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Other Sciences
10th -
12thgrade
Earth & Space Science Review - 2nd Semester
80 questions
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- 1. Multiple ChoicePlaces where tectonic plates come together are
called?convergent
boundaries.divergent
boundaries.transform
boundaries.rift valleys. - 2. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is NOT associated with
transform boundaries?deformed and fractured crustshallow earthquakeslong faultsvolcanoes - 3. Multiple ChoiceWhat happens along a divergent boundary?Continental mountain ranges form.New ocean crust forms.Oceanic plates are subducted into the mantle.Ocean basins become smaller.
- 4. Multiple ChoiceBroad, gently sloping volcanoes with quiet eruptions
are called?shield volcanoes.cinder cones.hot spots.none of the above - 5. Multiple ChoiceLava erupts through an opening in Earth’s crust
called a?ventcalderacraternone of the above - 6. Multiple ChoicePangaea was an ancient supercontinent made up of?South Africa, India, Australia, and South
America.the United States, Greenland, and Europe.all of Earth’s continents.None of the above - 7. Multiple ChoiceTo support his hypothesis of continental drift, Alfred
Wegener did NOT use?ancient climatic evidence.magnetic field data.data on ancient reptiles and ferns.none of the above - 8. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following are landscape features
associated with volcanoes?uplift, erosion, weathering, and depositionhot spots and flood basaltsvents, craters, and calderasnone of the above - 9. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following forms when the top or side of
a volcano collapses into the magma chamber?dikepyroclastic flowcalderanone of the above - 10. Multiple ChoiceAt which tectonic plate boundary do plates slide
horizontally past each other?transform boundarydivergent boundarycontinental-continental boundarynone of the above - 11. Multiple Choice____________________ forms where plates move
apart.hot spotsdivergent volcanismsubduction zonesnone of the above - 12. Multiple ChoiceWhere do most volcanoes form?at hot spotsat plate
boundariesin the middle of
continentsnone of the
above - 13. Multiple ChoiceThe moment magnitude scale takes into account the size of an earthquake’sepicenter.fault rupture.probability.intensity.
- 14. Multiple ChoiceAs the distance from a quake’s epicenter increases,intensity increases.intensity decreases.magnitude
increases.the focus
decreases. - 15. Multiple ChoiceMaximum earthquake intensity is usually found at the earthquake’s?epicenter.shadow zone.seismic gap.focus.
- 16. Multiple ChoiceThe modified-Mercalli scale ranges from?0 to 100.1 to 10.I to XII.VI to XXI.
- 17. Multiple ChoiceThe focus of a catastrophic earthquake with high
intensity values is almost always?deep.shallow.difficult to determine.below the point of initial rock failure. - 18. Multiple ChoiceThe time an earthquake occurred can be estimated
from the?P-wave arrival time.S-wave
amplitude.surface wave arrival
time.seismic wave
size. - 19. Multiple ChoiceWhich lists Earth materials in order of increasing
density?oceanic crust, continental crust, mantlemantle, oceanic crust, continental crustcontinental crust, oceanic crust, mantlecontinental crust, mantle, oceanic crust - 20. Multiple ChoiceThe Himalayas formed as the result of ____.hot spot volcanismdivergence on the ocean floorcontinental-continental convergenceoceanic-oceanic convergence
- 21. Multiple ChoiceWhich lists the types of convergent boundaries in
order, from those that produce the smallest mountain
belts to those that produce the largest mountain belts?oceanic-oceanic; oceanic-continental;
continental-continentaloceanic-continental; oceanic-oceanic;
continental-continentalcontinental-continental; oceanic-continental;
oceanic-oceanicoceanic-oceanic; continental-continental;
oceanic-continental - 22. Multiple ChoiceFault-block mountains ____.form when two continental plates collideform above a subduction zoneform when a large pieces of crust are dropped
between large faultsall of the above - 23. Multiple ChoiceThe Lesser Antilles and the Appalachian Mountains
are similar in that they were both formed .by convergenceby faultingby volcanoesby divergence - 24. Multiple ChoiceIn the process of isostatic rebound, mountains are
eroded over hundreds of millions of years, while the
crust below them ____.risessinkssplits to form a riftconverges at a boundary - 25. Multiple ChoiceThe Phanerozoic Eon includes the Paleozoic,
Mesozoic, and ____.Cenozoic periodsJurassic periodsTertiary epochsCenozoic eras - 26. Multiple ChoiceWhich correctly orders units of geologic time, from
most general to most specific?eon, era, period, epochera, epoch, eon, periodperiod, era, eon, epochepoch, eon, period, era - 27. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is marked by the appearance
of organisms with hard parts?the beginning of the Cenozoicthe end of the Precambrianthe end of the Mesozoicthe beginning of the Cretaceous - 28. Multiple ChoiceThe Archean and Proterozoic are examples of ____.eonsperiodsepochseras
- 29. Multiple ChoiceRadiocarbon dating can be used to determine the age
