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- 1. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is not a part of interphase?G2MG1S
- 2. Multiple ChoiceDNA is replicated during ______ of the cell cycle.G1SG2G0
- 3. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following shows the correct sequence of the cell cycle?Mitosis-> G1->S->G2->cytokinesisS->G1-> G2-> mitosis-> cytokinesiscytokinesis->mitosis->G1->S->G2G1->S->G2->mitosis->cytokinesis
- 4. Multiple Choice
sequenceC,D, B, A, F, ED,A,F,C,E,BB,E,C,F,A,DC,B,D,A E,F - 5. Multiple Choicethe phase of mitosis in which the sister chromatids separate from each otherprophasemetaphaseanaphasetelophase
- 6. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following explains why a cell's size is limited?a. volume increases faster than surface areab. surface area increases faster than volume
- 7. Multiple ChoiceHow does mitosis in plant cells differ from mitosis in animal cells?animal cells form a cell plateplant cells form a cell plateplant cells go through the process in reverseplant cells go through two rounds of mitosis while animal cells just do one
- 8. Multiple ChoiceIf there are 30 chromosomes in the blood cells, how many chromosomes will be in the bone cells?156030120
- 9. Multiple ChoiceDNA wraps around organizing proteins called:chromatinchromatidhistonescentromere
- 10. Multiple ChoiceWhere does DNA synthesis happen in eukaryotic cells?cytoplasmmitochondrianucleusGolgi apparatus
- 11. Multiple ChoiceFruit fly body cells have 8 chromosomes. After mitosis, you would expect a resulting fruit fly daughter cell to have ...16 chromosomes.46 chromosomes.8 chromosomes.4 chromosomes.
- 12. Multiple ChoiceWhich step of the cell cycle do cells spend a majority of their time?ProphaseInterphaseMitosisCytokinesis
- 13. Multiple ChoiceIn which phase of mitosis does the nucleus disappear, centrioles move to the poles, and chromosomes condense into sister chromatids?ProphaseMetaphaseAnaphaseTelophase
- 14. Multiple ChoiceWhy do cells go through cell divisionGrowthReproductionRepairAll of the above
- 15. Multiple ChoiceWhich significance level
(column) do you look at when finding the critical value?.50.10.05.01 - 16. Multiple ChoiceHow do you find degrees of freedom?one less than the possible genotypesone less than the possible phenotypestotal number divided 2total number times 2
- 17. Multiple ChoiceHow do you find critical value?where degrees of freedom lines up with significance level (p-value)where significance level (p-value) lines up with chi-squarethe difference between total and chi-squaredegrees of freedom minus significance level (p-value)
- 18. Multiple ChoiceObserved in the wild are 10 circles, 20 squares and 30 triangles. The ratio for this particular population is 2:3:5
observed: 10 circles expected: 12
observed 20 squares expected : 18
observed 30 triangles expected: 30
How many degrees of freedom are there for this experiment?1234 - 19. Multiple ChoiceHow many degrees of freedom are there for the following χ² test?62536
- 20. Multiple ChoiceObserved in the wild are 10 circles, 20 squares and 30 triangles. The ratio for this particular population is 2:3:5
observed: 10 circles expected: 12
observed 20 squares expected : 18
observed 30 triangles expected: 30
Chi square + 5.96
Would you accept or reject?acceptreject - 21. Multiple ChoiceProgrammed cell death is calledapoptosiscytokinesisinterphasecancer
- 22. Multiple ChoiceWhen it occurs at the proper time, programmed cell death (apoptosis)will disrupt homeostasismay cause defective genetic info to be passed to the next generation of cellsis an important regulatory process that maintains the health of a multicellular organismcan contribute to the development of cancer
- 23. Multiple ChoiceWhich phrase best describes a common characteristic of all cancers?absence of cyclinsdamaged DNAuncontrolled cell growthinherited from parents
- 24. Multiple ChoiceWhat is the role of protein kinases?remove phosphate groups to deactivate enzymestrigger apoptosisadd phosphate groups to activate enzymesstop the cell cycle
- 25. Multiple ChoiceWhich of these may be assessed by various proteins during a "checkpoint"?Ensure that all chromosomes have lined up in the center of the cell before sister chromatids separateEnsure that spindle fibers have attached to all centromeres before cell divisionEnsure that DNA has been replicated properlyAll of these
- 26. Multiple ChoiceIn which stage of the cell cycle are cells most susceptible to mutations?G1SG2G0
- 27. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following correctly describes cell that are in the G0 phase?Mature nerve and muscle cells are unable to divide and are permanently in G0.Many cells enter G0 when they reach the checkpoint during the M phase.Cells in G0 are growing and preparing for cell division.DNA replication occurs during G0.
