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- 1. Multiple Choice
Using the chart below of the Mohs Hardness Scale, answer the following question. A certain mineral sample cannot scratch apatite, but apatite can scratch the sample. Which of the following is most likely the mineral’s hardness?46810 - 2. Multiple ChoiceInformation on several minerals is given in this table. If one were to observe samples of the minerals from the table, which two would appear similar in color, but could be distinguished, one from the other, using a streak test?Hematite and StantiniteChalcopyrite and PlatinumAcanthite and StantiniteChalcopyrite and Biotite
- 3. Multiple ChoiceThe table provides information on four minerals. A mineral sample has a metallic luster, is black in color, and has a hardness of 6. Which of the minerals in the table is a reasonable identification for this mineral sample?PyriteGraphiteHematiteCalcite
- 4. Multiple ChoiceA student was given two minerals of the same color. What physical property could be tested to help the student determine the identification of the two minerals?Relative sizeMass in gramsVolume in mLStreak color
- 5. Multiple ChoiceThis table provides information on two minerals. Which property would allow a geologist to distinguish a sample of feldspar from rose quartz?Colorlusterhardnessstreak
- 6. Multiple ChoiceThe table here provides the hardness, on the Mohs Scale, of several common objects. In the field, a student finds a mineral and discovers that the mineral will leave a scratch on a copper penny, but won’t scratch a piece of glass. If the student is certain that it is one of the four minerals on the second table, which one is the most reasonable identification?GypsumFluoriteOthoclaseTopaz
- 7. Multiple ChoiceThe table provides information on both pyrite and gold. Pyrite is sometimes confused with gold. Some of the properties listed could help someone distinguish between pyrite and gold. Gold will be the only mineral that has which of the following properties?Yellow colorMetallic lusterHardness of 3Black streak
- 8. Multiple ChoicePhysical properties of minerals such as color, hardness, luster, and streak are used to determine what about a mineral?IdentityMassAgeLocation
- 9. Multiple ChoiceScientists test for the hardness of a mineral by doing which of the following?Measuring the mass of the mineral, and comparing it against other mineralsObserving how light reflects off the mineral and how the mineral looks as a resultObserving the color of a mineral and comparing it against other mineralsScratching the mineral against other substances of known hardness
- 10. Multiple ChoiceOne test of a mineral is the streak test in which what property is determined?The color of powder left behind when the mineral is rubbed on a surfaceThe amount of pore space in the mineral as measured by submerging it in waterThe conductivity of a mineral, determined by attaching it to an electric circuitThe wavelength of light that are refracted when light passes through the mineral
- 11. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following best describes luster?The mass of an objectThe way light reflects off an objectThe texture of an objectThe density of an object
- 12. Multiple ChoiceRefer to the Mohs Hardness Scale. A mineral with a hardness of 7 can scratch -orthoclase feldspar, but cannot scratch talccalcite, but cannot scratch apatite.topaz, but cannot scratch fluoritegypsum, but cannot scratch corundum
- 13. Multiple ChoiceHow are minerals identified using luster?Minerals are scratched against each other. The mineral that does the scratching has the most luster.They are rubbed on unglazed tile. The powder left behind is the luster.Using a balance, the mass is recorded. Which ever mineral has the largest mass has the most luster.The way that light reflects off a mineral determines the luster of the mineral.
- 14. Multiple ChoiceInformation on several minerals is given in this table. If one were to observe samples of the minerals from the table, which two would appear similar in color, but could be distinguished, one from the other, using a streak test?Hematite and alabanditeChalcopyrite and platinumAlabandite and chalcopyriteCitrine and biotite
- 15. Multiple ChoiceUse the chart below to answer the following question. A student is given the chart above and is told to identify an unknown mineral. The student observes that the mineral has a glassy luster and a hardness less than 3. What is the identity of the mineral?ActmiteCobaltiteJadeiteTalc
- 16. Multiple ChoiceUse the Mohs Hardness Scale below. Which mineral can scratch fluorite, but is scratched by orthoclase feldspar?CalciteTalcApatiteDiamond
- 17. Multiple ChoiceSedimentary rocks can have layers of different colors. This occurs when –molten rock seeps into large cracks underground.extreme pressure causes minerals to separatedifferent minerals are deposited at different times.seasonal patterns change the rate of erosion.