of what type of materials?igneous rockliving organismsorganic materialslava flows - 30. Multiple ChoiceThe geologic principle that states that sedimentary
rocks are deposited in horizontal layers is the principle
of?uniformitarianism.original horizontality.superposition.cross-cutting relationships. - 31. Multiple ChoiceIn order to categorize a margin as active or passive,
you must have information about________.the permeability of the margin rocksthe amount of tectonic activity along the
marginthe depth of water that covers the marginthe rate of glacial movement along the margin - 32. Multiple ChoiceCyanobacteria use the process of ____ to produce
energy, and oxygen is given off as a waste product.oxidationdifferentiationphotosynthesisglaciation - 33. Multiple ChoiceThe southernmost point to which glaciers advanced in
North America is marked by the path(s) of the ____.Ohio River and the Missouri RiverMissouri RiverOhio River and the Mississippi RiverMississippi River - 34. Multiple ChoiceWhich best summarizes the change in number and
size of microcontinents during the Proterozoic?the number of microcontinents increased and
the size increasedthe number of microcontinents increased and
the size decreasedthe number of microcontinents decreased and
the size increasedthe number of microcontinents decreased and
the size decreased - 35. Multiple ChoiceWhat discovery would weaken the primordial soup
hypothesis of the origin of life?Lightning was common on early Earth.Earth’s early atmosphere contained carbon
dioxide, water, and trace gases.Earth’s early oceans were warm and shallow.Asteroid impacts were uncommon when life is
presumed to have begun. - 36. Multiple ChoiceDuring the ____, all but one of the major marine
phyla appeared.Cambrian explosionAntler OrogenyCaledonian OrogenyOuachita Orogeny - 37. Multiple Choice____ have been found in the waters of hydrothermal
vents, suggesting that proteins and nucleic acids could
have formed there during the Archean.amino acidsRNA moleculesDNA moleculesdissolved minerals - 38. Multiple ChoiceWhen there is no tectonic activity along the edge of a
continent, the edge is referred to as a ____.coastlinepassive margintransgressionregression - 39. Multiple ChoiceAs North America rifted from Europe and Africa, a
continuous rift system called the ____ was formed.Gulf of MexicoCordilleraMid-Atlantic RidgeEast African Rift Valley - 40. Multiple ChoiceToday, many types of organisms live in a marine
environment. When did most of the phyla of marine
animals alive today first appear?ProterozoicCretaceousCambrianPermian - 41. Multiple ChoiceThe oldest known mineral on Earth is ____.fluoritemicazirconquartz
- 42. Multiple ChoiceWhich summarizes the relationship between density
of an element and its distribution in Earth?The greater an element’s density, the greater
the amount of it found in the crust.The denser an element is, the smaller the
amount of it in Earth’s core.The lower an element’s density, the smaller the
amount of it found in the crust.The greater an element’s density, the smaller
the amount of it found in the crust. - 43. Multiple ChoiceWhich group consists only of renewable resources?carbon, sunlight, water, aluminumcoal, trees, water, carbonphosphorus, soil, water, oxygennatural gas, peat, coal, oil
- 44. Multiple ChoiceFossil fuel deposits and the Earth’s oceans are two
places in which________.carbon is storedoxygen is producednitrogen is fixedsulfur dioxide is generated - 45. Multiple ChoiceWhich group consists only of nonrenewable
resources?carbon, sunlight, water, aluminumcoal, trees, water, carbonphosphorus, soil, water, oxygennatural gas, peat, coal, oil - 46. Multiple ChoiceWhen compared to Earth’s atmosphere 4.5 bya,
Earth’s atmosphere today has________.more carbon dioxidemore methanemore oxygenmore copper - 47. Multiple ChoiceThe mixture of gravel, sand, and crushed stone called
____ is an extremely useful construction material.aggregatebedrockoretopsoil - 48. Multiple ChoiceThe largest component of air is ____.oxygenhydrogennitrogencarbon dioxide
- 49. Multiple ChoiceErosion of cropland leads to ____ in arid countries.production of morainessettling of crystals in oresdesertificationincreased hydrothermal fluids
- 50. Multiple ChoiceCompared to trees, bamboo is________.more quickly replenishedless likely to be sustainablefar less usefulmore likely to require fertilizer
- 51. Multiple ChoiceGlobally, the supply of which of the following fuels is
the greatest?coalnatural gaskerosenecrude oil - 52. Multiple ChoiceIf the current rates of consumption and production
remain constant, which energy resource will be
available to humans for the longest time?coalnatural gassunlightoil - 53. Multiple ChoiceAt which of the following locations would a
geothermal energy plant would be most successful?a windy plaina plate boundaryan ocean shorea river valley - 54. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following does NOT require the Sun’s
energy?the production of gasolinephotosynthesiskeeping warm in cold climatesAll of the above require the Sun’s energy. - 55. Multiple ChoiceHow is ethanol similar to coal?both are fossil fuelsboth are renewable resourcesboth store energy that originated in the Sunboth are available in an unlimited supply