- 28. Multiple ChoiceHow does the concentration of cyclin dependent kinases (Cdk) change as the cell proceeds through the cell cycle?Cdk concentration remains constant.Cdk concentration increases during interphase and decreases during mitosis.Cdk concentration decreases during interphase and increases during mitosis.Cdk concentration correlates directly with MPF concentration.
- 29. Multiple ChoiceHow does the concentration of cyclin change as a cell goes through the cell cycle?Cyclin concentration remains constant.Cyclin concentration increases during interphase and decreases during mitosis.Cyclin concentration decreases during interphase and increases during mitosis.Cyclin concentration is inversely related to MPF concentrations.
- 30. Multiple ChoiceWhen finding the surface area to volume ratio of a cell, the surface area is calculated using this formula:Length/ volumeL X W X HL X W X # of sidesvolume/ length
- 31. Multiple ChoiceWhen finding the surface area to volume ratio of a cell, the volume is calculated using this formula:L X WL X W X HW X Hsurface area/ length
- 32. Multiple ChoiceCalculate the SA for a cube-shaped cell with sides equal to .8mm.3.84 mm2.5 mm3.5 mm23.84 mm3
- 33. Multiple ChoiceCalculate the SA:V ratio for a cube-shaped cell with sides equal to .1 mm.6:160:1600:1.6:1
- 34. Multiple ChoiceCalculate the volume for a cube-shaped cell with sides equal to .4mm..06 mm2.06 mm3.96 mm3.96 mm2
- 35. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is NOT a reason why cells need to remain small?to efficiently obtain nutrientsto efficiently obtain waste productsto efficiently remove waste producesto efficiently send signals to the center of the cell
- 36. Multiple ChoiceHow does the SA:V ratio change as the size of the cell increases?It increasesit decreasesit remains the sameit is not affected by cell size
- 37. Multiple ChoiceWhich cube-shaped cell would be the most efficient?
A: .01 mm
B: 1.4 mmABThey are equally efficient - 38. Multiple ChoiceWhich cube-shaped cell would have a higher SA:V ratio?
A: .01 mm
B: 1.4 mmABThey are equally efficient - 39. Multiple ChoiceIn a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of a particular recessive allele a is .4. What is the percentage of the population heterozygous for this allele?4 percent16 percent32 percent48 percent
- 40. Multiple ChoiceWhich statement correctly explains how resistance to penicillin appeared after a few years of its widespread use to fight bacterial infection?in order to survive exposure to penicillin, bacteria developed a resistance to the druga few bacteria became resistant to penicillin, and through sexual reproduction , most bacteria acquired the resistancepenicillin never really successfully wiped out populations of bacteria, scientist did not use proper controls in their studiessome bacteria were resistant to penicillin and their population spread rapidly, without competition from bacteria that were killed by penicillin
- 41. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following explains how natural selection causes a trait to become predominant in a population?Individuals with traits that are favorable to the environment reproduce more.Traits of an individual change in order to adapt to changes in enviornment.organisms select which traits they wish to inheritall of these answers
- 42. Multiple ChoiceThe Hardy-Weinberg Model is?Available at local hobby stores and retailers throughout the Greater Cleveland area.A mathematical tool that biologists can use to predict allele frequencies and determine whether or not evolution is occurring within a population.Always occurring within populations of organisms in nature.Only useful in the lab and cannot be practically applied to real-world populations of organisms.
