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- 1. Multiple ChoiceWhich writer advised people to look within themselves for religious truth and no longer to churches and creeds?William ShakespeareJohn CalvinValentin WeigelMartin Luther
- 2. Multiple ChoiceThe Peace of Augsburg recognized that ________.the religion of the land was determined by the Holy Roman Emperorthe ruler of a land would determine the religion of the landCalvinists were to be tolerated throughout EuropeProtestants everywhere must restore Catholic beliefs and practices
- 3. Multiple ChoiceThe most successful politique was ________.Oliver CromwellPhilip II of SpainElizabeth I of EnglandMary I of England
- 4. Multiple ChoiceWho did John Knox target in his work First Blast of the Trumpet against the Terrible Regiment of Women?Mary I of EnglandElizabeth I of EnglandCatherine de MédicisMary Stuart
- 5. Multiple ChoiceWhat sparked the first wave of Protestant persecution in France?Protestants plastering Paris and other cities with anti-Catholic placardsthe capture of the French king Francis I at the Battle of Paviathe passing of the Edict of Fontainebleauthe passing of the Edict of Chateaubriand under Henry II
- 6. Multiple ChoiceWho were the three powerful families that sought the French monarchy after the death of king Henry II?The Bourbons, Rothschild, and OrléansThe Bourbons, the Montmorency-Chatillons, and the GuisesThe Medici, the Navarres, and the GuisesThe Bourbons, the Amboises, and the Orléans
- 7. Multiple ChoiceHuguenots made up about ________ of the French population, but _______ of the aristocracy.two-thirds; one-twelfthone-half; one-quarterone-fifteenth; two-fifthsone-quarter; three quarters
- 8. Multiple ChoiceThe Edict of Nantes was criticized for ________.revoking the rights of the Huguenotscreating a state within a stateturning a long cold war into a long hot warremoving Catholicism as the official religion of France
- 9. Multiple ChoiceThe ruler of Spain for most of the later 1500s was _________.Philip IIFerdinand ICharles VCarlos I
- 10. Multiple ChoiceWhat is William of Orange known for?He led the movement for the independence of the Netherlands from Spain.He led the Turks against Spain.He was the captain of the Spanish Armada.Along with the Duke of Alba, he suppressed the Protestant revolt.
- 11. Multiple ChoiceHostilities between Spain and England reached a climax in 1588 when ________.Henry III was assassinatedHenry IV was assassinatedthe Edict of Nantes was signedthe Spanish Armada was sent to invade England
- 12. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following adjectives most accurately describes Philip II?withdrawnspontaneousunschoolednaïve
- 13. Multiple ChoiceDuring the first half of his reign, Philip II focused on ________.events in Germanythe Netherlandsthe Mediterranean and the Turkish threatthe growth of English power
- 14. Multiple ChoiceWhat was the reaction from Europe when the Turks invaded Austria?The Spanish under Philip II allied with Venice, Genoa, and the pope to defend Europe against the Turks.Europeans largely ignored the invasion and allowed Austria to be taken over.The Greeks stepped up to defend Austria and defeat the Turks.The Huguenots came to the aid of Austria in hopes of gaining momentum for their resistance movement.
- 15. Multiple ChoiceWho was deposed after only a few days on the throne as Edward VI’s chosen successor in England?Lady Jane GreyMary TudorElizabethMary Queen of Scots
- 16. Multiple ChoicePassed by Queen Elizabeth I, which of the following was a revision of Thomas Cranmer’s works that made moderate Protestantism the official religion within the Church of England?Act of UniformityThirty-Nine ArticlesTreaty of JoinvilleUnion of Utrecht
- 17. Multiple ChoiceQueen Elizabeth I was cautious and firm with groups such as the ________ ensuring that nothing lessened the hierarchical unity of the Church of England.CatholicsPuritansCongregationalistsJews
- 18. Multiple ChoiceBavaria was a major center of _______.Calvinist powerLutheran powerCatholic powerAnabaptist agitation
- 19. Multiple ChoiceThe term “ecclesiastical reservation” refers to the ________.attempt to maintain the status quo concerning lands held by Protestants and Catholicsright of Catholics to worship in Lutheran landsright of Lutherans to worship in Catholic landsattempt to outlaw all Protestant sects with the exception of the Lutheran church
- 20. Multiple ChoiceThe Thirty Years’ War began as a(n) ________.peasant uprising in Germanytrade war between Bohemia and Saxonyrevolt of Bohemian Protestant nobility against an unpopular kingborder dispute between Bavaria and Austria
- 21. Multiple ChoiceOne of the first actions Ferdinand took as king of Bohemia was to ________.declare the Lutheran religion as the only legal religion in Bohemiawarn the Jesuits to leave or be exiled or sentenced to deathban the practice of Catholicism in Protestant Bohemiarevoke the religious freedoms of the Bohemian Protestants
- 22. Multiple ChoiceBy 1600, the population of the Holy Roman Empire was about ________.equally divided between Catholics and Protestants30 percent Catholic70 percent Catholic40 percent Protestant
- 23. Multiple ChoiceThe battle at Breitenfeld in 1630 marked a turning point in the Thirty Years’ War. Who won that battle?The Spanishthe Frenchthe Dutchthe Swedish
- 24. Multiple ChoiceWhich treaty brought the Swedish period of the war to an end?Treaty of LogesTreaty of GenevaPeace of PragueUnion of Cologne
- 25. Multiple ChoiceThe Treaty of Westphalia finally granted Calvinists _________.legal recognitionthe power to fortify their townsthe authority to gather in publicthe permission to worship within the borders of cities
- 26. Multiple ChoiceWhat did Mary I of England, Philip II of Spain, and Oliver Cromwell all have in common?They were all Protestants.They were all considered politiques.They all sacrificed their political goals by refusing to compromise on religion.They gained their religious goals and successfully restricted religious worship in their own lands.
