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- 1. Multiple ChoiceWhich of these is required for natural selection?All individuals of a population must be identical.There must be a small number of individuals in a population.There must be variation among the members ofAn individual must be forced out of its natural habitat.
- 2. Multiple ChoiceThe legs of crocodiles and mice have similar bone structures and develop in a similar way. What type of structures are the leg bones?homologous structuresanalogous structuresfossilized structuresvestigial structures
- 3. Multiple Choice
The chart shows the embryos and adult forms of animals from different classification groups. What do the embryos suggest about these three animals?The animals are not related.The animals share a common ancestor and are therefore relatedFish are more closely related to humans than are chickens.Fish and chickens ar closely related, but humans are not related to either fish or chickens. - 4. Multiple ChoiceFossils show that cyanobacteria evolved at least 3.5 billion years ago. How did cyanobacteria change Earth's environment?They made it hotter.They added oxygen to the atmosphere.They added nitrogen to the soil.They added carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
- 5. Multiple ChoiceWhich of these statements best describes natural selection?Natural selection changes the traits of individuals.Natural selection prevents changes in the members of a species.Natural selection prevents changes in the traits of individuals.Natural selection changes populations
- 6. Multiple ChoiceWhat does the fossil record show about the history of species of Earth?Species stay the same over time.Species evolve from one form to another.Modern species have no relationship to ancient species.No species have become extinct in the last 2 million years.
- 7. Multiple ChoiceThe field of biology that deals with classifying organisms isphylogenygeneticstaxonomyembryology
- 8. Multiple ChoiceThe standardized system for naming organism is known as binomial nomenclature. What two pieces of information are used to name and identify organisms using this system?genus and speciesclass and genusclass and speciesdomain and kingdom
- 9. Multiple ChoiceThe genetic variation that leads to evolution can occur when genes from one population are introduced into the gene pool of a different population. This process is known asmutationcrossing overnatural selectiongene flow
- 10. Multiple ChoiceWhich of these processes is most likely to increase the genetic diversity that plays a role in evolution?binary fissioncell divisionasexual reproductionsexual reproduction
- 11. Multiple ChoiceBelow is the illustration of the bones of the forelimbs (wing or arm) of three animals. While only birds and bats have wings, the underlying skeletal structure is more similar in bats and humans.
What is the most reasonable conclusion one can draw from a comparison of these structures?Birds and bats are closely related to each other, while humans are unrelated to both.The common ancestor of birds and bats must have had wings and flown.Humans live in habitats very different from the habitats of both birds and bats.Humans and bats share a closer evolutionary history with each other than with birds. - 12. Multiple ChoiceThe diagram below represents a population of organisms and the variation in that population. Individuals vary in how well they can resist a certain disease and survive to reproduce. For several generations, this disease has killed off many individuals in the population.
Which of the following best shows what a sample of the population would look like after many years?ABCD - 13. Multiple ChoiceA population of a certain kind of fish is introduced into a new habitat. These fish have variations in color from light to dark. Because of the lighting conditions and predators in this new habitat, light-colored fish survive better near the surface, and dark-colored fish survive better near the bottom.
Natural selection would most likely produce which change after many generations of these fish living in this environment?All the fish would become more similar in color—something exactly between light-colored and dark-colored.None of the fish would be able to survive because the new habitat is not suited to any of them.There would be two populations of fish: light-colored fish near the surface and dark-colored fish near the bottom.The fish would become smaller over time so that they can more easily defend themselves from predators. - 14. Multiple ChoiceBelow is a table showing examples of organisms from different groups.
According to this information, the house cat is most closely related to which animal?WolfMockingbirdButterflyLynx - 15. Multiple ChoiceAn illustration of two insects is below.
Which of the paired statements could be used to distinguish the insects, using a dichotomous key?six legs, eight legslarge hind legs, small hind legstwo pairs of spots on wing cover, three pairs of spots on wing coverantennae absent, antennae present - 16. Multiple ChoiceA dichotomous key for insects is shown below. To what order does an insect with two pairs of scaly wings belong?ColeopteraDipteraHeteropteraLepidoptera
- 17. Multiple ChoiceThe diagram provided shows a breakdown of the genomes of humans, mice, chickens, and zebra fish. The numbers in overlapping regions indicate homologous sequences, similar genes that indicate shared ancestry. The data in the diagram best supports which of the following conclusions?There are no gene sequences that are common to all these animals.The common ancestor of the mouse and the chicken lived very recently.The mouse and the zebrafish share the closest relationship of all animals shown.Humans are more closely related to zebrafish than to chickens.