- 43. Multiple ChoiceAnimals are born with their adaptations due to genes.TrueFalse
- 44. Multiple ChoiceAnimals are able to pick and choose their adaptations.TrueFalse
- 45. Multiple ChoiceWhat does the term variation mean?The same traits in a population.The different ways that traits are expressed in a population.The same ways traits are expressed in a population.The place where an animal lives.
- 46. Multiple ChoiceWhich statement represents the best explanation for the observation that the nuclear DNA of wolves and domestic dogs has a very high degree of sequence homology?
Dogs and wolves...have very similar morphologies.belong to the same order.are both members of the order Carnivora.share a very recent common ancestor. - 47. Multiple ChoiceDuring a study session about evolution, one of your fellow students remarks, "The giraffe stretched its neck while reaching for higher leaves; its offspring inherited longer necks as a result." Which statement is most likely to be helpful in correcting this student's misconception?Characteristics acquired during an organism's life are generally not passed on through genes.Spontaneous mutations can result in the appearance of new traits.Only favorable adaptations have survival value.Disuse of an organ may lead to its eventual disappearance.
- 48. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the three graphs shows stabilizing selection?ABC
- 49. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the three graphs shows disruptive selection?ABC
- 50. Multiple ChoiceIf finches with large beaks and finches with small beaks increase in a population while finches with average sized beaks decreases, which pattern of natural selection has occurred?Directional selectionDisruptive selectionStabilizing selection
- 51. Multiple ChoiceRobins typically lay fours eggs. If more then four eggs are produced then the baby chicks are malnourished while smaller egg numbers result in no viable (able to live) baby chicks. This is an example ofstabalizingdisruptivedirectionnone of the above
- 52. Multiple ChoiceWhat type of natural selection is this?Disruptive SelectionDirectional SelectionStabilizing SelectionSexy Selection
- 53. Multiple ChoiceScientists find that most feral cats in a neighborhood have whiskers about 12 cm long. After about 15 generations of stabilizing selection, what would you expect to see?even more cats with 12 cm long whiskersmost cats with less than 12 cm long whiskersmost cats with more than 12 cm long whiskersmost cats with whiskers either less than or more than 12 cm long, very few with whiskers 12 cms
- 54. Multiple ChoiceWhich Hardy-Weinberg factor represents the frequency of heterozygous individuals in a population?p22pqq2p2 + 2pq
- 55. Multiple ChoiceA population of frogs has 37 individuals who are brown in color and 194 individuals who express the dominant green color. What is the dominant allele frequency for this population?0.20.40.60.8
- 56. Multiple ChoiceWithin a population of 500 butterflies, the color purple is dominant over the color white. 200 of the butterflies are white. What is the frequency of homozygous dominant individuals? Give your answer as a decimal to the nearest hundredth..40.36.16.60
- 57. Multiple ChoiceAll the animals to the right of the hagfish would have the common characteristic of -FurClaws or nailsLungsJaws
- 58. Multiple ChoiceWhich trait do only humans have, according to the cladogram?jawsmammary glands & hairterrestrial during all life stagesopposable thumbs
- 59. Multiple ChoiceWhen did the lesser panda/raccoon lineage diverge from the giant bear/panda lineage?85 mya70 mya65 mya20 mya
- 60. Multiple ChoiceWhich organism is most closely related to the sun bear?spectacled beargiant pandabrown bearlesser panda
- 61. Multiple ChoiceWhy does water need to use transport proteins to enter or exit a cell?It is a nonpolar molecule and is repelled by the nonpolar (hydrophobic) phospholipid tails that make up most of the cell membrane.It is a polar molecule that is repelled by the nonpolar (hydrophobic) phospholipid tails that make up the majority of the cell membrane.It is a polar molecule that is repelled by the polar (hydrophilic) phospholipid heads that make up the majority of the cell membrane.Because it is extra special
- 62. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following correctly describes the process of osmosis?Movement of water from high to low concentrations across a semi-permeable membrane.Movement of large, polar molecules from low to high concentration across a semi-permeable membrane.Movement of ions through transport proteins across a semi-permeable membrane.Movement of any particle from high to low concentration.
