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- 1. Multiple ChoiceWhat do elements with atomic numbers 6, 14, and 22 have in common?same number of electronssame atomic massa)same valence and will form the same number of covalent bondsall of the above
- 2. Multiple ChoiceWater is a polar molecule because of the
presence of ___________ bonds.ioniccovalentpolar covalenthydrogen - 3. Multiple ChoiceLiving systems differ from non living systems in thatliving systems are composed largely of unusual elementsliving systems are composed largely of elements with (high) atomic massliving systems contain large percentages ( greater than 10%) of nine elementsliving systems combine simple elements in unique combinations
- 4. Multiple ChoiceThe force of the chemical bond (the attraction between the different elements)is an electrical attractionis a unique chemical attractionresults from the sharing of electronsresults from atoms filling their outermost valence shell
- 5. Multiple ChoiceThe four emergent properties of water that are important for life:cohesion, expansion upon freezing, high heat of evaporation, and capillaritycohesion, moderation of temperature, expansion upon freezing, and solvent propertiesmoderation of temperature, solvent properties, high surface tension, and capillarityheat of vaporization, high specific heat, high surface tension, and
- 6. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following explains what is happening when sodium is disolved in watermore hydrogen bonds are forming between water moleculessodium and chloride atoms are separating from one anotherhydration shells are forming around sodium and chloride ionscovalent bonds are breaking and reforming
- 7. Multiple ChoiceA calorie is defined as:the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Fthe amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Cthe amount of energy released by metabolism of one gram of glucosethe amount of energy contained in one gram of fat
- 8. Multiple ChoiceIn humans, blood pH is around 7.4, and a decrease in blood pH to 6.4 would be fatal. A drop by 1 pH unit represents which of these?1/10 as many hydrogen ions1/7 as many hydrogen ionstwice as many hydrogen ions in the solution1/2 as many hydrogen ions in the solution
- 9. Multiple ChoiceWhat functional group is commonly used in cells to transfer energy from one organic molecule to another?carboxylsulfhydrylhydroxylphosphate
- 10. Multiple ChoiceHow many isomers can you make from the molecular formula C6H12O6?124more than 6
- 11. Multiple ChoiceWhich polysaccharide has the greatest number of branches?cellulosechitinamyloseglycogen
- 12. Multiple ChoiceWhy are human enzymes that digest starch unable to digest cellulose?Cellulose is made of amino-containing sugars that cannot be metabolized.Cellulose contains L-glucose instead of D-glucose; starch-digesting enzymes are specific for polymers of D-glucose.Cellulose has beta-glycosidic linkages; starch-digesting enzymes cleave only alpha-glycosidic linkages.Cellulose has beta-galactoside linkages that only bacterial beta-galactosidases can cleave.
- 13. Multiple ChoiceCompared to a carbon atom with only single covalent bonds, a carbon with a double bonda)Shares fewer electron pairs with other atomsa)Is more flexible in the spatial arrangement of its bondsHas a planar configuration of its electron orbitals rather than a tetrahedral configurationIs more polar
- 14. Multiple ChoiceAll lipidsare made from glycerol and fatty acids.contain nitrogen.have low energy content.do not dissolve well in water.
- 15. Multiple ChoiceWhich type of biological polymer has the least diversity in physicochemical properties and structure?polysaccharidespolypeptidesDNARNA
- 16. Multiple ChoiceCompared to tropical fish, arctic fish oils havemore unsaturated fatty acids.more cholesterol.fewer unsaturated fatty acids.more trans-unsaturated fatty acids.
- 17. Multiple ChoiceSickle-cell disease is caused by a mutation in the beta-hemoglobin gene that changes a charged amino acid, glutamic acid, to valine, a hydrophobic amino acid. Where in the protein would you expect to find glutamic acid?on the exterior surface of the proteinin the interior of the protein, away from waterat the active site, binding oxygenat the heme-binding site
- 18. Multiple ChoiceHow does RNA differ from DNA?DNA encodes hereditary information; RNA does notDNA forms duplexes; RNA does not.DNA contains thymine; RNA contains uracil.all of the above
- 19. Multiple ChoiceCeviche is prepared by marinating fresh raw fish in citrus juice for several hours, until the flesh becomes opaque and firm, as if cooked. How does citrus juice render the seafood safe to eat?Acidic pH denatures (unfolds and inactivates) proteins by disrupting their hydrogen bonds.Citrus juice denatures proteins by disrupting their ionic bonds.Citrus juice contains enzymes that hydrolyze peptide bonds to break apart proteins.Citrus juice dissolves cell membranes by disrupting hydrophobic interactions.
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