- 56. Multiple ChoiceMineral extraction from underground mines creates
waste rock, and rainwater seeping through piles of
this rock can lead to?pollution of streams.the formation of
acid precipitation.stripping of the
surface landscape.pollution of the air. - 57. Multiple ChoiceAs a result of urban development, land becomes
covered with cement and asphalt, which can result
in?increased
groundwater
recharge.pollution of the
air.increased flooding.increased acid
precipitation. - 58. Multiple Choiceulfur dioxide emissions from coal-burning power
plants combines with atmospheric moisture to form?ozone.CFCs.acid precipitation.nitrogen dioxide. - 59. Multiple ChoiceThe primary federal law that protects our nation’s
water from pollution is the?Safe Drinking
Water Act.Clear Water
Amendment.Endangered Species
Act.Clean Water Act. - 60. Multiple ChoiceA population that is at the carrying capacity for its
environment is in?decline.equilibrium.growth.collapse. - 61. Multiple ChoiceWhich sentence explains how the frequency and the
wavelength of electromagnetic waves are related?As wavelength decreases, frequency
increases.As wavelength decreases, frequency remains
unchanged.As wavelength increases, frequency increases.As wavelength decreases, frequency
decreases. - 62. Multiple ChoiceThe Hubble Space Telescope orbits Earth every 97
minutes. Calculate how long it would take the
Hubble Space Telescope to orbit Earth 30 times.48 hours, 30 minutes48 hours, 50 minutes4 hours, 51 minutes4 hours, 30 minutes - 63. Multiple ChoiceA lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes
through Earth's ____.atmosphereorbitshadowumbra - 64. Multiple ChoiceThe features on the Moon formed by objects crashing
into its surface are?rilles.mountain ranges.impact craters.regolith. - 65. Multiple ChoiceThe fact that Earth observers always see the same
side of the Moon is explained by the Moon’s/eclipsepenumbra.gravity.synchronous rotation. - 66. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following correctly orders planets by
decreasing day length?Venus, Earth, JupiterEarth, Jupiter, VenusJuipter, Earth, VenusVenus, Jupiter, Earth - 67. Multiple ChoiceWhat is the main reason why the surface of Venus is
so hot?the large number of volcanoes on Venusthe very efficient greenhouse effect on Venusthe extremely fast rotation of Venusthe great amount of water on Venus - 68. Multiple ChoiceBodies of interplanetary debris that orbit the Sun with
most in the area between Mars and Jupiter are calledmeteorscometsasteroidsmeteorites - 69. Multiple ChoiceSmall, icy bodies that have highly eccentric orbits and
can be found in the Oort cloud or the Kuiper belt are
called ____.meteorscometsasteroidsmeteorites - 70. Multiple ChoiceWhat two gas giants appear blue because of the
methane in their atmosphere?Jupiter and SaturnSaturn and UranusNeptune and UranusJupiter and Neptune - 71. Multiple ChoiceConstellations are?the brightest stars.stars over Greece.groups of stars named after animals,
mythological characters, or everyday objects.found only in the northern hemisphere. - 72. Multiple ChoiceAstronomers can identify binary stars by?comparing the colors of the stars.measuring the parallax of the stars.measuring the position of the visible star in the
pair and noting shifts as it orbits the center of
mass between it and the unseen companion
star.examining the stars’ absorption spectra. - 73. Multiple ChoiceA star that starts with more than about 20 times the
Sun’s mass willbecome a neutron star.continue to fuse iron in its core.end up with a smaller mass.collapse forever and become a black hole. - 74. Multiple ChoiceThe resistance of a star’s core to being squeezed
halts the collapse of the core and the core becomes asupernova.neutron star.red dwarf.protostar - 75. Multiple ChoiceDuring a supernova,infalling gas remains trapped in the core.the core continues to fuse helium.the resistance of electrons being squeezed
counteracts gravity and supports the core.the entire outer portion of the star is blown off
in a massive explosion. - 76. Multiple ChoiceEvidence suggests that the universe contains a great
amount ofvisible matter.invisible matter.mystery matter.dark matter. - 77. Multiple ChoiceThe universe began as a point and has been
expanding since is called the?Big Bang theory.flat universe model.critical density theory.open universe theory. - 78. Multiple ChoiceObservations of visible galaxies reveal a(n)?average density equal to critical density.average density much less than critical density.absolute density greater than average critical
density.critical density much less than average density. - 79. Multiple ChoiceThe total amount of matter in the universe is
expressed in terms of the?critical density of matter.average critical density of matter.average density of matter.absolute density of matter. - 80. Multiple ChoiceGalaxies that do not fit into the spiral or elliptical
classifications are called ________ .dwarf galaxiesHubble galaxiesbarred galaxiesirregular galaxies - Answer choicesTagsAnswer choicesTags