- 63. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following correctly describes the process of facilitated diffusion?Movement of water from high to low concentrations across a semi-permeable membrane.Movement of large, polar molecules from low to high concentration across a semi-permeable membrane.Movement of ions through transport proteins across a semi-permeable membrane from high to low concentration.Movement of any particle from high to low concentration.
- 64. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following correctly describes the process of simple diffusion?Movement of water from high to low concentrations across a semi-permeable membrane.Movement of large, polar molecules from low to high concentration across a semi-permeable membrane.Movement of ions through transport proteins across a semi-permeable membrane from high to low concentration.Movement of any particle from high to low concentration.
- 65. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is NOT a type of passive transport?osmosisdiffusionfacilitated diffusionexocytosis
- 66. Multiple ChoiceThe cytoplasm of an animal cell has a glucose concentration of 0.06M. It is placed in a beaker with a solution that has a glucose concentration of 1.0 M. What will happen to the cell?it will shrivel (lose mass)it will swell and lyse (gain mass)it will remain the same sizethere is not enough information
- 67. Multiple ChoiceThe cytoplasm of an plant cell has a glucose concentration of 0.9M. It is placed in a beaker with a solution that has a glucose concentration of 0.05 M. What will happen to the cell?it will shrivel (lose mass)it will swell and lyse (gain mass)it will remain the same sizeit will swell and become turgid
- 68. Multiple ChoiceThe cytoplasm of an plant cell has a glucose concentration of 0.9M. It is placed in a beaker with a solution that has a glucose concentration of 0.05 M. What is the tonicity of the solution in the beaker compared to the solution in the cell?hypertonichypotonicisotonicthere is not enough information
- 69. Multiple ChoiceThe cytoplasm of a plant cell has a glucose concentration of 0.9M. It is placed in a beaker with a solution that has a glucose concentration of 0.05 M. Which solution has a higher water potential?solution in the beakersolution in the cellthey are equalthere is not enough information
- 70. Multiple ChoiceThe cytoplasm of a plant cell has a glucose concentration of 0.9M. It is placed in a beaker with a solution that has a glucose concentration of 0.05 M. Which solution has a higher concentration of water?solution in the beakersolution in the cellthey are equalthere is not enough information
- 71. Multiple ChoiceThe cytoplasm of an animal cell has a glucose concentration of 0.06M. It is placed in a beaker with a solution that has a glucose concentration of 1.0 M. What is the tonicity of the solution compared to the cell?hypertonichypotonicisotonicthere is not enough information
- 72. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following correctly describes what would happen to a plant cell in a hypertonic solution?The cell membrane would pull away from the cell wall (plasmolyze) and the cell would lose mass.The cell would swell and become turgid.The cell would remain the same size and would be flaccid.The cell would swell and lyse.
- 73. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following correctly describes what would happen to a plant cell in a hypotonic solution?The cell membrane would pull away from the cell wall (plasmolyze) and the cell would lose mass.The cell would swell and become turgid.The cell would remain the same size and would be flaccid.The cell would swell and lyse.
- 74. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following correctly describes what would happen to a plant cell in a isotonic solution?The cell membrane would pull away from the cell wall (plasmolyze) and the cell would lose mass.The cell would swell and become turgid.The cell would remain the same size and would be flaccid.The cell would swell and lyse.
- 75. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following correctly describes what would happen to a animal cell in a isotonic solution?The cell membrane would pull away from the cell wall (plasmolyze) and the cell would lose mass.The cell would swell and become turgid.The cell would remain the same size and there would be no net movement of water.The cell would swell and lyse.
- 76. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following correctly describes what would happen to a animal cell in a hypertonic solution?The cell would shrivel and lose mass.The cell would swell and become turgid.The cell would remain the same size and there would be no net movement of water.The cell would swell and lyse.
- 77. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following correctly describes what would happen to a animal cell in a hypotonic solution?The cell would shrivel and lose mass.The cell would swell and become turgid.The cell would remain the same size and there would be no net movement of water.The cell would swell and lyse.
