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- 1. Multiple ChoiceResearch methods can be divided into two categories: quantitative and qualitative.TrueFalse
- 2. Multiple ChoiceAccording to conflict theory, ageism is a way of forcing older people from the work force.TrueFalse
- 3. Multiple ChoiceRacial categories are rooted in biology.TrueFalse
- 4. Multiple ChoiceConflict theory states that the majority uses prejudice and discrimination to control a minority.TrueFalse
- 5. Multiple ChoiceUnlike other animals, humans are already socialized when they are born.TrueFalse
- 6. Multiple ChoiceCapitalism is an economic system founded on the right of individuals to profit from their labors.TrueFalse
- 7. Multiple ChoiceMass media plays a role in the socialization of children because it is constantly displaying role
models that children may imitate.TrueFalse - 8. Multiple ChoiceOne way to develop the sociological imagination is to look at your own society as an outsider.TrueFalse
- 9. Multiple ChoiceSocieties and groups frequently use social sanctions to exert external social control.TrueFalse
- 10. Multiple ChoiceMost modern governments are based on traditional authority.TrueFalse
- 11. Multiple ChoiceSexism is a set of attitudes, beliefs, and values used to justify gender inequality.TrueFalse
- 12. Multiple ChoiceQuantitative research uses numerical data.TrueFalse
- 13. Multiple ChoiceDeviance is relative to time and place and therefore its definition can changeTrueFalse
- 14. Multiple ChoiceThe meaning of a symbol is based solely on its physical characteristics.TrueFalse
- 15. Multiple ChoiceStereotypes can be used to justify unethical treatment of minority groups.TrueFalse
- 16. Multiple ChoiceThe final step when conducting research is toanalyze the data.develop a hypothesis.collect the data.state findings and conclusions
- 17. Multiple ChoicePrimary relationships are more likely to develop if the size of the group is small. What is the main reason for this fact?It is easier to know individuals well when you are in a small group rather than in a large one.Large groups tend to be more coercive.Large groups tend to be more informal and therefore there is a less structured environment in which to get to know people.Large groups tend to meet more often than small groups.
- 18. Multiple ChoiceWhat did W.E.B. Du Bois criticize?class based social structurethe assumption that African Americans are inferiorthe move from agricultural to industrial societythe belief in Social Darwinism
- 19. Multiple ChoiceHistorically, many African Americans in southern states were denied the right to vote by government officials who treated them differently from whites; for example, by requiring them to pass complex exams to be able to vote. This is an example ofinstitutionalized discrimination.genocide.ethnocentrism.a self-fulfilling prophecy.
- 20. Multiple ChoiceCapitalism is founded on the sanctity ofsocietal strata.private property.voting registration.government officials.
- 21. Multiple ChoiceWhy do people use reference groups?People use them to evaluate themselves and acquire values.Reference groups give people something to join.They provide models of positive behavior.People use reference groups to exclude others.
- 22. Multiple ChoiceAssume that Michael’s teacher has a rule that if a student talks out-of-turn three times in one day, that student must stay in for recess for the rest of the week. Which of the following methods is the teacher using to control student behavior?folkwayinformal sanctionsociobiologyformal sanction
- 23. Multiple ChoiceWhich is an example of an interlocking directorate? The head of corporation Amakes arrangements with the head of Corporation B for the two corporations to merge.refuses to communicate with the head of Corporation B.files court papers to separate business from the head of Corporation B.and the head of Corporation B sit on one another’s corporate boards.
- 24. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is a cultural universal?female-headed householdsthe lack of an army during peacetimefamily structuremale-headed households
- 25. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following may arise from a lack of social norms?anomieritualismpositive deviancestigma
- 26. Multiple ChoiceSocial control refers tothe folkways practiced by a society.the methods a society uses to promote order and stability.the violation of a social sanction.the rebellious behavior of many adolescents.
- 27. Multiple ChoiceWhat did eighteenth-century Scottish social philosopher Adam Smith state was the regulator of economy?self-interestmixed economic systemsmonopoliesstate-owned small businesses
- 28. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following would be considered socially-acceptable in an industrial society?threatening private propertyadopting a policy that prohibits promotionscompeting for a higher paying jobrefusing to participate in the work process
- 29. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is an element of culture?instinctsvaluesreflexesgenetics
- 30. Multiple ChoiceDuring a beginning study of sociology, it is appropriate to think of politics as the exercise of power and economics as the distribution ofsociety.behavior.resources.government.