- 27. Multiple ChoiceWhat did the provision in the Edict of Nantes that allowed citizens to maintain fortified towns reveal about social conditions?Protestants and Catholics did not trust one another.Protestants still had to worry about assembling to worship.The threat of Spanish invasion remained real.Protestants had been restricted from entering public universities.
- 28. Multiple ChoiceThe Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis ended the ________. .Habsburg-Valois warsThirty Years’ Warconflict between Spain and the NetherlandsSaint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre
- 29. Multiple ChoiceCatherine de Médicis convinced the king to execute the Protestant leaders in the Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre because she claimed that _______.the Guise family had plotted to kill him and take the throne for themselvesa Protestant coup was afoot, and that he must save the crown from an attack on Parisshe had been plotting an assassination of Colignythe Huguenots had already massacred thousands of peasants
- 30. Multiple ChoiceThe French monarchy was hostile towards Protestants until ________.the Peace of Saint-Germain-en-Layethe Saint Bartholomew’s Day MassacreHenry of Navarre came to powerElizabeth I provided financial and military support for their cause
- 31. Multiple ChoiceWhat event elevated the conflict between Huguenots and the French monarchy into an international issue?the death of Coligny, the leader of the French resistancethe famous work First Blast of the Trumpet against the Terrible Regiment of Women by John Knoxthe elevation of Henry of Navarre to the thronethe Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre
- 32. Multiple ChoiceWhat event starkly marked the beginning of the French wars of religion?the death of Francis IIthe issuing of the January Edictthe leak, to the Catholics, of a kidnapping plot to take Francis II from his Guise advisorsthe duke of Guise surprising a Protestant congregation in Champagne and massacring many worshipers
- 33. Multiple ChoiceKing Henry IV stunned France, Spain, and the pope by ________.publicly abandoning the Protestant faith and embracing Catholicismpublicly abandoning the Catholic faith and embracing Protestantismdeclaring France Protestant, but hoping it would remain politically weakdeclaring France Catholic, but hoping it would remain politically weak
- 34. Multiple ChoiceWhat did the following major works of the 1570s have in common: the Franco-Gallia of Francois Hotman, On the Right of Magistrates over Their Subjects by Theodore Beza, and Defense of Liberty against Tyrants by Philippe du Plessis Mornay?They were all written in praise of the king.They included instructions on religious doctrineThey included instructions for resistance against German lords.They all included classical Protestant theories of resistance.
- 35. Multiple ChoiceWhat were the original goals of Cardinal Granvelle when he led the special council of state in the Netherlands?establish local autonomy for the seventeen Netherlands provincesdecentralize the government and put it in the hands of a Dutch rulerdestroy any threats to Margaret of Parma and to establish her as the ruler of the Netherlandsbreak down local autonomy and build a central royal government directed from Madrid
- 36. Multiple ChoiceWhat event caused the Protestants and the Catholics of the Netherlands to unite against a common enemy, the Spaniards?the Spanish Furythe exile of William of Orangethe signing of the Perpetual Edictthe issuing of the Edict of Nantes
- 37. Multiple ChoiceHow did Philip make an example of the Protestant rebels after the Calvinist riots in the Netherlands?He sent the Duke of Alba to suppress the revolt, which ended in the execution of thousands of suspected heretics.He sent his armies back to Spain to gather munitions and build his forces.He published vicious attacks on the rebels in pamphlets and public announcements.He sent religious leaders to preach publicly and condemn the rebels.
- 38. Multiple ChoiceWhat agreement did the Dutch Catholics and Protestants come to after the atrocity of the Spanish Fury?the Union of Utrechtthe Union of Arrasthe Perpetual Edictthe Pacification of Ghent
- 39. Multiple ChoiceHow did Spain come to control Portugal’s overseas empire in Africa, Brazil, and India?Spain took over the trading network when the Portuguese faced steep inflation in their homeland.Portuguese merchants began using Spanish ports and paid heavy taxes to Spain.Philip II inherited the throne of Portugal.Philip II attacked Portugal and overcame its military forces.
