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- 1. Multiple ChoiceThe protection of individual freedoms from the federal government was a demand for the addition of what component to the Constitution?A. Process of RatificationB. Separation of PowersC. PreambleD. The Bill of Rights
- 2. Multiple ChoiceThe following quote, attributed to Patrick Henry, indicates his strong position as an Anti-Federalist. What were the Anti-Federalists opposed to in 1787?
"(It) is not an instrument for the government to restrain the people; it is an instrument for the people to restrain the government -- lest it come to dominate our lives and interests."A. ratification of the ConstituionB. slave ownershipC. states' rightsD. local control of government - 3. Multiple ChoiceArguments for the ratification of the Constitution can be found in what historical document(s)?A. The Article of ConfederationB. The Federalist PaperC. Declaration of IndependenceD. The Bill of Rights
- 4. Multiple ChoiceHow would the "Three-Fifths Compromise" affect Virginia, the most populous state in 1790?A. It would allow for the slave population of Virginia to count equally in federal taxation and representation.B. Virginia would have three-fifths of the total representation in Congress.C. Three-fifths of the slave population would count toward determining federal taxation and representation.D. Three-fifths of the slave population must be set free in order to ratify the Constitution.
- 5. Multiple ChoiceThe Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights heavily influenced what provision in the U.S. Constitution?A. Separation of powerB. congressional approval of all taxesC. executive authority over taxationD. equal congressional representation
- 6. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following quotes did NOT come from the Federalist Papers in support of ratification on the Constitution?A. "I had rather be a free citizen of the small republic of Massachusetts, than an oppressed subject of the great American empire."B. "The operations of the federal government will be most extensive and important in times of war and danger; those of the State governments, in times of peace and security."C. "To all general purposes we have uniforrmly been one people each individual citizen everywhere enjoying the same national rights, privileges, and protection.""You must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place, oblige it to control itself."
- 7. Multiple ChoiceAnti-Federalists argued all of the following excerpt:A. The US Supreme Court should not be able to overturn decisions made in the state courts.B. The federal government is given too much control over local affairs.C. Individual rights should be given priority over government authority.D. The national legislative and executive branches are not given enough power.
- 8. Multiple ChoiceThe following quote from Thomas Jefferson indicates that he supports what political position in 1788?
"Our country is too large to have all affairs directed by a single government." - Thomas JeffersonA. RatificationB. RepublicanismC. Anti-FederalismD. Federalism - 9. Multiple ChoiceJames Madison and Alexander Hamilton were instrumental in writing essays supporting what cause?A. Creating strong state governmentsB. Protecting the rights of individual land ownershipC. Ratifying the ConstitutionD. Westward expansion
- 10. Multiple ChoiceWhat principle of U.S. government is described below....
1. Congress passes bill
2. President signs bill into law
3. Supreme Court rules new law unconstitutionalA. Limited governmentB. Popular sovereigntyC. Checks and balancesD. Federalism - 11. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is NOT an example of the principle of limited government defined in the U.S. Constitution?A. Each state establishes its own system of public education.B. Congress passes a resolution to declare war.C. The Supreme Court upholds recent legislation passed by Congress.D. The President signs an executive order to increase taxes.
- 12. Multiple ChoiceWhat principle of U.S. government is illustrated below:
1. People elect representatives to Congress
2. Congress passes legislation that increases taxes
3. Many representatives are defeated in next electionA. Unalienable rightsB. RepublicanismC. Judicial reviewD. Federalism - 13. Multiple ChoiceThe quote below from Patrick Henry addresses what principle of the U.S. Constitution?
"Show me that age and country where the rights and liberties of the people were placed on the sole chance of their rulers being good men, without a consequent loss of liberty?"A. Individual rightsB. Checks and balancesC. Judicial reviewD. Separation of powers - 14. Multiple ChoiceSuppose Congress wants to amend the Constitution. If 60% of both houses have voted in favor of the proposed legislation, can the amendment be passed into law and why?A. Yes, but only if it is signed by the President.B. Yes, no other action is required and the amendment passes.C. No, two-thirds of both houses did not vote in favor of the amendment.D. No, the Supreme Court has not reviewed the amendment.