- 18. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is one of the final processes in the formation of sedimentary rock?MeltingCementationFlowingSeparation
- 19. Multiple ChoiceThe presence of igneous rocks might be evidence of -organisms.deposition.coal.volcanoes.
- 20. Multiple ChoiceMetamorphic rock forms where any kind of rock –is crystalized after being liquid rock.contains fossils of marine organismsis changed by the extreme heat and pressure.is composed of cemented sediment.
- 21. Multiple ChoiceIn order to be classified as metamorphic, a rock must have –magma cooling underground.changed with heat and pressure.compacted sediment into layers.formed in less than 100 years.
- 22. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following features of a rock would classify it as definitely an igneous rock?Began its formation process millions of year in the pastCreated through slow, naturally occurring processesFormed when minerals were heated, then cooledResulted from liquid rock being ejected from a volcano
- 23. Multiple ChoiceRocks are classified by -how they were formed.when they were formed.where they were formed.their color when formed
- 24. Multiple ChoiceWhat is the primary process that turns sediments into sedimentary rocks?Organisms walking on layers of sediment, pressing particles together tightlyMinerals within sediment, absorbing water, and undergoing a chemical reactionUpper layers of sediment, pressing down on lower layers of deposited sedimentMagma cooling under the surface of Earth, crystallizing to form rock
- 25. Multiple ChoiceThe interlocking crystals of an igneous rock help to classify it since these crystals are evidence of how the rock formed. The crystals are a result of –quartz coming out of solution.particles forming layers.chemical reactions of minerals.melted rock that cooled.
- 26. Multiple ChoiceMetamorphic rocks are different from igneous and sedimentary rocks in that metamorphic rocks form -when liquid rock freezes into a solid.by magma rising from Earth’s core.from existing rock that has been changed.by layering minerals of different sizes.
- 27. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following processes is one of the early steps in the formation of sedimentary rock?Weathering of existing rockCrystallization of molten mineralsMelting of rock in volcanoesChemical reactions that produce heat
- 28. Multiple ChoiceIgneous rock can be changed into sedimentary rock when igneous rocks –that form mountains get pushed together.are weathered and the fragments deposited.melt to form layers of different minerals.put out by volcanoes create new land.
- 29. Multiple ChoiceIgneous rocks and metamorphic rocks have similar formation, in that they both –require extreme heat.always form from sediments.cool to form distinct layers.often contain fossil organisms.
- 30. Multiple ChoiceIn order for a rock to be classified as igneous, what must have happened during its formation?Solid rock changing under pressureLiquid rock changing its physical stateSmall rocks becoming cemented togetherLayered rock breaking into smaller pieces
- 31. Multiple ChoiceSedimentary rock can be changed into igneous rock if sediments are –compacted.deposited.weathered.melted.
- 32. Multiple ChoiceIgneous and sedimentary rocks could each be changed into metamorphic rock if they are changed by -weathering.organisms.pressure.cementation.
- 33. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following processes might be one of the first steps in the formation of sedimentary rock?Glaciers breaking down rockLiquid magma cooling and hardeningRock melting deep undergroundMinerals changing due to pressure
- 34. Multiple ChoiceGeologists might recognize a metamorphic rock by distorted, wavy layers because they were caused by -compaction and cementation.melting and crystallizing.erosion and deposition.pressure and heat.
- 35. Multiple ChoiceSedimentary rock can contain evidence of life because of all the following are properties of sedimentary rock EXCEPT -it can be made from mud.it is created under the ocean.it is formed by melting rock.it can contain organic material.
- 36. Multiple ChoiceSedimentary rocks often contain horizontal layers because they are formed by the -deposition of sediment.movement of tectonic plates.heating of organisms.cooling of melted rock.
- 37. Multiple ChoiceSedimentary rock can be changed into metamorphic rock if it is -weathered and eroded by ocean waves.exposed to extreme heat underground.broken down by heating and cooling.cemented with minerals carried in water.
- 38. Multiple ChoiceAll of the following processes are the ones that lead directly to the formation of sedimentary rock EXCEPT -deposition of rock fragments.freezing of water in cracks in rock.melting of rock deep underground.movement of wind that carries earth material.
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