same speed, how far will the runner travel in 30 seconds?
7.5 meter
40 meters
80 meters
120 meters
- 24. Multiple Choice
S8P3a Which data table represents an object that is decelerating?
- 25. Multiple Choice
S8P3b A rocket is traveling through the atmosphere at a constant velocity. Which of the following is true?
The rocket's engine is producing an unbalanced force that keeps the rocket in the air.
All the forces acting on the rocket are balanced
The rocket exerts a greater force on its exhaust gases than the gases exert on the rocket
The rocket is moving, so some net force must be acting on it
- 26. Multiple Choice
S8P3b Student A and Student B are each standing on a skateboard. Student A pushes gently on Student B to start her moving. Student B starts moving away from Student A. What will happen to Student A and why?
Student A will not move, because no forces are acting on her
Student A will move toward Student B, because the same force affects both of them
Student A will immediately stop moving because of friction
Student A will move away from Student B, because an equal and opposite force pushes on her
- 27. Multiple Choice
S8P3c How is an object's mass related to the force needed to accelerate the object?
Mass determines the direction of the force needed
Mass determines the kind of force needed
The greater the mass, the greater the force needed
The smaller the mass, the greater the force needed
- 28. Multiple Choice
S8P5a Two objects move away from each other. What happens to the gravitational attraction between them?
It decreases
It increases
It becomes zero
It does not change
- 29. Multiple Choice
S8P5a Which of the following statements about gravitational fields is true?
Gravitational fields affect objects only when two objects are touching
Gravitational fields affect objects only if the objects are not in contact
Any object that has a mass is surrounded by a gravitational field
Only very massive objects, such as Earth, are surrounded by a gravitational field
- 30. Multiple Choice
S8P3b When a rocket attempts to launch, its engine exerts a force downward. The rocket will not launch until the force of the engine is greater than the weight of the rocket. Why?
The forces must be equal and balanced for the rocket to move
The force of the engine must be twice as strong as the force of gravity for the rocket to move
The rocket must move at a constant velocity to take off
The force of the engine must be greater than the force of gravity to produce a net force upward.
- 31. Multiple Choice
S8P3b If an object falls far enough, it will reach terminal velocity. At this velocity, the force of air resistance is equal to the force of gravity on the object. The forces on the falling object are balanced. What will happen to the object and why?
The object will accelerate toward the ground because gravity is pulling on it
The object will hover in midair because the forces on it are balanced
The object will fall at a constant velocity because the forces on it are balanced
The object will decelerate until it reaches a full stop at the ground
- 32. Multiple Choice
S8P5abc Two balloons are rubbed with a wool cloth. When the balloons are held near one another, they push away from each other. Why does this happen?
The balloons have the same magnetic charge, so they repel each other
The balloons have opposite magnetic charges, so they repel each other
The balloons have the same electric charge, so they repel each other
The balloons have opposite charges, so they repel each other
- 33. Multiple Choice
S8P5abc Which of the following is evidence that a magnetic field surrounds a magnet?
When a paper clip is placed on a bar magnet, it sticks to the magnet
When the north poles of two magnets are brought near each other, they push apart without touching
When a magnet is placed on a metal surface, it sticks to the surface.
When you touch a metal doorknob, sometimes you receive a shock
- 34. Multiple Choice
S8P5abc A magnet sticks to a table leg. Based on this information, which material could the table leg be made of?
iron
wood
copper
aluminum
- 35. Multiple Choice
S8P5abc Two negatively charged particles are 1 millimeter apart. The electric force between them is 20 newtons. How will the amount of electric force between the particles change if the particles move closer together?
The electric force will increase
The electric force will decrease
The electric force will stay the same
The electric force will disappear
- 36. Multiple Choice
S8P5ac Which material could be used for the core of an electromagnet?
a wooden rod
a vial of water
a plastic rod
a nickel rod
- 37. Multiple Choice
S8P5ac What does the iron core of an electromagnet do?
It acts as a conductor, allowing more current to flow through the electromagnet
It acts as an insulator, protecting people from electric shocks
It produces a magnetic field that adds to the overall magnetic field of the electromagnet
It produces the electric current that passes through the wire coil.