- 15. Multiple ChoiceWhen writing the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson referred to the rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness as:A. expendableB. unalienableC. given by the governmentD. uncommon
- 16. Multiple ChoiceDuring the Constitutional Convention in 1787, James Madison said that federal courts could declare a law void if the law violates the "constitution established by the people themselves."
Madison was advocating what principle to be included in the U.S. Constitution?A. Individual rightsB. Checks and balancesC. Judicial reviewD. Separation of powers - 17. Multiple ChoiceAll of the following rights are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights except:A. The right to property ownershipB. The right to own a gunC. The right to due processD. The right to religious freedom
- 18. Multiple ChoiceWhat action would be protected by the First Amendment?A. A business owner refuses to allow his personal property to be used by the military for training and housing.B. A family may choose to attend worship service at a newly founded church in the community.C. An accused man seeks advice from his attorney before being questioned by the police.D. A woman wants to purchase a firearm and keep it in her house for security.
- 19. Multiple ChoiceA plan to create a national bank in order to stabilize the new economy of the United States was:A. Met with harsh criticism from George Washington and vetoed.B. A key part of Alexander Hamilton's economic plan.C. Initially tried, but abandoned under the Monroe DoctrineD. Approved and established only as a publicly owned bank, not privately owned.
- 20. Multiple ChoiceAt the end of the Revolutionary War, a major economic issue that faced the United States was:A. The number of failed small businesses.B. Lack of natural resourcesC. No strong, international trading partners.D. The large amount of war debt.
- 21. Multiple ChoiceDisagreement over Alexander Hamilton's national economic policies:A. Gave rise to the first political parties.B. Caused Washington to fire Hamilton as the Secretary of the Treasury.C. Ignited riots among northern business owners.D. Brought federalists and anti-federalists together in agreement to oppose Hamilton's plan.
- 22. Multiple ChoiceThe statement, "The duty and interest of the United States require that they should adopt a conduct friendly and impartial toward the [warring] powers" best summarizes:A. Alexander Hamilton's economic planB. The Monroe DoctrineC. The foreign policy of George WashingtonD. France's appeal to the United States in 1793
- 23. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is not a statement from George Washington's Farewell Address?A. "The great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations is in extending our commercial relations [with] foreign nations..."B. "It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world."C. "Avoid the accumulation of debt....not ungenerously throwing upon [future generations] the burden, which we ourselves ought to bear."D. "As a principle in which the rights and intersts of the United Statees are involved, that the AMerican continents are henceforth not to be considered as subject for future colonization by any European powers."
- 24. Multiple ChoiceMarbury v. Madison (1803) was significant because:A. It gave significant decision making power to the President.B. It established the first case of judicial review in which a law was struck down as unconstitutional.C. It created a system of lower courts and weakened the Supreme Court.D. State courts were given a higher level of authority than federal courts.
- 25. Multiple ChoiceNorthwest Territory was the subject of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787. The Northwest Ordinance:A. Allowed for slave ownership in territories not yet defined as a "state".B. Defined the process for which new states would be admitted to the United States.C. Prohibited settlement in this region.D. Created a peace treaty with Native Americans.
- 26. Multiple ChoiceThe Proclamation of Neutrality (1793) and the Monroe Doctrine (1823) were common in what aspect?A. Created a strong political and military alliance with France.B. Established a stronger United States presence in world affairs.C. Sought to avoid conflicts with European nations.D. Communicated the United States had a desire for westward expansion.
- 27. Multiple ChoiceWhat major foreign policy declared that the American continents were no longer open to exploration and settlement by European settlers?A. The Monroe DoctrineB. George Washington's Farewell AddressC. Proclamation of Neutrality of 1793D. Embargo Act of 1807
- 28. Multiple ChoiceAll of the following were significant policies and occurrences of George Washington's presidency, except:A. Neutral stance on foreign conflicts that did not directly involve the United States.B. Establishment of a national bank and a federal system of credit and currency.C. Emergence of major political parties.D. Purchase of the Louisiana Territory from France.
