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- 1. Multiple ChoiceHow can urbanization affect a local area?It can increase the number of invasive species in an areaIt can decrease the risk of water pollution in an areaIt can increase the risk of flooding in an areaIt can decrease the need for natural resources in an area
- 2. Multiple ChoiceWhich will most likely form when movement along a plate boundary forces a landmass to be pulled apart?volcanic island arccontinental mountainscontinental riftoceanic trench
- 3. Multiple ChoiceSubsurface ocean currents continually circulate from the warm waters near the equator to the colder waters in other parts of the world. What is the main cause of these currents?differences in the topography along the ocean floordifferences in density of ocean waterthe rotation of Earth on its axismovement of the jet stream
- 4. Multiple ChoiceWhich is associated with an increase of chlorofluorocarbons in the environment?an increase in health risks associated with UV radiationan increase in levels of methane gas in the atmospherean increase in ozone levels in the upper atmospherean increase in acid precipitation
- 5. Multiple ChoiceWhich change would best aid a farmer in making the transition from conventional farming techniques to more sustainable farming techniques?reduce the ratio of essential elements in the fertilizerirrigate crops using well waterrotate the types of crops grownplant only genetically modified crops
- 6. Multiple ChoiceWhich is an effect of lower levels of solar radiation striking Earth?increased incidences of skin cancerdecreased rates of photosynthesisincreased phytoplankton activitydecreased carbon dioxide levels
- 7. Multiple ChoiceWhich natural phenomenon occurs as a result of Earth rotating on its axis?movement of tectonic platesdeep ocean currentsseasonal changesday and night
- 8. Multiple ChoiceWhich storm most likely develops as air masses interact with the warm water in the northwest Pacific Ocean?typhoontornadoblizzardmonsoon
- 9. Multiple ChoiceWhat is most responsible for the presence of groundwater in an area?the movement of water from a confined aquifer into surface waterthe movement of surface water and precipitation through soil and rockthe movement of water from streams and rivers to watershedsthe movement of surface water through impermeable rock
- 10. Multiple ChoiceWhich is a farming technique that could improve the soil and the environment?using fueled machines that will turn the soil continuouslycreating undisturbed layers of mulch in the soilplacing inorganic chemical fertilizers in the soilirrigating the soil with salty water
- 11. Multiple ChoiceA community decides to upgrade its water purification and management systems. What lasting impact could this have on available freshwater?It could cause a decrease in water demandIt could cause a decrease in the water levelsIt could cause an increase in waterborne diseasesIt could cause an increase in the freshwater supply
- 12. Multiple ChoiceWhich would most likely cause a reduction in the amount of coal and natural gas on Earth?a continual increase in the amount of pollution in Earth’s atmospherea continual increase in the number of people on Eartha continual decrease in the amount of water in Earth’s aquifersa continual decrease in the amount of rain forests on Earth
- 13. Multiple ChoiceHow could the introduction of a nonnative species of plant affect an ecosystem in North Carolina?It could pollinate the native plant species, producing a disease-resistant speciesIt could reduce the competition for space and light with native plant speciesIt could take over the habitats of the native plant speciesIt could cause some insect species to destroy native plant species
- 14. Multiple ChoiceWhich is the most common contamination source for freshwater resources?runoffdigging wellsmelting of glacierslightning
- 15. Multiple ChoiceWhat long-term impact could the destruction of large areas of forests have on Earth?decreased rates of erosionincreased atmospheric carbon dioxide levelsdecreased amounts of acid rainincreased atmospheric oxygen levels
- 16. Multiple ChoiceWhy is it important to conserve the biodiversity of Earth?to decrease the amount of global predator populationsto decrease the stability of major global ocean currentsto increase the stability of ecosystems during environmental changesto increase the amount of nonrenewable resources located in the lithosphere
- 17. Multiple ChoiceCracks in rocks widen as water in them freezes and thaws. How does this affect the surface of the Earth?It reduces the rates of soil formationIt changes the chemical composition of the rocksIt exposes rocks to increased rates of erosion and weatheringIt limits the exposure of rocks to acid precipitation
- 18. Multiple Choice
In Figure 3-1, what type of rock should occur in the part of the rock cycle labeled B?sedimentary
lavaigneousmetamorphic - 19. Multiple ChoiceHow does the tilt of the Earth’s axis affect the seasons?by changing the amount of direct solar energy reaching the surface of Earthby influencing the rate of chemical reactions occurring in the atmosphereby deflecting the harmful rays of radiation emitted by the sunby changing the speed of the rotation of Earth
- 20. Multiple ChoiceWhat are the proportions of clay, silt, and sand shown at point A in Figure 5-1?clay: 70 percent; silt: 20 percent; sand: 10 percentclay: 60 percent; silt: 20 percent; sand: 20 percentclay: 40 percent; silt: 40 percent; sand: 20 percentclay: 80 percent; silt: 10 percent; sand: 10 percent
- 21. Multiple ChoiceHow does the age of seafloor sediments change with increasing distance from the ocean ridge?Age stays the same.Age increasesAge decreasesAge varies without a pattern.
