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- 1. Multiple ChoiceAccording to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dreamlatent contenetmanifest contentdualsimbiological rhythms
- 2. Multiple Choicereoccurring problems in a falling or saying asleepinsomniawithdrawlnarcolepsysleep apnea
- 3. Multiple ChoiceGroup polarization is the tendency fora group to become divided on an issue.a group's opinion to strengthen after discussion with like-minded people.a group to become extreme in their viewpoints when challenged.a group to bond during a difficult circumstance.
- 4. Multiple ChoiceYou may experience cognitive dissonance ifyou learn that a friend you have been sticking up for has lied to you.you take a job that you dislike in order to feed your family.you are required to write an essay on a topic you don't agree with.all of the above
- 5. Multiple ChoicePrejudice is a(n) _____ while discrimination is a(n) _____.behavior; attitudeinstinct; choiceattitude; behaviorchoice; instinct
- 6. Multiple Choice
a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory.iconic memoryworking memoryechoic memoryimplicit memory - 7. Multiple Choicethe immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system.echoic memorysensory memoryworking memoryshort term memory
- 8. Multiple Choicethe disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information.proactive interferenceretroactive interferenceserial position effectspacing effect
- 9. Multiple Choiceorganizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically.relearningchunkingencodingpriming
- 10. Multiple Choicea momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second.iconic memoryimplicit memoryechoic memoryworking memory
- 11. Multiple ChoiceMadeleine was a lawyer who had a very big court case to prepare. Madeleine found it much easier to recall her opening address in court when she rehearsed it first in the empty courtroom. This is most likely due toA. elaborative rehearsal.B. state-dependent cues.C. context-dependent cues.D. the use of narrative chaining.
- 12. Multiple ChoiceRephrasing a new definition in order to remember its meaning isEchoic EncodingSemantic EncodingVisual EncodingAuditory Encoding
- 13. Multiple ChoiceThe more depressed Betty feels, the more easily she remembers other sad events. This is calledmood-congruent memoryretroactive interferenceself-reference effectspacing effect
- 14. Multiple ChoiceJohn was in a car accident and can no longer make new memories. He suffers fromretrograde amnesiaanterograde amnesiaserial position effectself-reference effect
- 15. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is an example of negative correlation?People who spend more time exercising tend to weigh lessTeenage females tend to have fewer speeding tickets than teenage males.Students with low IQ scores tend to have lower grades.Students'' shoe sizes are not related to their grades.
- 16. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following correlation coefficients represents the strongest relationship between two variables?+ .30+ .75+ 1.3- .85
- 17. Multiple ChoiceIn a normal distribution, what percentage of the scores in the distribution falls within on standard deviation on either side of the mean?34 %40 %50 %68 %
- 18. Multiple ChoiceThe debate about the relative contributions of biology and experience to human development is most often referred to as what?Evolutionary analysisBehaviorismThe cognitive revolutionThe nature-nurture issue
- 19. Multiple ChoiceWho among the following would most likely study the interaction of people, machines, and physical environments?Human factors psychologistPersonality psychologistIndustrial- organizational psychologistCounseling psychologist
- 20. Multiple ChoiceBy seeking to measure "atom of the mind," who established the first psychology laboratory?Sigmund FreudJohn B. WatsonWilhelm WundtG. Stanley Hall
- 21. Multiple ChoiceIn Pavlov's original experiment with dogs, the meat served asCSCRUCSUCR
- 22. Multiple ChoiceThe highest and most consistent rate of response is produced by a ________ ration schedulefixed ratiovariable-ratiofixed-intervalvariable-interval
- 23. Multiple ChoiceShaping is a(n) ________ technique for ______ a behavior.operant; establishingoperant; supressingrespondent; establishingrespondent; supressing
- 24. Multiple ChoiceHow new ideas fit into existing schemasConservationAccomodationAssimilationSchema
- 25. Multiple ChoiceThis style of parenting calls for imposing rules and demanding obedience without debate or discussion between parent and child.PermissiveNeglectfulAuthoritativeAuthoritarian
- 26. Multiple ChoiceA 38-year-old woman quits her high-paying marketing job to focus on her children and become a school counselor. What stage would Erikson consider this to be:Idenitity vs. Role ConfusionGenerativity vs. StagnationEgo Integrity vs. DespairAutonomy vs. Inferiority
- 27. Multiple ChoiceAccording to Piaget, accommodation refers toour mental framework of the world.incorporating new experiences into existing schemas.developmental changes in a child's behavior that facilitate social acceptance by family and peers.adjusting current schemas in order to make sense of new experiences.