- 40. Multiple ChoiceFollowing the weakening of Spain, which nation dominated Europe in the early seventeenth century?FranceEnglandGermanyItalyFranceEnglandGermanyItaly
- 41. Multiple ChoiceHow did Elizabeth I direct a common method of worship throughout her kingdom?She issued the Act of Uniformity, which mandated that every parish in England receive a revised version of the second Book of Common Prayer.She issued the Act of Supremacy, which repealed all the anti-Protestant legislation of Mary Tudor.She executed Mary, Queen of Scots.She passed the Conventicle Act that gave separatists the choice to conform to the practices of the Church of England or face exile.
- 42. Multiple ChoiceWhat substantial changes occurred when Elizabeth I took the throne following Mary I of England?Elizabeth eliminated the tolerance for theater and dramatic creativity supported by Mary I.Elizabeth changed the irresponsible financial policies promoted by Mary I.Elizabeth reversed Mary’s harsh restrictions against Protestants in favor of religious tolerance.Elizabeth more fully enforced strict policies against religious disunity and dealt harshly with heretics.
- 43. Multiple ChoiceHow did Elizabeth I treat her cousin Mary, Queen of Scots?She treated her with great respect and looked to her for advice.Mary, Queen of Scots was a trusted advisor of Elizabeth.Elizabeth kept Mary under house arrest for nineteen years and then had her executed for treason.Elizabeth largely ignored Mary until she was far advanced in age, when Elizabeth granted her a castle in northern England.
- 44. Multiple ChoiceThe Thirty Years’ War broke out first in ________.SaxonyBavariaBohemiathe Swiss Confederation
- 45. Multiple ChoiceDue to its central location, which of the following nations had always been Europe’s highway for merchants and traders going north, south, east, and west?A. SwitzerlandB. GermanyC. AustriaD. FranceSwitzerlandGermanyAustriaFrance
- 46. Multiple ChoiceBy 1609, Palatine Calvinists headed a Protestant defensive alliance against Spain with assistance from which of the following nations?England, France, and GermanyBelgium, France, and GermanyDenmark, France, and the NetherlandsEngland, France, and the Netherlands
- 47. Multiple ChoiceWhich analogy is most accurate?Bavaria is to Catholicism as the Palatinate is to Protestantism.Belgium is to Catholic as England is to Calvinist.Italy is to the Counter-Reformation as Germany is to the Anglican Church.France is to Catholic as Prussia is to Calvinist.
- 48. Multiple ChoiceAt the end of the third phase of the Thirty Years’ War, Ferdinand issued the Edict of Restitution and struck panic in the hearts of Protestants ________.in Bohemiaeverywherein Swedenin France
- 49. Multiple ChoiceWhat was the effect of the Edict of Restitution in 1629?Gustavus Adolphus II of Sweden reacted to the edict by beginning the third phase of the Thirty Years’ War.The Edict of Restitution ended the Thirty Years’ War.The Edict of Restitution meant that Protestants received many substantial freedoms.The Edict of Restitution was the precursor to the Treaty of Westphalia.
- 50. Multiple ChoiceHow was the Peace of Augsburg like the Treaty of Westphalia?Both agreements restricted the rights of Protestants throughout Europe.Both agreements denied the authority of the Holy Roman Emperor.Both agreements established the right of Protestants to fortify their own towns.Both agreements established that the ruler of a land may determine the official religion of that land.
- 51. Multiple ChoiceWhat did the Peace of Saint-Germain-en-Laye have in common with the January Edict?Both restricted the liberties of Catholics in the French territories.Both were issued by a convening of German lords to define religious toleration in their lands.Both were issued by the French crown to grant religious freedoms for Protestants.Both were issued by Spain in an effort to direct the Protestant restrictions in the Netherlands.
- 52. Multiple ChoiceHenry IV converted to Catholicism, motivated by ________.faithexpediencyfear of Catholic Powera guarantee he had made to the pope
- 53. Multiple ChoiceWhat did the Perpetual Edict of 1577 do?ended hostilities between France and Spainjoined the northern provinces of the Netherlands against Spainprovided for the removal of all Spanish troops from the Netherlands within twenty dayssecretively allied Philip II with the Guises to send armies under Alexander Farnese into France in 1590
- 54. Multiple ChoiceThe image The Milch Cow symbolizes which of these?the Thirty Years’ Warthe long-standing animosity between England and Spainreligious conflict in the 1500sthe Netherlands as a political pawn
- 55. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following statements most accurately explains the impact that the fourth period of the Thirty Years’ War, the Swedish-French period, had on Germany?During the Swedish-French period of the war, Germans gained great wealth from looting the nations of France, Sweden, and Spain.During the fourth period of the war, French, Swedish, and Spanish soldiers looted all of Germany, killing an estimated one-third of its population.During the Swedish-French period of the war, the Germans were largely left alone while the battles waged in France and the Netherlands.During the fourth period of the war, the Germans lost mostly material wealth from looters, but few people were killed.
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