- 29. Multiple ChoiceIn 1787, Thomas Jefferson said, "I think it is wise...not to entangle ourselves with the affairs of Europe." What document shares this same belief?A. George Washington's Farewell AddressB. The Declaration of IndependenceC. Marbury v. Madison (1803)D. Federalist Papers
- 30. Multiple ChoiceThe invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney in 1793 made cotton growing in the south to become very efficient, and therefore profitable, for southern farmers. This lead to which of the following occurrences:
I. An increase in the African slave trade.
II. Smaller cotton plantations took the place of larger farms.
III. Dependence on cotton in the southern economy.A. I and II onlyB. I and III onlyC. II and III onlyD. I, II and III - 31. Multiple ChoiceAndrew Jackson believed that.....A. South Carolina farmers could determine their own level of taxation.B. South Carolina was correct in its assertion that it could secede from the Union over the Tariff of 1832.C. South Carolina did not have the authority to nullify a federal law unconstitutional.D. South Carolina was no longer a slave state under federal law.
- 32. Multiple ChoiceThe key issue of the Nullification Crisis was a debate over:A. Individual power of states over federal authorityB. Abolishment of slaveryC. Women's right to vote and run for officeD. Relocation of Indians to western territories
- 33. Multiple ChoiceAndrew Jackson dispatched naval ships to Charleston harbor and warned South Carolina that its action to void the Tariff of 1832 within its territory was treason. This was his response to:A. Indian Removal ActB. Industrial RevolutionC. Missouri CompromiseD. The Nullification Crisis
- 34. Multiple ChoiceDuring the presidency of Andrew Jackson, Protestant Evangelicals supported what major reform movement?A. Abolishment of slaveryB. Individual rights for IndiansC. Women's right to voteD. Rights of factory workers
- 35. Multiple ChoiceIn the Nullification Crisis, what political leader argued that states reserved the right to nullify federal laws?A. Andrew JacksonB. John CalhounC. John Quincy AdamsD. Henry Clay
- 36. Multiple ChoiceWhy were southern states against the higher tariffs enacted by Congress?A. It would make it more difficult to export crops.B. It would give northern farmers an economic advantage.C. It would give slaves more individual rights.D. It would prevent manufacturing business from growing.
- 37. Multiple ChoiceAndrew Jackson's views on slavery were mostly aligned with which of the following groups?A. Protestant evangelicalsB. Northern RepublicansC. Southern plantation ownersD. European immigrants
- 38. Multiple ChoiceHow did the southern plantation system influence the northern economic system?A. The economic system of the northern states was completely independent from the southern plantations.B. The tariffs on southern plantations made northern businesses more profitable.C. Northern plantations could not compete with cheaper prices from southern plantations because of their use of slave labor.D. Southern plantations produced cotton used in northern mills and factories.
- 39. Multiple ChoiceAll of the following are considered significant roots of the Manifest Destiny except:A. Americans believed that it was their mission to extend democracy from the Atlantic to the Pacific coast.B. Expanding westward was a way to secure the United States from rival powers like England, Spain and Russia.C. Plantation owners in the south wanted to expand their farming operations, and slavery, into the western frontier.D. Americans romanticized the pioneering spirit and as a symbol of individualism and freedom.
- 40. Multiple ChoiceSam Houston's victory at the Battle of San Jacinto eventually led to which of the following occurences:A. The annexation of Texas in 1845 and the US-Mexican WarB. The Louisiana Purchase in 1803C. The opening of the Oregon Trail to pioneers in the 1840sD. The Gadsden Purchase of 1853
- 41. Multiple ChoiceThe Louisiana Purchase of 1803
The Florida Purchase of 1819
The annexation of Texas in 1845
These are examples of what political philosophy of the 19th century?A. Free Enterprise SystemB. FederalismC. AbolitionismD. Manifest Destiny - 42. Multiple ChoiceHow did the Compromise of 1850 affect land gained through the US-Mexican War?A. Established free markets of trade with both Mexico and the United States.B. Expanding voting rights to womenC. Opened Texas to the practice of slaveryD. Created a new railroad system to transport goods from Texas to the east coast.