- 28. Multiple ChoiceAccording to Piaget, during the formal operational stage people begin to:reason abstractlyadhere to social normsdistinguish between good and bad behaviorsbecome aware of the positive and negative consequences of their own behaviors
- 29. Multiple ChoiceHow does Lev Vygotsky differ from Piaget?He believes that all cognition is learned.He does not use age as a determinate.He studied social development where Piaget studied Cognitive development.He believes that cognitive deveopment stems from language and support from others.
- 30. Multiple ChoiceKnown as the "Little Brain" and is in charge of balance and coordinating movementsThalamusReticular FormationHypothalamusCerebellum
- 31. Multiple ChoiceWrinkled part of the brain's surface where the body processes informationForebrainCerebral CortexCorpus CallosumCerebellum
- 32. Multiple ChoiceControls hearing, and language comprehensionFrontal LobeTemporal LobeOccipital LobeParietal Lobe
- 33. Multiple ChoiceShows brain function by using a radioactive glucose solution (active neurons love glucose)MRICT ScanPET ScanfMRI
- 34. Multiple ChoiceThe ability of brain tissue to take on new functions, usually occurs after parts of the brain have been damagedNeurogenesisBrain PlasticitySomatic RegenerationStem Cell Lesions
- 35. Multiple ChoiceBrain area most associated with spatial abilities and recognizing others facesLeft HemisphereRight Hemispherehippocampusreticular formation
- 36. Multiple ChoiceDamage to the medulla would most likely result inimpaired planning abilitiesdeatha comablindness
- 37. Multiple ChoiceDamage to the prefrontal cortex would most likely result indiminished planning abilitiesdeathblindesscoma
- 38. Multiple ChoiceIn rational-emotive therapyclients are encouraged to take responsibility for their own choicesclients learn to challenge irrational beliefsthe therapist seeks to have the client discover rational insights on his or her ownirrational elements of the unconscious are made to conform to reality
- 39. Multiple Choicea behavioral system has been implemented in which the adolescents earn points for target behaviors like getting up on time, making beds, attending class, etc. They are allowed to exchange their earned points for privileges, activities, etc. This system is called ____ and is based on ________time out; extinctionsystematic desensitation; gradual exposuretoken economy; reinforcementprimary reinforcement; non-reward
- 40. Multiple ChoiceFollowing the failure of his business, Mr. Jones disappeared and was discovered two years later in another state practicing law without a license. When questioned, he responded that he had found himself in a strange city and could not remember any personal information.dissociative identity disorderdissociative fuguedementiabipolar
- 41. Multiple ChoiceJose is one of the top baseball players in his league, but last week, he struck out on an easy pitch. When this happened, he smashed the water cooler in the dugout with his bat. According to Freud, Jose may be using the defense mechanism ofprojectionreaction formationregressiondisplacement
- 42. Multiple ChoiceCarmen has always done well in her math courses and even though she has never taken a statistics class before, she is confident she will do well in the one she just signed up for next semester. In this example, Carmen shows evidence of havinghigh incongruence with mathhigh self-efficacy in mathlow self-efficacy in mathmathematical neurosis
- 43. Multiple ChoiceMariah developed a fear of the water when she fell off a river raft last summer. This year she took swimming lessons and thought she had finally overcome her fear of water. She was eagerly looking forward to an upcoming rafting trip, however, as soon as she stepped onto the raft she was instantly terrified again.extinctiongeneralizationspontaneous recoveryobservational learning
- 44. Multiple ChoiceParents say, “I’m taking away your phone because you failed Chemistry.” Parents are usingpositive punishmentnegative punishmentpositive reinforcementclassical conditioning
- 45. Multiple ChoiceThese receive messages (neurotransmitters) and conduct impulses to the Cell BodyAxonEnd BulbsDendritesMyelin Sheath
- 46. Multiple ChoiceThe space between neuronsaxonterminal buttonssynapsemylien sheath
- 47. Multiple ChoiceCaffeine, cocaine, and Ecstasy are all ___________.neurotransmittersopiateshallucinogensstimulants
- 48. Multiple ChoiceA cochlear implant would be most helpful forthose who sufferLoss of MovementLoss of BalanceLoss of Visionsensorineural hearing loss.
