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- 1. Multiple Choice
Based on physical features, this cell is most likely a(n) ____________ cell.eukaryotic planteukaryotic animalprokaryotic fungusprokaryotic bacterial - 2. Multiple ChoiceTranslation of the DNA sequence AAGCTGGGA would result inan mRNA strand with the sequence TTCGACCCTan mRNA strand with the sequence UUGCACCCUa DNA strand with the base sequence TTCGACCCTa sequence of three amino acids linked by peptide bonds
- 3. Multiple ChoiceIn pigs, the allele for a wavy, rough coat (R) is dominant to the allele for a soft, fine coat (r). A rough coat boar and a soft coat sow mate. They produce several litters, 50% are rough coat and 50% are smooth coat. What were the genotypes of the parents?RR × rrRr × rrRR × RrRr × Rr
- 4. Multiple ChoiceImpala share the African plains with other grazing animals and predators. Which change would lead to a DECREASE in the impala population?a reduction in the lion populationan increase in the number of other grazing animalsan increase in restrictions on the hunting of impalaa reduction in the populations of other impala predators
- 5. Multiple ChoiceThe snowshoe rabbit has white fur in winter and dark fur in summer. What is the main survival advantage of this fur color change to the rabbit?The light fur keeps the rabbit from getting sunburned in summer.The fur color is an adaptive form of camouflage to avoid predators.The dark fur absorbs more sunlight so the rabbit is warmer in winter.The white fur is more valuable to fur trappers, so the animal will be trapped and better fed in winter.
- 6. Multiple ChoiceThe diagram shows the leg bones of a (Left -> Right): Orangutan, dog, pig, cow, tapir, and horse. Most of the animals have the same bones, although some are shaped differently and placed in different positions.
What does this suggest about mammals?That they shared a common ancestor.That mammals are evolving to become more and more like one another.That they developed their bone structure independently of one another.That the shape of the bones has less to do with the environment pressures on the animal, and more to do with what their relatives are. - 7. Multiple ChoiceGreen and brown algae share many common features. Both have pigments for trapping sunlight and use photosynthesis for energy. Both store their food as sugars. Both have cell walls and plant-like bodies. However, their DNA suggests that they are not even remotely related to one another. Green algae and brown algae show __________________ evolution, since they look similar, but are not close relativesconvergentdivergenthomologousvestigial
- 8. Multiple ChoiceDarwin discovered twenty different species of finches in the Galapagos islands. He hypothesized that as new islands arose, finches colonized the islands and rapidly changed into new species, depending on what food was available on each new island. The rapid formation of many new species, as in this case, is calledgradualismspeciationadaptive radiationgeographic isolation
- 9. Multiple ChoiceThe graph illustrates the activity level of three common digestive enzymes, across a range of pH values. Which enzyme is likely to be active in the acidic environment of the stomach?pepsintrypsinamylasenone of the above
- 10. Multiple ChoiceIn the structure of DNA, which nucleotide always pairs with adenine?cytosineguaninethymineuracil
- 11. Multiple Choice_______________, harmful or helpful, is considered to be the source for new alleles and a main contributor to the diversity of life on Earth.MitosisMutationTranscriptionTranslation
- 12. Multiple ChoiceThe selective breeding of wild mustard has _________ _________ and produced at least four other vegetable crops.increased biodiversitydecreased biodiversitymaintained biodiversityeliminated biodiversity
- 13. Multiple ChoiceSuppose orange beetles and green beetles live in the same environment. Green beetles are harder to see on leaves, so birds eat primarily orange beetles. According to the theory of natural selection, in the future orange beetles willmove to a place without green beetles.decrease in population until they possibly become extinct.reproduce to their full potential until they increase in numberbreed with green beetles until there are no longer orange beetles.
- 14. Multiple ChoiceAt the end of meiosis II, how does the DNA in each of the four new cells compare to the DNA from the original cell?half as much and genetically the same as the originaltwice as much and genetically the same as the originalhalf as much and genetically different from the originaltwice as much and genetically different from the original
- 15. Multiple ChoiceA species of insect is newly introduced into the United States from the Philippines. This insect becomes established, laying its eggs on the leaves of oak trees. How can a biologist determine if the relationship between the insect and the oak tree is commensalism, mutualism, or parasitism?If the insect benefits, the relationship is parasitism.If both the insect and the tree benefit, the relationship is commensalism.If the insect benefits and the tree neither benefits nor is harmed, the relationship is mutualism.If the insect benefits and the tree neither benefits nor is harmed, the relationship is commensalism.
- 16. Multiple ChoiceWhat conclusion would be MOST appropriate about the genetic variation between humans and the three apes as illustrated by the phylogenetic tree?Genetic variation between all four organisms is non-existent.The genetic variation between all four organisms is about the sameThe genetic variation between humans and orangutans is the greatest.Humans branched off from the other three animals due to great genetic variations.
- 17. Multiple ChoiceAn ecological pyramid is sometimes used to show both the flow of matter and energy in an ecosystem. The pyramid narrows as matter and energy flow from the bottom to the top. What does this pyramid tell you about the energy in this ecosystem?Energy stays the same. Only the number of living things change.Energy decreases from the top to the bottom as organisms are larger in size.Energy increases from bottom to top because the organisms get larger in size.Energy decreases from bottom to top because some is used at each level for life processes.