- 31. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is generally the first agent of socialization for most people?familymass mediareligionmedicine
- 32. Multiple ChoiceStudents in George’s sixth-grade class avoid him because they know his father is in prison for auto theft. This is an example ofritualism.rebellion.a stigma.attachment.
- 33. Multiple ChoiceDr. Martin Luther King, Jr., inspired many people through his personality and the strength of his ideas. Which term identifies the form of authority this exemplifies?legitimatetraditionalcharismaticrational-legal
- 34. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is true of how gender socialization occurs in schools?Teachers encourage different behaviors from boys and girls.Boys are taught to dislike math and science.Girls are taught to dislike reading.Boys are encouraged to be less assertive in class.
- 35. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is an example of a cultural universal?the existence of a family structurelack of mourning ritualstasks are not assigned but are left to decisions made by individualssocietal values are formed by individual choices
- 36. Multiple ChoiceIn the 1960s, African Americans boycotted some businesses that practiced segregation. Which of the following is this an example of?a valuean informal sanctiona lawa formal sanction
- 37. Multiple ChoiceThe theory that behavioral differences are the result of inherited physical characteristics is calledbiological determinism.gender identity.nature versus nurture.adaptive evolution.
- 38. Multiple ChoiceA researcher is interested in studying the behavior of high-school basketball teams. Over one
season, she joins the team during practice, watching the players' interactions first-hand. What type of research is this?a questionnairean interviewa case studyparticipant observation - 39. Multiple ChoiceWhich best describes how peers influence the gender socialization of high school students?They typically encourage each other to try nontraditional behavior.They typically encourage each other to follow traditional gender roles.Boys typically encourage other boys to follow nontraditional gender roles, while girls typically encourage other girls to follow traditional behavior.They have no influence on gender socialization.
- 40. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is an example of a hate crime?a person stealing money from an Asian American because the thief wants to buy drugspainting a swastika on a Jewish neighbor’s garagearguing with someone about politicsnot hiring a Latino American for a job because she does not have the required skills
- 41. Multiple ChoiceAccording to Émile Durkheim, where is consensus strongest?in small tribal societiesin large industrial societiesin universitiesin countries with large international trade
- 42. Multiple ChoiceA successful businesswoman suddenly finds that she cannot be promoted to the top levels of her company. Conflict theorists call this aglass ceilingsocial ladderbrick wallsocial pattern
- 43. Multiple ChoiceAbout 85% of corporate secretaries are female. This is an example ofgender identity.biological determinism.de jure sexism.occupational sex segregation.
- 44. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is true concerning deviant behavior?Primary deviance usually leads to secondary deviance.What is considered deviant in one society may not be considered deviant in another society.Deviant behavior is also illegal behavior.Adults learn deviant behavior more quickly than children.
- 45. Multiple ChoiceHow does positive deviance differ from negative deviance?Positive deviance occurs when people over-conform.Society benefits from positive deviance.Negative deviance occurs when people idealize group norms.Positive deviance is easier to manage.
- 46. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following emphasizes the contributions of each part of society and how these parts work together to create a unified whole?symbolic interactionismthe conflict perspectivefunctionalismpositivism
- 47. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following illustrates the symbolic interactionist perspective on gender differences?Women are denied access to education.Men hunted, and women raised children.Parents teach children gender roles.Men earn more than women.
- 48. Multiple ChoiceMany experts on human development believethat humans develop normally with little contact with other humans.human babies without close human contact have difficulty forming emotional ties with other peoplethat it is easy to draw conclusions about human behavior from observing the behavior of other animals.unlike other animals, human do not have emotional needs, only physiological needs.
- 49. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is a negative effect of deviance?It provides a safety valve.It promotes social change.It causes society to reaffirm norms.It erodes trust.
- 50. Multiple ChoiceWhich best describes the economic system of most nations?capitalistsocialistmonopolisticmixed
- 51. Multiple ChoiceWhy is social control important?It establishes nonconformity.It creates stability.It promotes unpredictability.It generates deviance.
- 52. Multiple ChoiceAccording to functionalists, attitudes about aging changed whenindustrialization changed the nature of work.new political systems emerged.women began to enter the workforce.the retirement age increased.
- 53. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is true of postindustrial societies?More people work in white-collar jobs than in blue-collar jobs.More people work in blue-collar jobs than in white-collar jobs.People assess technological change primarily after introducing it.Technical knowledge is less important in the workplace.
