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- 1. Multiple ChoiceAfter the nucleus of a radioactive element undergoes changes, the element can transform into ...(a) a different isotope of the same element.(b) an entirely different element.Both (a) and (b)Neither (a) nor (b)
- 2. Multiple ChoiceAlpha particles.....a) are positively charged.b) consist of two protons and four neutrons.c) can penetrate any thickness of matterd) All of the above
- 3. Multiple ChoiceThe process of nuclear change in an atom of radioactive material is called...nuclear decaynuclear massisotopesradon
- 4. Multiple ChoiceDuring beta decay, a nucleus ....gives up two protons and two neutrons.maintains the same number of protons and neutrons.loses a proton and gains a neutron.gains a proton and loses a neutron.
- 5. Multiple ChoiceWhen a nucleus undergoes nuclear decay by gamma rays, the atomic number of the element....remains the samedecreases by one.increases by one.increases by two.
- 6. Multiple ChoiceThe process of the production of lighter nuclei from heavier nuclei is calledmass energymagneticismfusionfission
- 7. Multiple ChoiceRadioactive materials have unstable...electronsprotonsnucleineutrons
- 8. Multiple ChoiceThe type of radioactive particle that can be stopped by a sheet of paper is the ____.alpha particlebeta particlegamma rayuranium
- 9. Multiple ChoiceThe most penetrating type of radiation is the ____.alpha particlegamma raybeta particleuranium
- 10. Multiple ChoiceA helium nucleus with two protons and two neutrons is called a(n) ____.alpha particleelectroscopebeta particlegamma ray
- 11. Multiple ChoiceNegatively charged particles emitted from a nucleus at a high speed are ____.alpha particlegamma raysbeta particlesX rays
- 12. Multiple ChoiceThe three types of nuclear radiation in increasing order of penetrating power are ____.alpha, beta, gammaX ray, beta, gammaalpha, gamma, betaX ray, gamma, beta
- 13. Multiple ChoiceRadioactive tracers are useful in ____.calculating the ages of fossilsfueling nuclear reactionsdetermining medical problemstreating brain tumors
- 14. Multiple ChoiceThe process by which nuclei having low masses are united to form nuclei with larger masses is ____.a chain reactionfissiona chemical reactionfusion
- 15. Multiple ChoiceFor which of the following problems would a scientist most likely use carbon-14?
to calculate the age of the Earth's oldest rocksto calculate the age of a piece of boneto identify the elements that make up a rockto identify the elements that make up a bone - 16. Multiple ChoiceIn alpha decay, the mass of the atom before decayequals the sum of the mass numbers of the products.does not change after the decay.is the same as the atomic number.cannot be determined.
- 17. Multiple ChoiceAlpha particles are nuclei ofoxygenheliumnitrogenradium
- 18. Multiple ChoiceIn radioactive decay, with each successive half-life, half the remaining sample decays to form anothernucleuslife-formelementproton
- 19. Multiple ChoiceNuclei with too many or too few neutrons arenever foundunnaturalunstablestable
- 20. Multiple ChoiceA fission chain reaction can be slowed by using materials that willabsorb some of the neutronsconvert some of the neutrons to protonsincrease the rate of the neutrons multiplicationdecrease the amount of available oxygen in the air
- 21. Multiple ChoiceBackground radiation can come fromsunwaterplantsall of the above
- 22. Multiple ChoiceThe use of nuclear reactors to generate electricity isdecreasing rapidlyfound in a dozen countriesfound only in the United Statestotally safe
- 23. Multiple ChoiceThe ideal location for a radioactive-waste storage facility is one that isin a sparsely populated area.far away from ground water.in an area free from earthquakes.All of the above
- 24. Multiple ChoiceThe chain reaction in a nuclear reactor is controlled by inserting the ____.control rodsheat exchangercoreuranium
- 25. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is a major problem with using nuclear fusion as an energy source?disposing of control rodsproducing radioactive wastesmaintaining very high temperaturesobtaining fuel
- 26. Multiple ChoiceThe fuel used in a nuclear reactor usually comes from ____.hydrogen and heliumcoaluranium-238biomass
- 27. Multiple ChoiceNeutrons released in a fission reaction can strike other nuclei and cause ____.a chain reactionfusion reactionsan electron avalancheradioactive decay
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