- 78. Multiple ChoiceWhich type of active transport involves the uptake of large particles by a cell? During this type of transport, cells use microfilaments to surround a large particle and engulf it into a vesicle.endocytosisexocytosispinocytosisprotein pump
- 79. Multiple ChoiceWhich type of active transport is very specific, involves receptor proteins, and allows cells to identify and destroy foreign particles?receptor mediated endocytosisexocytosispinocytosisprotein pump
- 80. Multiple ChoiceWhich type of active transport is is non-specific and involves the uptake of dissolved substances into a cell?receptor mediated endocytosisexocytosispinocytosisprotein pump
- 81. Multiple ChoiceWhich type of active transport involves the binding of a vesicle produced inside of the cell with the cell membrane? This type of transport involves cellular products leaving the cell.receptor mediated endocytosisexocytosispinocytosisprotein pump
- 82. Multiple ChoiceWhat is required of active transport that is not required for passive transport?energytransport proteinscarbohydrate chainscholesterol molecules
- 83. Multiple ChoiceCarrot and potato cores were placed in various sucrose solutions for 24 hours and the % change in mass was recorded and graphed. The temperature in the room was 24 degrees celcius. Identify the approximate concentration of sucrose in the potato cells.0.13 M0.0 M0.4 M0.33 M
- 84. Multiple ChoiceCarrot and potato cores were placed in various sucrose solutions for 24 hours and the % change in mass was recorded and graphed. The temperature in the room was 24 degrees celcius. Sucrose is too large of a molecule to cross the membrane of potato and carrot cells. Which molecule caused the change in mass?watersucrosesaltglucose
- 85. Multiple ChoiceCarrot and potato cores were placed in various sucrose solutions for 24 hours and the % change in mass was recorded and graphed. The temperature in the room was 24 degrees celcius. Sucrose is too large of a molecule to cross the membrane of potato and carrot cells. Which of the following concentrations was NOT hypertonic to the carrot cells?0.2 M0.4 M0.6 M1.0 M
- 86. Multiple ChoiceCarrot and potato cores were placed in various sucrose solutions for 24 hours and the % change in mass was recorded and graphed. The temperature in the room was 24 degrees celcius. Sucrose is too large of a molecule to cross the membrane of potato and carrot cells. Calculate the water potential for the carrot cells. The ionization constant for sucrose is 1.0 M. The pressure potential is 0.-8.1 bars-8.1 M8.1 bars-3.5 bars
- 87. Multiple ChoiceA sucrose solution in a beaker has a solute potential of -4 bars. A cell with a solute potential of -2 bars is placed in the beaker. What is the pressure potential of the cell before it was placed in the beaker?0 bars2 bars-2 bars-4 bars
- 88. Multiple ChoiceA sucrose solution in a beaker has a solute potential of -4 bars. A cell with a solute potential of -2 bars is placed in the beaker. What is the water potential of the cell before it was placed in the beaker?0 bars2 bars-2 bars-4 bars
- 89. Multiple ChoiceA sucrose solution in a beaker has a solute potential of -4 bars. A cell with a solute potential of -2 bars is placed in the beaker. What is the water potential of the solution in the beaker?0 bars4 bars-2 bars-4 bars
- 90. Multiple ChoiceA sucrose solution in a beaker has a solute potential of -4 bars. A cell with a solute potential of -2 bars is placed in the beaker. What will be the direction for the net movement of water?into the cellout of the cellthere will be no net movement
- 91. Multiple ChoiceWhich factor had the greatest impact on the rate of transpiration compared to the control?windhumiditylightdarkness
- 92. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following best describes the relationship between the control data and the plants exposed to increased temperatures (heat)?The control plant experienced a greater amount of transpiration compared to the group exposed to heat. However, the difference was not significant.The control plant experienced a lower amount of transpiration compared to the group exposed to heat. However, the difference was not significant.The transpiration rate for the control was significantly higher than the heat group.The transpiration rate for the control was significantly less than the heat group.
- 93. Multiple ChoiceWhat is transpiration?Evaporation of leaves from the roots of plants.Evaporation of water from lakes, ponds, and streams.Evaporation of water from the leaves of plants.Exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen from the leaves of plants.