- 18. Multiple ChoiceIf you ate bacon and fried eggs for breakfast, the largest component of the energy would come from thecarbohydratesfatsproteinssugars
- 19. Multiple ChoiceDuring the winter time, the total number of hours of sunlight decreases. What effect would this have on the process of photosynthesis?The rate of photosynthesis would decrease and less glucose would be produced.The rate of photosynthesis would increase and more glucose would be produced.The amount of available sunlight does not influence the rate of photosynthesis.It would have no effect on plants having needles instead of leaves, that stay green all year long
- 20. Multiple ChoiceThe rapid growth of the human population during the last two centuries is INDIRECTLY responsible for which environmental concern, that in turn, will lead to future species extinction?ozone depletionhabitat fragmentationdecreased biodiversityfossil fuel consumption
- 21. Multiple ChoiceIn 1967 a penicillin-resistant pneumonia, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and called pneumococcus, surfaced in a remote village in Papua, New Guinea.
At about the same time American military personnel in southeast Asia were acquiring penicillin-resistant gonorrhea from prostitutes. By 1976, when the soldiers had come home, they brought the new strain of gonorrhea with them and physicians had to find new drugs to treat it.
In 1983 a hospital-acquired intestinal infection caused by the bacterium Enterococcus faecium joined the list of bacteria that could not be killed by penicillin.
Which of these BEST describes why certain bacteria have become resistant to penicillin?The penicillin in the 1970's was much weaker that the penicillin used today, thus it was not as effective.Penicillin was not effective in treating any bacterial diseases, so the doctors had to find new treatments.These new bacterial strains came out of the jungles and forests already equipped to be penicillin-resistant.Penicillin was so heavily prescribed by doctors that it led to certain, more fit, strains of bacteria to be able to survive. - 22. Multiple ChoiceApple farmers are currently having a very difficult time with pesticide-resistant insects. These insects are no longer being killed by the current chemical treatments, thus causing a lot of damage to the apple crops. In reaction to this, researchers are developing newer and stronger chemicals to help control the bugs.
Why are the apple farmers seeing these new, stronger bugs?The bugs were not native to the area and thus cannot be killed by normal chemicals.Changes in the weather have led to stronger insects that can survive these harsh changes.The strongest bugs were able to survive pesticides, reproduce and create more resistant pests.The apple trees are producing too many apples, which is allowing the insects to reproduce rapidly. - 23. Multiple ChoiceWhile working in the lab with samples of food, Rachel saw this rod-shaped organism under the microscope. With further tests, Rachel noticed that the organism was single-celled and did not contain a nucleus. Which of these did Rachel conclude was the best way to classify this organism?bacteriafungusprotistvirus
- 24. Multiple ChoiceProteins are composed of chains of _____________ which are joined together with peptide bonds.fatty acidsamino acidsnucleic acidsmonosaccharides
- 25. Multiple ChoiceIn the cell, which organelle has the function of using oxygen in the breakdown of glucose, releasing energy and carbon dioxide?ribosomesgolgi bodymitochondriaendoplasmic reticulum
- 26. Multiple ChoiceWhich kingdom is composed of multicellular autotrophs?animalfungiplantprotist
- 27. Multiple ChoiceIf stranded on a deserted island with no freshwater, it is not advisable to drink sea water. Why not?The salty snacks cause an ionic imbalance that triggers a nervous response.The salt in the body creates a hypertonic solution around cells, which causes water to diffuse out of cells and make them crenate.The salt in the body creates a hypotonic solution around cells, which causes water to diffuse into cells and make them cytolyse.The salt in the body creates an isotonic solution around cells, which causes water to diffuse into and out of cells which makes them unstable.
- 28. Multiple ChoiceIf one defines life as the simplest form capable of displaying the most essential attributes of a living thing, one very quickly realizes that the only real criterion for life is the ability to replicate. Only systems that contain nucleic acids are capable of this phenomenon. This sort of reasoning has led to a new definition of organism:
An organism is the unit element of a continuous lineage with an individual evolutionary history.
Considering the new definition of life, all but one piece evidence supports the fact that a virus must be referred to as an organism. That is:Viruses contain nucleic acids.Viruses are capable of replication.Viruses have a simple cellular structure.Viruses have an evolutionary history and that implies lineage. - 29. Multiple ChoiceCompare primary and secondary succession of an ecosystem. What is the distinction between them?Primary succession is the sequence of plants that colonize a new area, while secondary succession is the sequence of animals that move once plant life is established.Primary succession is the sequence of species that become established early in a newly colonized area, while secondary succession is the sequence of species that move in much later.Primary succession is the establishment of a new community in an existing ecosystem that was disturbed, while secondary succession is the establishment of a community in an area that was altered due to fire.Primary succession is the establishment of a community in an area with no soil, while secondary succession is the establishment of a new community in an existing ecosystem that was disturbed by some catastrophic event.
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