- 38. Multiple Choice
S8P5ac An engineer built a device. The main part of the device is a bicycle attached by wires to a light bulb. When the engineer pedals the bicycle, the light bulb lights up. How can the device best be classified?
as a motor
as a generator
as an electromagnet
as an armature
- 39. Multiple Choice
S8P5ac A student built a simple fan using an electromagnet, a permanent magnet, and a fan blade. When she connects the electromagnet to a single dry-cell battery, the fan blade turns. How would the student's fan most likely change if she connected it to two dry-cell batteries?
The fan blade would turn faster
The fan blade would turn slower
The fan would turn in the opposite direction
The fan would not turn at all
- 40. Multiple Choice
S8P2b At which point does the pendulum have the greatest potential energy?
A
B
C
D
- 41. Multiple Choice
S8P2b At which point does the pendulum have the greatest kinetic energy?
A
B
C
D
- 42. Multiple Choice
S8P2a Four objects are on a shelf 1.5 meters above the ground: a 350 gram trophy, a 100 gram picture frame, a 225 gram book, and a 600 gram vase. Which object has the most potential energy?
book
vase
trophy
picture frame
- 43. Multiple Choice
S8P2b A student throws a ball straight up. What happens to the ball's energy as it rises?
The kinetic energy and potential energy of the ball do not change as it rises
The kinetic energy of the ball changes into potential energy as the ball rises
The potential energy of the ball changes into kinetic energy as the ball rises
The kinetic energy of the ball decreases as it rises, but its potential energy does not change.
- 44. Multiple Choice
S8P2c Which of the following is a form of potential energy?
sound energy
chemical energy
thermal energy
mechanical energy
- 45. Multiple Choice
S8P2b A motor uses the magnetic field produced by an electric current to spin an armature. What kind of transformation takes place inside a motor?
chemical energy transforms to magnetic energy
thermal energy transforms to electrical energy
gravitational energy transforms to chemical energy
electrical energy transforms to mechanical energy
- 46. Multiple Choice
S8P2b Which of the following is the best example of a form of kinetic energy being transformed into a form of potential energy?
During photosynthesis, plants use light from the sun to build sugar molecules
During combustion, fuel, such as wood or oil, is broken down chemically to produce heat and light
In a generator, an armature spinning in a magnetic field produces and electric current
In a battery, a chemical reaction releases electrons that can flow as electric current
- 47. Multiple Choice
S8P2c Which of the following is not a source of stored chemical energy that can be turned into a form of kinetic energy?
a battery in a toy car
food
the nucleus of an atom
fossil fuels
- 48. Multiple Choice
S8P2d In which direction does heat move?
from warmer areas to cooler areas
from cooler areas to warmer areas
between areas of equal temperature
- 49. Multiple Choice
S8P2d A metal spoon is placed in a pot of boiling water. Why does the spoon become hot over time?
Currents of hot matter travel up the spoon from the water
Light shining on the spoon causes it to become as hot as the water
Particles in the water collide with particles in the spoon, which then strike other particles in the spoon, transferring energy
Microwaves emitted by the hot water are absorbed by the spoon and transformed into thermal energy
- 50. Multiple Choice
S8P2d How is convection different from conduction?
Convection can transfer heat through a vacuum, but conduction cannot
Conduction can transfer heat through a vacuum, but convection cannot
Convection takes place only in liquids and gases, but conduction transfers heat in solids as well
Convection takes place only in solids, but conduction transfers heat in liquids and gases as well
- 51. Multiple Choice
S8P2d Which is an example of heat transfer through radiation?
Light from a fire shines on objects, which absorb the light and transform it into thermal energy
A fire consumes oxygen in air to produce ash and smoke
A fire heats a pot, which transfers heat to beans in the pot
A fire heats the air around it, which moves out from the fire in currents of warm air
- 52. Multiple Choice
S8P4a Which statement about waves is true?