- 54. Multiple ChoiceHow do sociologists define society?people that share the same languagethe combined genetic characteristics of a group of peoplea territory inhabited by people with a common culturethe basis for human and nonhuman groups
- 55. Multiple ChoiceWhat is an important difference between sociology and anthropology?Sociology studies human mental processes; anthropology deals with human emotions.Anthropology studies social structure; sociology studies culture.Sociology studies the theory of government; anthropology studies how government works.Sociology investigates social behavior from a group perspective; anthropology investigates culture.
- 56. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following best expresses conformity?What do you think?That’s a bad idea.Let’s talk this over.All my friends say I should!
- 57. Multiple ChoiceWhich correctly reflects a position of social philosopher Adam Smith?Over-regulation by government is inevitable.It is sometimes necessary for the state to intervene to prevent abuses by businesses.Government should take a hands-off approach regarding the economy.A combination of private ownership of property and the pursuit of profit creates disadvantages for the state and society.
- 58. Multiple ChoiceRegarding forms of prejudice, symbolic interactionism states thatprejudices weaken the majority group’s self-concept.hate crimes are rare among people who are strongly ethnocentric.the majority encourages minorities to assimilate in order to increase the stability of a society.hate crimes always involve demeaning labels that justify violence.
- 59. Multiple ChoiceAccording to Durkheim, the social condition in which norms are weak, conflicting, or absent is calledretreatism.strain.anomie.ritualism.
- 60. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following questions best helps you evaluate information on the Internet?What is the quantity of information?How many people have visited the site?Where did the information come from?Does the site use graphics effectively?
- 61. Multiple ChoiceWhat is one way the Internet affects a social network?It slows down the flow of information among networks.It establishes boundaries between different networks.It encourages more face-to-face contact.It expands the amount of interaction within networks.
- 62. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following best describes the functionalist view of gender?It is to men’s advantage to prevent women from gaining political, economic, and social power.Traditional gender roles are outdated because people in modern society no longer need to rely on physical strength to surviveThe traditional division of responsibilities between men and women exists because it has benefited society.Children acquire their gender identity by interacting with the world around them, including parents, teachers, and peers.
- 63. Multiple ChoiceThe functionalist perspective regarding models of political power believes that power is exercised byeconomic and public policies.mass media and social celebrities.national political and military leaders.bargaining and compromising interest groups.
- 64. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following jobs would be in the primary sector? A(an)worker in a phone factorycashier in a clothing storeinsurance salespersonvegetable farmer
- 65. Multiple ChoiceThe environmental lobby best exemplifies a(n)public policy.mass media influenceinterest group.power of the voting public.
- 66. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is a challenge usually associated with adolescence?decreased decision making opportunitiesa firm grasp of one’s statusa lowering of feelings of pressurepressure from a peer group
- 67. Multiple ChoiceCarlos’s first-grade teacher is teaching him that he should speak in class only after raising his hand and being called on. What is this an example of?normdrivetaboosubculture
- 68. Multiple ChoiceMost sociologists believe thatgender differences have both biological and cultural causes.family attitudes are responsible for virtually all gender differences.biology is responsible for about 90% of gender differences.culture is responsible for about 90% of gender differences.
- 69. Multiple ChoiceIn the 1800s, some schools had rules that female teachers had to be unmarried because most people believed that married women should stay home and take care of their families. However, no such rules applied to men in their work. This is an example ofbiological determinism.feminization of poverty.sexism.gender identity.
- 70. Multiple ChoiceWhy is the scientific method used when conducting scientific research?It encourages randomness when doing research.It enhances social responsibility.It lessens the need for professional competence.It provides a systematic way to pursue knowledge.
- 71. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following words can be considered an example of a stigma?cheaterherodoctorstudious
- 72. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following people works in the primary sector?a farmer who raises chickensa bakera website developera dentist
- 73. Multiple ChoiceWomen held less than ten percent of civil engineering positions in 2010. This is an example ofoccupational sex segregation.de jure segregation.gender socialization.a “pink-collar” job.
- 74. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following statements is true concerning the elderly in the United States today?Few elderly women live in poverty because their husbands provide security.The elderly are worse off than they were 40 years ago.Most elderly people who live in institutions are financially well off.Discrimination against racial minorities increases as people age.
- 75. Multiple ChoiceWhich type of power does Nelson Mandela’s rule exemplify?coercive, because his power arose through a show of forcerational-legal, because his power arose from the office he heldtraditional, because his power arose from legitimacy rooted in customcharismatic, because his power arose from his personal characteristics
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