- 94. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following best describes the results of this experiment?The control plant has a significantly higher rate of water loss compared to the GMO plants.The control plant has a significantly lower rate of water loss compared to the GMO plants.The control plants water loss is greater than the GMO plant, but the difference is not significant.The control plants water loss is lower than the GMO group, but the difference is not significant.
- 95. Multiple ChoiceWhat is the name of the signaling molecule that triggers a transduction pathway?ligandGTPkinasephosphatase
- 96. Multiple ChoiceWhat is the name of the pathway that occurs when a signal is received and then converted into a cellular response?signal transductionbiochemicalcatabolicanabolic
- 97. Multiple ChoiceWhat is the name of the molecule that is used in long distance signaling; travels from one gland to another location to trigger the signal?hormoneneurotransmitterion
- 98. Multiple ChoiceThe 3 steps of signal transduction, in order, arereception, transduction, responseresponse, transduction, receptionreception, response, transductiontransduction, reception, response
- 99. Multiple ChoiceProtein kinases activate other relay proteins by adding a(n) ____ to them.phosphateATP moleculecAMPGTP
- 100. Multiple ChoiceKinases are de-activated whenphosphate is removed by a phosphataseGTP attaches to themligand is released from the receptorapoptosis occurs
- 101. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following correctly describes the reception stage of this signal transduction pathway?epinephrine binds to a g-protein coupled receptor protein present in the cell membranethe g protein changes shape, is activated, activates adenyl cyclase, which activates cAMP, which activates protein kinasesprotein kinases phosphoylate moleculesglycogen synthesis is inhibited and glycogen breakdown is promoted
- 102. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following correctly describes the transduction stage of this signal transduction pathway?epinephrine binds to a g-protein coupled receptor protein present in the cell membranethe g protein changes shape, is activated, activates adenyl cyclase, which activates cAMP, which activates protein kinasescAMP binds to the g-protein coupled receptor proteinglycogen synthesis is inhibited and glycogen breakdown is promoted
- 103. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following correctly describes the response stage of this signal transduction pathway?epinephrine binds to a g-protein coupled receptor protein present in the cell membranethe g protein changes shape, is activated, activates adenyl cyclase, which activates cAMP, which activates protein kinasescAMP binds to the g-protein coupled receptor proteinglycogen synthesis is inhibited and glycogen breakdown is promoted
- 104. Multiple ChoiceWhere are receptors located for steroid hormones?in the cell membranein the cytoplasmin the extracellular environmentat the ribosomes
- 105. Multiple ChoiceWhich signaling molecules can cross the cell membrane on their own and do not need to bind to receptor proteins?steroid hormones (nonpolar lipids)ions (small, very polar)glucose (large and polar)protein hormones (large and polar)
- 106. Multiple ChoiceWhen a neuron is not engaged in an impulse.Resting potentialAction potentialNeural potentialSynaptic potential
- 107. Multiple ChoiceWAxon Terminal ButtonNeurotransmittersDendriteSynapse
- 108. Multiple ChoiceXAxon Terminal ButtonNeurotransmittersDendriteSynapse
- 109. Multiple ChoiceThe part of a nerve cell that contains the nucleus is called theneuroncell bodyaxondendrite
- 110. Multiple ChoiceThe part of the neuron that conducts action potentials is the:AxonDendriteAxon TerminalCell Body
- 111. Multiple ChoiceThe part of the neuron that receives signals is the:AxonDendriteAxon TerminalCell Body
- 112. Multiple ChoiceWhat maintains the resting membrane potential?Na/K pumpIon ChannelsDepolarizationHyperpolarization
- 113. Multiple Choicewhat are the two ions transported across the membrane in an action potential?O2- and K+K+ and Na+Ca+2 and B+3Na+1 and Cl
- 114. Multiple ChoiceWhat is a neurotransmitter?fatty covering of the axonnerve cellchemical messengergap between neurons
- 115. Multiple ChoiceCompared with the outside of the neuron, the inside has a(n) ____ charge.positivenegativeequalNone of the above are correct.
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