- 49. Multiple ChoiceThe coiled, fluid-filled tube in which sound waves trigger nerve impulses is called theInner EarMiddle EarCochleaAuditory Canal
- 50. Multiple Choicemost people stare at red square and shifttheir eyes to white surface, after image of square isBlueYellowOrangeGreen
- 51. Multiple Choicelight-sensitive inner surface of the eye,containing the rods and cones, is theRetinaFoveaOptic NervePupil
- 52. Multiple ChoiceProcess by which our sensory systems convertstimulus energies into neural messages is calledPrimingSensory AdaptationTransductionParallel Processing
- 53. Multiple ChoicePoint on the retina where we see the best (Central FOCUS)FoveaRods and ConesPupilOptic Nerve
- 54. Multiple ChoiceGestalt principle?ContinuationProximityClosureFigure/Ground
- 55. Multiple ChoiceStudying the road map before her trip, Colleen had no trouble following the route of the highway she planned to travel. Colleen’s ability illustrates the principle of:ClosureSimilarityContinuityProximity
- 56. Multiple Choice________________ processing refers to how the physical characteristics of stimuli influence their interpretation.Top-downBottom-upParapsychologicalHuman factors
- 57. Multiple ChoiceTamika hates the bitter taste of her cough syrup. Which of the following would she find most helpful in minimizing the syrup’s bad taste?Tasting something very sweet before taking the cough syrupKeeping the syrup in her mouth for several seconds before swallowing itHolding her nose while taking the cough syrupGulping the cough syrup so that It misses her tongue
- 58. Multiple ChoiceYou are most likely to observe the phi phenomenon while:looking at a string of Christmas tree lights that blink quickly in succession.staring at a Necker cube.comparing the size of the moon while it is in the sky, to its size near the horizon.attempting to catch a fly ball that is quickly coming toward you
- 59. Multiple ChoiceThe system of sensing ones body position is categorizedas our vestibular senseas our kinesthetic senseand explained under the Gate Control Theoryas a branch of the Central Nervous System
- 60. Multiple ChoiceThe Phineas Gage Story of a man who survived even after a spike driven through his head represents a(n)experiementnaturalistic observation studycase studysurvey study
- 61. Multiple ChoiceBlack and white vision cells are calledphonemesconesrodsfovea's
- 62. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is NOT a theory for hearing?Opponent ProcessVolleyPlaceFrequency
- 63. Multiple ChoiceThis connects our two brain hemispherescorpus callosumcerebellummedullathalamus
- 64. Multiple ChoiceA stimulus that does not elicit a response is best termed as theNeutral StimulusConditioned StimulusDelayed StimulusClassical Stimulus
- 65. Multiple ChoiceThe most powerful tool in a research study would be a(n)case studysurveyexperimentnaturalistic observation study
- 66. Multiple ChoiceDoris is attempting to solve a lengthy math problem on a test. Which problem-solving strategy would most likely be beneficial to her?An available heuristicA prototypeAn algorithmA concept
- 67. Multiple ChoiceThe belief that behavior is determined by a persons choices based on their perceptions about the world is most clearly supported by which approach?BehavioralHumanisticPsychodynamicEvolutionary
- 68. Multiple ChoicePaul takes a test in the army to see if he would make a good pilot. Such a test isa standardized test.an aptitude test.an intelligence test.an achievement test.
