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- 1. Multiple Choice
Statement: When an ionic compound such as sodium chloride (table salt) is placed in water, as shown in the figure above, water molecules surround and separate the positive and negative charge.
Question: What happens to the Sodium ions and Chloride ions in the solution?Both Sodium and Chloride ions dissolve in waterBoth Sodium and Chloride ions are destroyedBoth Sodium and Chloride ions hide temporarily Option 3 (optional)The Sodium ions are destroyed, the Chloride ions hide temporarily - 2. Multiple ChoiceIn the figure above, water is the ________________________ while Sodium Chloride (Table Salt) is the __________________________.solvent, solutesolute, solventsolute, soluteelement, molecule
- 3. Multiple ChoiceQuestion: Using the figure above, order these items in order of increasing acidity:Coffee, Seawater, Ammonia, Lemon Juice, BloodLemon Juice, Seawater, Ammonia, Blood, CoffeeAmmonia, Seawater, Blood, Coffee, Lemon JuiceBlood, Coffee, Lemon Juice, Ammonia, SeawaterLemon Juice, Coffee, Blood, Seawater, Ammonia
- 4. Multiple ChoiceQuestion: What does it mean when a molecule is said to be “polar”?The molecule has tendency to absorb a lot of heat, therefore it remains 'cold' easilyThe molecule has an even distribution of charges, all parts are positiveThe molecule has an even distribution of charges, all parts are negativeThe molecule has an uneven distribution of charges, some parts are positive while others are negative
- 5. Multiple ChoiceStatement: Water may be one of the most familiar substances on the planet, but it certainly isn’t ordinary. In fact, water’s unique chemical properties make it so complicated that even after decades of research, scientists still have much to learn about this remarkable and versatile substance.That’s water, as in the clear, sparkling fluid that covers three quarters of the Earth’s surface—not to mention the basis of life as we know it, and possessor of the world’s most recognizable chemical formula (H2O). Water is everywhere. And yet, scientists are still learning about its properties.Water simply doesn’t behave like other liquids.Question: Which of the following is not a special property of water?Water has the ability to moderate temperatureWater is polar, therefore it is very adhesiveWater contracts when it freezesWater is polar, therefore it is very cohesive
- 6. Multiple ChoiceAccording to the figure, A hydrogen bond can form between a hydrogen atom of one molecule and which atom of another molecule?CarbonHydrogenOxygenSodium
- 7. Multiple ChoiceReading Passage: Water's polarity allows it to dissolve other polar substances very easily. When a polar substance is put in water, the positive ends of its molecules are attracted to the negative ends of the water molecules, and vice versa. The attractions cause the molecules of the new substance to be mixed uniformly with the water molecules. Water dissolves more substances than any other liquid - even the strongest acid! Because of this, it is often called the 'universal solvent.' The dissolving power of water is very important for life on Earth. Wherever water goes, it carries dissolved chemicals, minerals, and nutrients that are used to support living things. Substances that are not polar like water, for example oil, do not mix into water.
Question: Which property is responsible for the fact that water and oil do not mix?densitymassphasepolarity - 8. Multiple ChoiceReading Passage: In water (H2O), a small number of the molecules dissociate (split up). Some of the water molecules lose a hydrogen and become hydroxide ions (OH−). The "lost" hydrogen ions join up with water molecules to form hydronium ions (H+). In pure water, there are an equal number of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions. The solution is neither acidic or basic.An acid is a substance that donates hydrogen ions. Because of this, when an acid is dissolved in water, the balance between hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions is shifted. Now there are more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions in the solution. This kind of solution is acidic.A base is a substance that accepts hydrogen ions. When a base is dissolved in water, the balance between hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions shifts the opposite way. Because the base "soaks up" hydrogen ions, the result is a solution with more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions. This kind of solution is alkaline.Question: When added to water, how does an acid affect the pH and H+ concentration?Both pH and H+ decrease.Both pH and H+ increase.The pH decreases while the H+ increases.The pH decreases while the H+ increases.The pH increases while the H+ decreases.
- 9. Multiple ChoiceWater is essential for life.Water typically has a pH of 7 and therefore is considered neutral.hydrogen and hydronium ions.hydroxide and hydronium ions.hydrogen and hydroxide ions.oxygen and hydrogen ions.