- 18. Multiple ChoiceAn analysis of DNA and RNA sequences can be used to classify organisms. A dendrogram/evolutionary tree, such as the one shown below, is based on molecular data. It can be used to represent evolutionary relationships within a group of organisms that are hypothesized to have descended from a common ancestor.
Which statement is best supported by the information in this dendrogram/evolutionary tree?Lesser pandas are more genetically similar to giant pandas than they are to raccoons.Brown bears are more genetically similar to giant pandas than they are to sun bears.Lesser pandas are more genetically similar to raccoons than they are to giant pandas.The bear species are all more genetically similar to dogs than they are to giant pandas. - 19. Multiple ChoiceThree species of lizards of the genus Gallotia are found on the Canary Islands, a chain of seven volcanic islands off the west coast of Africa. The easternmost island, Lanzarote, is the oldest, while the westernmost island, El Hierro, is the youngest. The distribution of lizard species is shown on the map below.
Which statement about the ancestry of the lizards from the genus Gallotia is best supported by this information?The common ancestor of the lizards first colonized the island of El Hierro.The ancestors of each species came from different continents at different times.The common ancestor of the lizards probably came from Africa.The ancestors of each species evolved in Spain and were brought to the islands at the same time. - 20. Multiple ChoiceWhat islands did Charles Darwin draw from for the theory of evolution?Canary IslandsGalapagos IslandsPacific IslandsMarshall Islands
- 21. Multiple ChoiceSimilar features that originated in a shared ancestor are described asdifferentiated featuresheterozygous structureshomologous structures
- 22. Multiple ChoiceWhat was a difference between Lamarck's and Darwin's ideas about evolution?Animals have common ancestor that was very simpleanimals evolved slowly over timeacquired traits can be passed on
- 23. Multiple ChoiceThe major idea behind Darwin's "The Origin of the Species" is thatspecies change over time by natural selectionorganisms are unable to adapt to their environmentGalapagos finches had no recent common ancestry
- 24. Multiple ChoiceTraits that are favorable for some organisms in some environments are not necessarily favorable for all organisms or all environments.TrueFalse
- 25. Multiple ChoiceWhich naturalist believed that organisms can wish for a trait and that trait will then be passed on?LamarckDarwin
- 26. Multiple ChoiceWhich naturalist believed that animals that have variation that are not well suited for an environment will not have children and will not pass those variations on to their children?LamarckDarwinboth
- 27. Multiple ChoiceHuman cytochrome c = 104 amino acids
Differences from humans:
Dog cytochrome c = 13 amino acids
Rhesus monkey cytochrome c = 1 amino acid
Which organism is more closely related to humans?DogRhesus Monkeyboth - 28. Multiple ChoiceWhat can be determined by measuring the amount of a specific radioactive isotope in fossil bones?the age of the fossil bonesthe common ancestortheir geographic isolation
- 29. Multiple ChoiceHomologous structures give evidence thatorganisms have a skeletonorganisms evolved from the same geographic locationorganisms share a common ancestororganisms have features that were useful to an ancestor but are not useful to the modern organism that has them
- 30. Multiple ChoiceStructures such as the pelvic bone in whales and snakes and the tailbone in humans are an example ofhomologous structuresvestigial structuresanalogous structures
- 31. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following are considered fossils?anything that has died and is preservedanything that has remained past the life of an organismimpressions from an organism that are made in sedimentary rockall of the above
- 32. Multiple ChoiceAll organisms leave behind carbon-based remains.TrueFalse
- 33. Multiple ChoiceLamarck's Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics is part of the evidence that is considered for evolution.TrueFalse
- 34. Multiple ChoiceFossils can be found inamber (the fossilized sap of trees)shellssedimentary rockall of the above
- 35. Multiple ChoiceThe idea that organisms best suited to their environment reproduce more successfully than other organisms is the definition ofpopulationnatural selectionacquired traits
- 36. Multiple ChoiceThe ideas that types of organisms change over time and new types of organisms are modified descendants of older types were presented byLamarckDarwinBoth
- 37. Multiple ChoiceEvidence supporting evolution is found in the body structures of living organisms.TrueFalse
- 38. Multiple ChoiceA species with a vestigial structure probably shares evolutionary origins with a species that has a functional form of the structure.TrueFalse
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