All waves travel through a medium
All waves contain crests and troughs
All waves contain compressions and rarefactions
All waves transmit energy
- 53. Multiple Choice
S8P4f Wave A and Wave B have the same frequency and wavelength. Wave A has a greater amplitude than Wave B. Which statement best compares the two waves?
Wave A has more energy than Wave B
Wave B has more energy than Wave A
Wave B transmits energy through matter, while Wave A does not
Wave A transmits energy through matter, while Wave B does not
- 54. Multiple Choice
S8P4a Which waves contain compressions and rarefactions?
transverse waves
longitudinal waves
electromagnetic waves
all waves
- 55. Multiple Choice
S8P4f A bell and a siren are producing sound waves. The sound wave produced by the bell has a low frequency. The sound wave produced by the siren has a high frequency. Based on this information, which of the following must be true?
The sound wave produced by the bell has a shorter wavelength than the sound wave produced by the siren
The sound wave produced by the bell has a longer wavelength than the sound wave produced by the siren
The sound wave produced by the bell has a higher amplitude than the sound wave produced by the siren
The sound wave produced by the bell has a lower amplitude than the sound wave produced by the siren
- 56. Multiple Choice
S8P4f A musician is playing an electric guitar. She turns a knob to increase the amplitude of the sound wave produced. How does the sound change?
the pitch increases
the pitch decreases
the volume increases
the volume decreases
- 57. Multiple Choice
S8P4a What kind of wave is a sound wave?
electromagnetic wave
longitudinal wave
transverse wave
air wave
- 58. Multiple Choice
S8P4d A student yells from one side of Canyon A and records the time it takes to hear an echo. The student repeats the process for Canyon B. The time recorded for Canyon B is longer than for Canyon A. Which is the most likely conclusion based on this information?
The rock in Canyon A is denser than the rock in Canyon B
The rock in Canyon A is stiffer than the rock in Canyon B
The distance across Canyon A is longer than the distance across Canyon B
The distance across Canyon A is shorter than the distance across Canyon B
- 59. Multiple Choice
S8P4e In which medium would sound waves travel fastest?
nitrogen gas
liquid kerosene
solid iron
liquid water
- 60. Multiple Choice
S8P4a How do electromagnetic waves differ from mechanical waves?
Mechanical waves have crests and troughs, but electromagnetic waves do not
Mechanical waves need a medium through which to travel, but electromagnetic waves do not
Electromagnetic waves come in many types, but mechanical waves are all the same
Electromagnetic waves carry energy, while mechanical waves carry matter
- 61. Multiple Choice
S8P4b The chart above shows the range of wavelengths for different types of electromagnetic waves. Use the data in the chart to answer the question: Which of the waves transmits the least energy?
gamma rays
x-rays
ultraviolet light
visible light
- 62. Multiple Choice
S8P4c A scientist exposes a sample of the mineral fluorite to EM waves, causing the fluorite to glow. Which kind of EM wave did the scientist use?
visible light
radio waves
ultraviolet light
microwaves
- 63. Multiple Choice
S8P4c Both gamma rays and x-rays
can be seen by humans
can harm living cells
are commonly used in communication
require matter in order to transmit energy
- 64. Multiple Choice
S8P4c Which kinds of EM waves are you most likely to experience while sitting at a campfire?
microwaves and infrared light
infrared light and visible light
visible light and ultraviolet light
ultraviolet light and x rays
- 65. Multiple Choice
S8P4d What happens to a light wave that is absorbed by matter?
It is reflected from the surface of the matter
It is refracted
It bends around the matter
Its energy is turned into heat
- 66. Multiple Choice
S8P4d Which statement explains why a green leaf looks green?
The leaf refracts sunlight, causing it to appear green
The leaf diffracts sunlight, causing it to appear green
The leaf reflects green light and absorbs other colors
The leaf absorbs green light and reflects other colors
- 67. Multiple Choice
S8P4d In the diagram above, the solid arrow represents a light wave traveling through air. Which dashed arrow represents the path the light will travel after reaching the glass?
A
B
C
D
- 68. Multiple Choice
S8P4g Which of the following best describes the purpose of a lens in a camera?
to focus light waves
to reflect light waves
to absorb an image
to produce light
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