- 69. Multiple ChoiceIf a test is reliable, it means thatit is given in the same way every time.it tests what it is suppose to test.it is a fair assessment.it yields consistent results.
- 70. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is not one of Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences?practicalmusicalinterpersonalspatial
- 71. Multiple ChoiceSantos is 8 years old and, according to the Stanford-Binet, he has a mental age of 10. What is his IQ?80100125150
- 72. Multiple ChoiceYour friend Tara complains of struggling to sleep and being irritable all the time. She worries about failing a big upcoming project and being fired after making a small mistake at work. When you don’t respond to her text right away, she worries that you no longer want to be friends with her. Tara may be struggling with…Panic disorderGeneralized anxiety disorderSpecific PhobiaObsessive compulsive disorder
- 73. Multiple ChoiceThe most widely used manual for the classification of psychological disorders in the US is…Diagnostic and Statisical Manual of Mental DisordersInternational Classification of DiseasesMinnesota Multi-phasic Personality InventoryCatalogue of Psychiatric Disorders
- 74. Multiple ChoiceA disorder where mood changes between extended depression and a state of euphoria (at least a week) where the person has great self-esteem, rapid thoughts, and does things they enjoy.Somatic Sypmtom DisorderBipolarMajor DepressionMass hysteria
- 75. Multiple ChoiceViolates the laws of society and rights of others without feeling remorseHistrionic PDAntisocial PDBorderline PDNarcissistic PD
- 76. Multiple ChoiceLoss of emotion (flat affect), loss of movement, toneless voice, expressionless face in a patient with schizophrenia are examples of what type of symptoms?PositiveNegativeDelusionalHallucinatory
- 77. Multiple ChoicePossesses the Motor CortexTemporal LobeParietal LobeOccipital LobeFrontal Lobe
- 78. Multiple ChoiceIt is characteristic of robins to build nests. This is an example of:a set pointhomeostasisa drivean instinct
- 79. Multiple ChoiceStimulation of this area would cause a rat to begin eating.lateral hypothalamusventromedial hypothalamushippocampusprefrontal cortex
- 80. Multiple ChoiceThe Yerkes-Dodson Law predicts that most people would perform an easy task best if they are at ahigh level of arousallow level of arousalbaseline statelevel of self-actualization
- 81. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is NOT an example of an incentive?$1000dehydrationelectric shocksmell of popcorn
- 82. Multiple ChoiceMicah really enjoyed his mom’s homemade apple pie, and he would have a huge slice every time she baked it. When he went to visit a friend, he tried a piece of apple pie that his friend’s mom had made. Unfortunately, it was terrible. Now Micah will only eat his mom’s apple pie; if anyone else offers him a piece of pie he politely turns them down. Micah’s behavior toward apple pie illustrates the concept of:Stimulus discriminationStimulus generalizationNoncontingent reinforcementObservational learning
- 83. Multiple ChoiceNegative reinforcement _______ the rate of a response; punishment ______ the rate of a response.Increases; decreasesDecreases; increasesDecreases; decreasesIncreases; does not affect
- 84. Multiple ChoiceConfirmation bias refers to the tendency to:Allow preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoningCling to one’s initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discreditedSearch randomly through alternative solutions when problem solvingLook for information that is consistent with one’s beliefs
- 85. Multiple ChoiceRefers to redirecting a forbidden desire into a socially acceptable desireDisplacementSublimationReaction FormationRationalization
- 86. Multiple ChoiceThe ego avoids anxiety by believing impulses coming from within are really coming from other people.ProjectionReaction FormationDenialRationalization
- 87. Multiple ChoiceInvolves replacing an unacceptable feeling or urge with an opposite oneRationalizationReaction FormationDisplacementDenial
- 88. Multiple ChoicePerson has speech that makes sense, but the person has difficulty speakingBroca's AphasiaWernicke's AphasiaVisual AgnosiaNeglect Syndrome
- 89. Multiple ChoicePossesses the Sensory CortexFrontal LobeOccipital LobeTemporal LobeParietal Lobe
- 90. Multiple ChoicePossesses the Motor CortexTemporal LobeParietal LobeOccipital LobeFrontal Lobe