- 22. Multiple ChoiceWhat feature is labeled D in Figure 10-1?lava flowcraterpipevolcanic neck
- 23. Multiple ChoiceWhat feature is labeled B in Figure 9-1?trenchocean ridgeVolcanic Island ArcContinental Volcanic Arc
- 24. Multiple ChoiceWegener’s continental drift hypothesis stated that all the continents once joined together to form ____.two major supercontinents and three smaller continents
two major supercontinentsone major supercontinentthree major supercontinents - 25. Multiple ChoiceEarthquakes are usually associated with ____.faultsviolent weatherthe east cost of North Americalarge cities
- 26. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following causes earthquakes?Richter scalefrictional heatingelastic reboundrelease of heat
- 27. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is a geographic example of a transform fault boundary?the East African Rift valley
the Andes Mountainsthe San Andreas Faultthe Mid-Atlantic Ridge - 28. Multiple ChoiceBalance in the water cycle means that ____.the average annual precipitation over Earth equals the amount of water that evaporateswater that falls to Earth only enters oceansthe amount of water that falls to Earth weighs the same as the amount that condenses in cloudswater that evaporates from Earth’s surface remains forever in the atmosphere
- 29. Multiple ChoiceSurface water goes from the liquid to the gas state during the process of ____.infiltrationtranspirationprecipitationevaporation
- 30. Multiple ChoiceWhat is true about an ocean current that is moving toward the polar regions?It is fastIt is coldIt is slowIt is warm
- 31. Multiple ChoiceBecause of the Coriolis effect, ocean currents in the Southern Hemisphere are deflected to the ____.southnorthrightleft
- 32. Multiple ChoicePermeable rock layers or sediments that transmit groundwater freely are called ____.aquitardsaquifersspringscaverns
- 33. Multiple ChoiceThe single most important erosional agent on Earth is ____.ocean waveswindglaciersrunning water
- 34. Multiple ChoiceAt night, clouds act as a blanket by ____.absorbing outgoing radiation from the Earthflecting incoming radiation from the Sunreflecting outgoing radiation from the Earthabsorbing incoming radiation from the sun
- 35. Multiple ChoiceIn the Figure, which air masses would be associated with cold, wet conditions?1 and 36 and 42 and 53 and 4
- 36. Multiple ChoiceA continental tropical air mass is ____.hot and drycold and wetcold and dryhot and wet
- 37. Multiple ChoiceOn a weather map, which type of front is shown by a line with triangular points on one side?warmstationaryoccludedcold
- 38. Multiple ChoiceMaritime air masses form ____.over wateronly in winterover landonly in summer
- 39. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is an example of human impact on climate changes?the greenhouse effectglobal warmingchanges in solar outputchanges in the tilt of Earth’s axis
- 40. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is NOT true of greenhouse gases?They absorb Earth’s radiationThey are produced solely by human activitiesThey are transparent to incoming solar radiationThey include carbon dioxide and water vapor
- 41. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is NOT true of the relationship between vegetation and climate?Vegetation influences ocean currentsVegetation influences cloud formatVegetation influences rates of solar absorptionVegetation influences regional precipitation patterns
- 42. Multiple ChoiceWhat are the proportions of clay, silt, and sand shown at point C in Figure 5-1?clay: 20 percent; silt: 60 percent; sand: 20 percentclay: 10 percent; silt: 80 percent; sand: 10 percentclay: 10 percent; silt: 20 percent; sand: 70 percentclay: 30 percent; silt: 40 percent; sand: 30 percent
- 43. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is NOT a major component of soil?earthwormshumusmineral matterair
- 44. Multiple ChoiceWhat factor commonly triggers mass movements?earthquakessaturation of surface materials with waterremoval of vegetationall are correct
- 45. Multiple ChoiceIn a well-developed soil profile, which horizon is the uppermost layer?the parent horizonthe C horizonthe A horizonthe B horizon
- 46. Multiple ChoiceIn Figure 3-1, what process or processes would be occurring in the part of the rock cycle labeled E?meltingweathering and erosioncoolingcompaction and cementation
- 47. Multiple ChoiceDuring what season would you expect mass movements to be a greater threat?a dry summera wet spring with lots of growing vegetationa dry autumn after the leaves have turneda wet spring before vegetation is growing
- 48. Multiple ChoiceAs the speed of cooling of igneous rocks increases, the size of the crystals that form ____.is not affectedcannot be determinedincreasesdecreases
- 49. Multiple ChoiceThe process that occurs when physical forces break rock into smaller pieces without changing the rock’s chemical composition is called ____.differential weatheringerosionchemical weatheringmechanical weathering
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