- 10. Multiple ChoiceAccording to the figure above, a solution with a pH of 11 isacidicalkalineneutrala buffer
- 11. Multiple ChoiceReading Passage: pH is a determined value based on a defined scale, similar to temperature. This means that pH of water is not a physical parameter that can be measured as a concentration or in a quantity. Instead, it is a figure between 0 and 14 defining how acidic or basic a body of water is along a logarithmic scale. The lower the number, the more acidic the water is. The higher the number, the more basic it is. A pH of 7 is considered neutral. The logarithmic scale means that each number below 7 is 10 times more acidic than the previous number when counting down. Likewise, when counting up above 7, each number is 10 times more basic than the previous number.
Question: According to the passage, Acidic solutions have a pH that isless than 7.between 0 and 14.a negative number.more than 7. - 12. Multiple ChoiceAccording to the figure above, polar molecules such as water haveno negative or positive poles.both negative and positive poles.only a negative pole.only a positive pole.
- 13. Multiple ChoiceA molecule that has a partial positive charge on one side and a partial negative charge on the other side is called anonpolar molecule.polar molecule.charged molecule.bipolar molecule.
- 14. Multiple ChoiceReading Passage: One of the things that makes our planet special is the presence of liquid water. Water is fundamental for all life; without it every living thing would die. It covers about 70% of Earth's surface and it makes up 65-75% of our bodies (82% of our blood is water). Even though water seems boring - no color, taste, or smell - it has amazing properties that make it necessary for supporting life.
The chemical composition of water is H2O - two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Water has special properties because of the way these atoms bond together to form a water molecule, and the way the molecules interact with each other. The special arrangenment leads to water being a polar molecule. Question: Water is defined as a polar molecule because ...it contains two hydrogen atoms for each oxygen atom.it has a charge.different parts of the molecule have slightly different charges.it does not have a charge. - 15. Multiple ChoicepH Values of Some Common Substances
Substance pH
Hydrochloric acid 1.0
Sulfuric acid 1.2
Tomatoes 4.2
Rainwater 6.2
Pure water 7.0
Sea water 8.5
Ammonium chloride 11.1
Sodium hydroxide 13.0
Figure 2–5
Question: What is the strongest acid listed in Figure 2–5?Hydrochlorica acidPure waterrainwaterSodium hydroxide - 16. Multiple ChoiceReading Passage: The molecules on the surface of the water are not surrounded by similar molecules on all sides, so they're being pulled only by cohesion from other molecules deep inside. These molecules cohere to each other strongly but adhere to the other medium weakly. One example of this is the way that water beads up on waxy surfaces, such as leaves or waxed cars. Yet, it is hard to break through the surface of liquid water.Question: The reason that small insects such as water striders can walk on liquid water is due to water'sLow Specific HeatHigh Specific HeatHigh Surface TensionLow Surface Tension
- 17. Multiple ChoiceReading Passage: Water molecules have unusual chemical and physical properties. Water can exist in all three states of matter at the same time: liquid, gas, and solid. Imagine that you’re sitting in your hot tub (filled with liquid water) watching the steam (gas) rise from the surface as you enjoy a cold drink from a glass filled with ice (solid) cubes. Very few other chemical substances can exist in all these physical states in this close of a temperature range. It is no wonder why water is essential for life. Its special properties make water the single most important molecule in plant life.Question: Which of the following properties of water enables water molecules to stick to one another?Water expands as it freezes.Water is an excellent solvent.Water exhibits cohesive behavior.Water is able to moderate temperature.
- 18. Multiple ChoiceStatement: Large bodies of water, such as lakes and oceans, do not quickly fluctuate in temperature. Water can absorb a large amount of energy without a large rise in temperature.Question: This is called _________________. As the sun shines on bodies of water, they absorb great amounts of its energy without a large fluctuation in temperature.an acid.versatile solvent.high heat capacity.buffer.
- 19. Multiple ChoiceReading Passage: Polar ice caps are dome-shaped sheets of ice found near the North and South Poles. They form because high-latitude polar regions receive less heat from the sun than other areas on Earth. As a result, average temperatures at the poles can be very cold. The polar ice caps contain the majority of Earth’s supply of freshwater. In fact, scientists estimate that 70 percent of Earth’s freshwater supply remains in an ice sheet at the South Pole.Question: Why does ice stay at the top of oceans instead of sinking to the bottom?Ice is colder than liquid water.Solid ice is less dense than liquid water.Solid ice is more dense than liquid water.Ice is warmer than liquid water.
- 20. Multiple ChoiceQuestion: Water is often called the "universal solvent" because many substances can be dissolved in water. What property of water allows it to be such a versatile solvent?puritypolarity and cohesionhigh heat capacityexpansion upon freezing
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