- 91. Multiple ChoiceWhere the pleasure centers of the brain are located...also controls Endocrine SystemAmygdalaPonsHippocampusHypothalamus
- 92. Multiple ChoiceControls arousalReticular FormationThalamusAmygdalaMedulla
- 93. Multiple ChoiceThe oldest part of the brainBrainstemCerebral CortexLimbic SystemForebrain
- 94. Multiple ChoiceReceives sensory information and relays it to the proper part of brain for further processingHypothalamusReticular FormationCerebellumThalamus
- 95. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is a neurotransmitter?estrogendopamineadrenalinecaffeine
- 96. Multiple ChoiceResearchers have linked a decrease in acetylcholine to which disease?Parkinson'sschizophreniadepressionAlzheimer's
- 97. Multiple ChoiceOne way to reduce intergroup conflict is to establishsuperordinate goalsgroup polarizationcounterconformitydiffusion of responsibility
- 98. Multiple ChoiceThe tendency for people to preform differently when in the presence of others, compared to when alone, is known as ___.Peer PressureActingAppearanceSocial Facilitation
- 99. Multiple ChoiceThe bystander effect increases withobedience of the crowd.the social facilitation of the crowd.the size of the crowd.the altruism of the crowd.
- 100. Multiple ChoiceJeff has total disregard for the rights or properties of others. He steals all the time from just about anyone. He randomly harasses people. Last month he was arrested for theft, and though he is in jail he continues to lie and have little remorse for his actions. Jeff is suffering from what mental disorder?Major depressionSchizoid personality disorderHistrionic personality disorderAntisocial personality disorder
- 101. Multiple ChoiceExcessive dopamine is to ____________ as too little dopamine is to _____________.Parkinson's disease; schizophreniaSchizophrenia; Parkinson's diseaseAntisocial personality disorder; schizoid personality disorderSchizophrenia; depression
- 102. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is an example of a positive symptom of schizophrenia?HallucinationsFlat affectCatatoniaSocial withdrawal
- 103. Multiple ChoiceComorbidity is whena person is likely to die from the symptoms of the disordertwo or more disorders occur in the same persontwo related people experience the same disorderdisorders are not able to be treated by standard procedures
- 104. Multiple ChoiceSelective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) act byaltering the chemical make-up of the neurotransmitterslowing down neurotransmitters being cleaned from the synapsespeeding up neurotransmitters being cleaned from the synapsedecreasing the size of the neurotransmitters
- 105. Multiple ChoiceLithium is typically used forbipolar disorderanxietyamnesiasomatoform disorders
- 106. Multiple ChoiceIn psychoanalytic treatment, resistance is identified when the patientblocks memories from surfacing from the unconscioususes projectiontries to explain their problems by rationalizing the causeuses free association
- 107. Multiple ChoiceIn psychoanalysis, Ben projects his feelings for his father onto the therapist. This action is known asfree associationtransferenceresistenceflooding
- 108. Multiple ChoiceGetting depressed patients to challenge their own negative beliefs about themselves would be using what kind of therapy?InsightBehavioralCognitiveBiomedical
- 109. Multiple ChoiceGetting depressed patients to face and countercondition fears and situations would be what kind of therapy?InsightBehavioralCognitiveBiomedical
- 110. Multiple ChoiceBesides biomedical therapy, which of the following best confronts negative thoughts and negative moods of depression?family therapypsychoanalytic therapygestalt therapybehavioral-cognitive therapy
- 111. Multiple ChoiceIan has suffered major depression for several years and his body has been resistant to new medications. The symptoms are so severe Ian has thought about committing suicide. What treatment might be used on Ian?LobotomySupport GroupElectroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)Client-centered Therapy
- 112. Multiple ChoiceMandy's treatment includes antidepressants, Beck's Cognitive Therapy and family counseling. This approach to therapy best represents a ________________ approach.biopsychosocialcognitivebiomedicalbehavioral
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