- 43. Multiple ChoiceTexas and California both have what historical characteristic in common?A. Achieved statehood in 1845B. Former territories of MexicoC. Settled by MormonsD. Allowed the practice of slavery
- 44. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is not true about why pioneers and settlers pursued western territories?A. The availability of natural harbors for shippingB. Inexpensive landC. Abundant natural resourcesD. Fertile soil for farming
- 45. Multiple ChoiceAll of the following contribute to sectionalism of the United States in 1850 except:A. Differences in local geographyB. Regional availability of natural resourcesC. Uniform currency and federal taxationD. Religious values and beliefs within a community
- 46. Multiple ChoiceBeginning in 1847, thousands of Mormons moved westward and settled near the Great Salt Lake for what reason?A. Economic opportunities associated with miningB. Religious freedomC. Strong belief in the Manifest DestinyD. Farming and cattle ranching
- 47. Multiple ChoiceFort Sumter was significant in the Civil War because:A. It marked the beginning of the war as Confederates attacked the Union held fort.B. The Confederate Army was dealt a strong defeat which turned the tide of the war to the Union's favor.C. The Confederate-held fort was attached and sieged by the Union Army.D. This marked the last major battle in the Civil War.
- 48. Multiple ChoiceWhich Civil War event listed below was the first major Union defeat of General Robert E. Lee?A. 1863 - Battle of GettysburgB. 1861 - Battle of Bull RunC. 1864 - Sherman's "March to the Sea:D. 1862- Battle of Antietam
- 49. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following was not a contributing factor to the Civil War?A. State's rights to secedeB. Continuation of slavery in the SouthC. Economic differences between North and South statesD. Division within the Republican Party in the 1860 election
- 50. Multiple ChoiceThe focus of President Lincoln's efforts shifted from winning the war to bring Confederate states back into the Union after what event?A. Siege of Vicksburg, MississippiB. Issuing the Emancipation ProclamationC. Union victory at Gettysburg, PAD. Lee's surrender at Appomatox Courthouse
- 51. Multiple ChoiceWhat were the most important advantages of the North had over the South in the Civil War?A. Alliances with France and Great BritainB. Support of southern DemocratsC. Superior military leadersD. Human resources and financial strength
- 52. Multiple ChoiceWhat major battle of the Civil War was important in controlling the Mississippi River?A. Battle of VicksburgB. Battle of AntietamC. Battle of GettysburgD. Battle of Bull Run
- 53. Multiple ChoiceThe Dred Scott Decision (1857) of the U.S. Supreme Court set the stage for what two major causes of the Civil War?A. Slavery and states' rightsB. Taxation and free tradeC. Temperance and slaveryD. Sectionalism and tariffs
- 54. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following was not a condition of the southern states immediately after the Civil War?A. Freed slaves were protected by civil rights lawsB. A large number of businesses were bankruptC. Crop failures drove up food pricesD. Confederate currency had little or no value
- 55. Multiple ChoiceFollowing the Civil War, Congress established federal assistance for freed slaves, such as help building schools of education. This assistance was known as the:A. Black CodesB. Jim Crow LawsC. Freedmen's BureauD. Civil War Amendments
- 56. Multiple ChoiceSeven African-Americans were elected to Congress during Reconstruction. Why were they able to be elected?A. The creation of the Freedmen's Bureau helped educate many freed slaves.B. Black Codes were passed in many southern state legislaturesC. The 15th Amendment was added to the Constitution.D. President Johnson was impeached by Congress.
- 57. Multiple ChoiceIn order to deal with the South's economic problems after slavery, plantation owners and freedmen developed a system of:A. CarpetbaggersB. SharecroppingC. Joint-ownership agreementsD. Revenue sharing
- 58. Multiple ChoiceThe 15th Amendment, as passed and ratified in 1870, applied to all of the following except:A. Ex-ConfederatesB. Freed SlavesC. WomenD. Non-landowners
- 59. Multiple ChoiceDomestic terrorist organizations like Ku Klux Klan gained strength in the South after Reconstruction mainly because:A. Sharecropping replaced slavery.B. Carpetbaggers protected the rights of ex-Confederates.C. The 15th Amendment was passed by Congress.D. Northern troops withdrew and local control was returned.
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